• 공학교육연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a behaviorally anchored rating scale for peer evaluation in group projects based on social interdependence theory. A mixed method involving a qualitative and quantitative approach was used in this study. In the qualitative study, both the individual and group interviews were conducted to college students regarding their cooperative learning experiences. Data from this qualitative research was analyzed based on 5 elements of cooperative learning and 'critical incidents' were extracted from students' own voices that would serve as specific rating criteria in the scale. Once the 'critical incidents' have been incorporated into the scale, validation from 3 independent experts was conducted. In the quantitative study, correlations with relevant variables were analyzed to examine the criteria-referenced validity. Findings suggest that the behaviorally anchored rating scale for peer evaluation in group projects can be used in various team-based learning contexts.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.37-62
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop an appropriate scale for evaluating early years children's English textbooks and to confirm the validity and reliability for the scale thus developed. The scale was administered to 563 Korean early childhood English teachers. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of the 24 item scale demonstrated Cronbach' ${\alpha}$ = .94 for internal consistency of the total items. Confimatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a four-factor structure. Cross-Validation for the retest accepted the four-factors. Those four factors were as follows; Contents & Organization as factor 1, Illustrations & Designs as factor 2, Materials & Topics, as factor 3 and Objectives as factor 4. The author suggests that these afore mentioned factors will prove to be most useful for evaluating the children's English textbooks which are apparently published in an often quite indiscriminant manner.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2017

본 연구는 청소년 상담 기관 조직의 조직원들의 의사소통능력 척도를 개발 타당화하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구 대상은 청소년 상담 복지센터에서 근무하는 상담자, 사회복지사, 관리자 등 131명이며, SPSS 12.0로 탐색적 요인분석과 이후 척도 타당화를 위한 상관관계분석, AMOS 20.0 프로그램을 사용하여 확인적 요인 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과로 공식적 의사소통 능력 8문항과 비공식적 의사소통능력 8문항의 2요인으로 척도를 구성하고 타당화 하였다. 총 14문항에 대한 신뢰도는 내적 합치도를 통해 확보되었다. 본 척도의 타당도 확보를 위해 기존의 대인관계 의사소통 능력과의 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 척도는 아동, 청소년 관련된 상담기관에서 의사소통과 관련된 연구를 진행하는데 도움이 될 것이라고 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a hospice palliative care performance measure which would cover more than just physical symptoms or quality of life. Methods: Through an intensive literature review, the author chose questions that measured aspects of physical, emotional, spiritual, social, or practical domains pertinent to hospice palliative care for inclusion in the scale. Content validation of the questions was established by 15 hospice palliative care professionals. A preliminary Hospice Palliative Care Performance Scale (HPCPS) of 20 questions was administered to 134 pairs of terminal cancer patients from 5 hospice palliative care units and their main family caregiver. A validation study was conducted to evaluate construct validity and internal consistency. Results: Factor analysis showed 14 significant questions in five subscales; Physical, Emotional, Spiritual, Social, and Patient' rights. There were no significant differences between the ratings by patients and family members except for three out of the 14 questions. The measure demonstrated construct validity, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the subscales ranged from .73 to .79. Conclusion: The HPCOS demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess effectiveness of hospice palliative care for terminal cancer patients in practice and research.

• 아동학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-28
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to develop a behavior rating scale for the evaluation of children's development for utilization by preschool teachers. The procedures for the study included content validation, pilot test, and main study. A total of 97 items were retained after the content validation and pilot test. The items of the scale were grouped into five areas (physical, language, cognitive, emotional, and social development) and 11 sub-areas. The resulting "Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children" was administered to 479 boys and girls, 3-6 through 6-5 years of age, selected from 10 different kindergartens and early education centers in Seoul, Pusan, and Chonju. The analysis of data was done with SPSS computer programs, including item analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability, factor analysis to test construct validity, two-way ANOVA to test age and sex differences, and percentile norms. The 97 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item discrimination with indices ranging from .31 to .73. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .98 for the total scale and ranged from .87 to .93 in specific domains, which was considered satisfactory. The factors extracted from each area were consistent with the educational objectives of the Yonsei Open Education Program except for emotional development. The intercorrelations among the domains were relatively high, ranging from .56 to .81. Age differences were significant in cognitive, physical, and language development, but not significant in social and emotional development. Sex differences were significant in all areas with girls higher on the average than the boys. Percentile ranks were drived from the total score for each age group and quartiles were calculated for sub-scores in each domain.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.225-241
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• 2019

This study develops and validates an objective scale to measure newspaper use at home by elementary school students and parents. We developed a preliminary scale of 59 items through the review of literature on newspaper use and mediation as well as the examination of content validity by education experts. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. A total of 42 items were supported by 703 parents with students in grades 1-6 using exploratory factor analysis. The model included 3 categories and 9 sub-factors: instruction (modeling, restriction, and text instruction), activities (play activity, conversation, online mediation, and scrap activity), and belief (academic achievement and information acquisition). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed and validated the model fit; in addition, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and cross validity was confirmed through correlation analysis by gender comparison and grade comparison. We also verified the validity of this scale through correlation analysis based on Yu and Jung (2012)'s newspaper mediation variables and scale in regards to children's motivation for using newspapers. Finally, internal consistency reliability and half reliability were also confirmed. In conclusion, the suitability and stability of home newspaper utilization scale for elementary students (HNUS-E) were confirmed. This scale provides parents and educators with ideas for the development of the children's literacy, cognitive, and affective domains that can be effectively used in research on newspaper use for school-aged children.

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.195-213
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• 2006

Development of the 3 scales comprising the present research was based on review of literature, existing screening scales, and empirical research pertaining to (Scale I) the development of social and emotional problems of children, (Scale II) parent-child relations, and (Scale III) assessment of children's environment. Professionals in each area approved a draft of the new screening scale. The clinical group was classified into normal and at-risk groups based on the Denver II scale and the Child Behavior Check List(ages 1.5-5). The clinical groups were administered the newly developed screening scale to see whether the same classification pertained. Results proved the cross-validity of the new scale.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.417-435
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 태권도 공연 관람자의 인지된 가치 척도를 개발하고 더 나아가 개발된 가치 척도에 대해 다양한 분석 방법을 이용하여 척도의 타당성, 신뢰성, 적용가능성을 평가하여 태권도 공연 관람자에 대한 후속 연구를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이에 따라 척도개발과 관련된 선행연구의 절차를 참고하여 8단계 방법인 (1) 선행연구 검토, (2) 예비 요인 및 문항 추출, (3) 문항의 정제 및 평가, (4) 예비조사, (5) 데이터 수집, (6) 문항의 타당성 확보, (7) 문항의 유효성 평가, (8) 문항의 적용가능성 검토를 실시하였다. 분석 결과 태권도 공연 관람자의 인지된 가치 척도는 문화적, 사회적, 쾌락적, 미적, 도덕적 및 실용적 가치 등 6가지 요인, 19문항으로 개발되었다. 한편, 개발된 가치의 적용가능성을 검토하고자 관람태도, 만족 및 미래 소비행동과의 관계를 분석한 결과 문화적, 사회적, 미적, 도덕적 가치는 관람태도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적, 쾌락적, 실용적 가치는 관람만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 문화적, 사회적, 미적 가치는 미래 소비행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 개발된 가치 척도의 모든 요인은 소비자행동(태도, 만족 및 행동)에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인 하였다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-50
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop an early childhood teacher's autonomy scale in the implementation of the Early Childhood Curriculum and to verify its validity and reliability. Methods: A literature review and a delphi survey were conducted in order to explore conceptual characteristics and develop a preliminary questionnaire. A main survey was conducted on 375 early childhood teacher to test their item quality, validity and reliability. Results: The final scale was composed of 24 items with four factors: 'support for child-centered play environment and interaction' (7 items), 'use of learning community' (4 items), 'cooperation and participation with family and local community' (6 items), and 'flexible daily management' (7 items). And the scale was verified as a stable and reliable tool. Conclusion/Implications: This is expected to contribute to the correct understanding of children's education and to actively realize the autonomy of early childhood teachers in the implementation of the Early Childhood Curriculum.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Engineering Empathy Instrument. Engineering empathy is defined as the ability that encompasses the following three qualities, a skill to interpret social issues and phenomenon that may occur in the process of interactions between human beings and engineering systems, a practical orientation that enables one to take stakeholders' perspectives to carry out an engineering project, and a professional way of being that acknowledges empathic skills and associated practice orientations. Based on this notion, we develop a scale to measure engineering empathy and have surveyed 429 engineering students. Evidence for the validity and reliability of the scale is presented. In conclusion, we find that engineering empathy can be measured and conceptualized as three domains: a Learnable Skill (ELS), a Practical Orientation (EPO), and a Professional Way (EPW). We also find that sophomores show the highest level of engineering empathy as compared with other graders. While students accumulate technical knowledge, their understanding about engineering in social and interpretational contexts gets weakened. This implies that engineering education necessarily emphasizes the impacts of engineering solutions in interpersonal, societal, technologies, and environmental contexts.