• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-44
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• 2017

This study was to suggest display of RDA resource type in OPAC efficiently. Literature reviews and users test and preference survey were used as research methods. The 4 ways for the display of RDA resource type were suggested. First, GMD and the resource type code(bcode2) invented by library itself as well as leader/06, 007, and 008 field should be used for converting AACR2 resource type to RDA resource type in the bibliographic records. Second, RDA resource type vocabularies applicable to Korean cataloging environment should be designed and described in 33X subfield ${\blacktriangledown}9$ and detailed resource terms described in 34X should be also expressed in OPAC. Third, two option is suggested as content type and carrier type display separately and as content type and carrier type combination. Fourth, 336, 338 filed, leader/07 bibliographic level, 008/30-31 Literary text for sound recordings, 34X field were useful to develop user centered resource type icon. This study would be able to increase the utilization of RDA resource types and help the users to understand the RDA resource type in OPAC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10513-10524
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• 2015

Background: Metastasis is a major reason for poor prognosis in patients with cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A salient feature is the ability of cancer cells to colonize different organs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in numerous cellular processes, including metastasis. Materials and Methods: In this study, the lncRNA expression profiles of two HCC cell lines, one with high potential for metastasis to the lung (HCCLM3) and the other to lymph nodes (HCCLYM-H2) were assessed using the Arraystar Human LncRNA Array v2.0, which contains 33,045 lncRNAs and 30,215 mRNAs. Coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) networks were constructed and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify lncRNAs with potential functions in organ-specific metastasis. Levels of two representative lncRNAs and one representative mRNA, RP5-1014O16.1, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8, were further detected in HCC cell lines with differing metastasis potential by qRT-PCR. Results: Using microarray data, we identified 1,482 lncRNAs and 1,629 mRNAs that were differentially expressed (${\geq}1.5$ fold-change) between the two HCC cell lines. The most upregulated lncRNAs in H2 were RP11-672F9.1, RP5-1014O16.1, and RP11-501G6.1, while the most downregulated ones were lincRNA-TSPAN8, lincRNA-CALCA, C14orf132, NCRNA00173, and CR613944. The most upregulated mRNAs in H2 were C15orf48, PSG2, and PSG8, while the most downregulated ones were CALCB, CD81, CD24, TSPAN8, and SOST. Among them, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8 were found highly expressed in high lung metastatic potential HCC cells, while lowly expressed in no or low lung metastatic potential HCC cells. RP5-1014O16.1 was highly expressed in high lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines, while lowly expressed in no lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines. Conclusions: We provide the first detailed description of lncRNA expression profiles related to organ-specific metastasis in HCC. We demonstrated that a large number of lncRNAs may play important roles in driving HCC cells to metastasize to different sites; these lncRNAs may provide novel molecular biomarkers and offer a new basis for combating metastasis in HCC cases.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 1995

Modern geography in France since the end of 19th century was begun with regional geography. France after losing the Franco-Prussian war in 1871 had tried to regain the deteriorated national proudness through the colonial expansion. The social and historical contexts in France had encouraged French geographers to engage in detailed small area studies. In particular, after Blache became a faculty at Sorbonne University his idea on integrative rather than selective description on area studies had gained paradigmatic popularity not only in geography but in other disciplines. The regional geography tradition was then firmly established as a science and as an art by Vidalian school until the beginning of Second World War. However, when industrialization and urbanization were the dominant science since the 1950s spatial analytic geography has become popular research tradition replacing the previledged regional geography. Nevertheless, geography in France is still acknowledged as an interesting and valuable discipline since regional geography tradition had accumulated rich knowledges on various regions. As regional geography provides valuable information and helps to understand various world regions, it should be regenerated as a research tradition which are able to fulfill societal needs accruing nowadays. By doing this, geography can rectify its disciplinary identity which has been disintegrated internally by giving too much emphasis on specialties, and melding into nearby disciplines. Our geography education for the chorography in particular focuses mainly on the listings of simple geographic facts, in this regard. Rather than attracting students' concern and motivation, geography is considered as a subject oriented toward simply memorizing geographic facts. To overcome these problems, regional geography should be discussed openly and popularized in research. Regional geographic methods available and results produced in other countries should be introduced, and critical assessments should be made for selective acknowledgment for nurturing our regional geography.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

This study investigated realism sceneries shown in animation movies of auteurism. Although animation has properties of mechanical images arranged by short cuts, it essentially starts with the images dealing with space art based on the consciousness of an author. In this aspect, sceneries of animation movies can be the most proper subject for study from the viewpoint of image. Generally, sceneries of animation movies maintain the neutral position as a stage setting for story. However, as for auteurism animation, the sceneries have subjective meaning as major media to express the work or the vision and value of the author on the world. The representative animation movies that reflect the role and meaning of realism sceneries among auteurism animations are and . The former shows Korean sceneries and the latter presents local sceneries of Japan quite well. Reviewing the characteristics of sceneries shown in two movies, the sceneries of are the discovery of internal consciousness of the author that signifies pure innocence of childhood into the voice of nature through the style of the author. Meanwhile, sceneries of adopted nature landscape surrealistically based on the internal consciousness of the author and described the forest as the absolute utopia of the author. As such, the sceneries shown in two movies were utilized as the "framework of thought" of the authors that intensify the viewpoint of the movies on the world through empirical interpretation and detailed description of neutral landscape based on internal consciousness of the authors.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2012

A comparative study of the petiole anatomy in the tribes Forsythieae (Abeliophyllum, Forsythia) and Fontanesieae (Fontanesia), including one related genus Myxopyrum belonging to Myxopyreae, was carried out using light microscopy. The anatomical characteristics of the distal, medial and proximal parts of the petiole were studied to document any differences. We are described in detail based on their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Three crystal types (acicular, druse, and prismatic crystals) were found in both Fontanesia and Myxopyrum within all of the studied taxa. Uni-cellular non-glandular trichomes were found in Abeliophyllum and three Forsythia taxa (F. europaea, F. giraldiana, and F. japonica). All features were compared and the vascular patterns of the petiole were distinguished in two types: Type 1A: Trace continuous arc - without crystals (Abeliophyllum, Forsythia), 1B: with crystals (Myxopyrum), Type 2: Trace invaginating at ends with crystals (Fontanesia). A detailed anatomical description of the studied taxa is provided, and its systematic importance is also briefly discussed. In conclusion, some petiole anatomical characteristics (e.g., the main vascular patterns, the presence/absence of crystals) can be useful for diagnostic features as well as partly for supporting the recently proposed molecular phylogeny.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

The Comprehensive Assistive Technology services delivery was devised to describe the full social and engineering context of assistive technology devices, systems, applications, and provision. It is based on a detailed decomposition of the four attributes: Person, Context, Activities, and Assistive Technology. The paper commences will a brief discussion of the different representations of the services delivery, including rental of devices, modification of manufacture goods and customized production and the use of engineering to supplement some elements of the description. The main contribution of the paper is the presentation of two case studies of different applications of the assistive technology services. These are the identification of accessibility barriers, the analysis and synthesis of assistive technology systems and the provision of a framework for identitying end-user requirements, providing assistive technology and assessing the associated outcomes. This case study involves the presentation of the concept of a personal assistive technology profile.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.491-498
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• 2018

The cost evaluation for voyage route planning in an ice-covered sea is one of the major topics among ship owners. Information of the ice properties, such as ice type, concentration of ice, ice thickness, strength of ice, and speed-power relation under ice conditions are important for determining the optimal route in ice and low operational cost perspective. To determine achievable speed at any designated pack ice condition, a model test of resistance, self-propulsion, and overload test in ice and ice-free water were carried out in a KRISO ice tank and towing tank. The available net thrust for ice and an estimation of the ice resistance under any pack ice condition were also performed by I-RES. The in-house code called 'I-RES', which is an ice resistance estimation tool that applies an empirical formula, was modified for the pack ice module in this study. Careful observations of underwater videos of the ice model test made it possible to understand the physical phenomena of underneath of the hull bottom surface and determine the coverage of buoyancy. The clearing resistance of ice can be calculated by subtracting the buoyance and open water resistance form the pre-sawn ice resistance. The model test results in pack ice were compared with the calculation results to obtain a correlation factor among the pack ice resistance, ice concentration, and ship speed. The resulting correlation factors were applied to the calculation results to determine the pack ice resistance under any pack ice condition. The pack ice resistance under the arbitrary pack ice condition could be estimated because software I-RES could control all the ice properties. The available net thrust in ice, which is the over thrust that overcomes the pack ice resistance, will change the speed of a ship according to the bollard pull test results and thruster characteristics (engine & propulsion combination). The attainable speed at a certain ice concentration of pack ice was determined using the interpolation method. This paper reports a procedure to determine the attainable speed in pack ice and the sample calculation using the Araon vessel was performed to confirm the entire process. A more detailed description of the determination of the attainable speed is described. The attainable speed in 1.0 m, 90% pack ice and 540 kPa strength was 13.3 knots.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

The west seacoast has approximately 83% of tidal flat in Korea. Gyeonggi-do and Inchon has 35.1%. This study was carried out to understand depositional environment and properties of tidal deposits that distributed in the Gyeonggi bay. On the basis of observation and description on mineralogical, geochemical, physical properties, detailed sedimentary unit has been respectively distinguished Based on. stratigraphic position, facies and unconformity, the intertidal zones are classified into four sedimentary units, and bedrock over the units has been developed in the order of Unit 4${\rightarrow}$Unit 3${\rightarrow}$Unit 2${\rightarrow}$Unit 1. The intertidal sediment deposits of Gyeonggi Bay were compared with those of west coast. In Cheongra area all strata of Unit 4-Unit 3-Unit 2-Unit 1 appear. In Yeongjong-do Unit 2-Unit 1, in Incheon Bridge and Songdo area Unit 4-Unit 3-Unit 1 are observed. In Daesan area Unit 4-Unit 3-Unit 1 are observed. Average clay mineral content ratio is 8.2% in Cheongra area, 2.9% in Yeongjong Island, 18.4% in Incheon Bridge, 24.6% in Songdo area.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.151-169
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• 2007

The "Tai Su(太素)" which was published by Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) during the Tang(唐) dynasty does not follow complicating hand down procedures allowing it to be preserved in a relatively satisfactory state, and the book is evaluated as a major article in the study of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)" in the modern age. The book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" offers the detailed description of disease symptoms found in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)", and Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) provided relatively complete explanations from the perspective of the wane and wax of shadow and sunshine powers(陰陽消長). The present writing was projected to acknowledge the relationship between the books of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" and "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" and substantially attempted to understand the original text of the "Tai Su(太素)" by adopting the perspectives of Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) in explaining the disease symptoms as he attempted in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)". Total 50 disease symptoms were explained in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)", and 33 of them are common to the symptoms described in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" by taking up about 66% of the book. The monthly attachment(月別配屬) of three shadow and three sunshine power(三陰三陽), which is described in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" provides an important clue in understanding the exterior and interior(表裏) relationship, and the crucial perspective lies on the mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers. Therefore, the monthly attachment of three shadow and three sunshine power provided by the present article helps to understand the meaning of the three shadow and three sunshine power along with the time attachment(時間配屬) described in the other chapter of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)". In the method of explaining pathogenesis, the explanation was made by understanding the perspective of mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers, and exterior and interior relationship along with the channel Path(經脈流注) have been used simultaneously. In the comment of the main article, Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) stated the channels of hands and feet(手足經脈) as the scope of the three shadow and three sunshine power, but the symptoms and signs are mainly focused on the channels of feet as in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)".

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.18
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• pp.27-62
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• 2002

The international sale contract is the central contracts in export-import transactions. A good sale contract or set of general conditions of sale will cover all the principal elements of the transaction, so that uncertainties are avoided. The parties' respective duties as concern the payment mechanism, transport contract and insurance responsibilities, inter alia, will all be clearly detailed in the contract. The following key clauses should be included in international contracts of sale and general conditions of sale: ${\bullet}$ preamble ${\bullet}$ identification of parties ${\bullet}$ description of goods ${\bullet}$ price and payment conditions ${\bullet}$ delivery periods and conditions ${\bullet}$ inspection of the goods - obligations and limitations ${\bullet}$ quantity or quality variations in the products delivered ${\bullet}$ reservation of title and passing of property rights ${\bullet}$ transfer of risk - how accomplished ${\bullet}$ seller's warranties and buyer's complaints ${\bullet}$ assignment of rights ${\bullet}$ force majeure clause and hardship clause ${\bullet}$ requirement that amendments and modifications be in writing ${\bullet}$ choice of law ${\bullet}$ choice of dispute resolution mechanism Under most systems of law, a party can be excused from a failure to perform a contract obligation which is caused by the intervention of a totally unforeseeable event, such as the outbreak of war, or an act of God such as an earthquake or hurricane. Under the American commercial code (UCC) the standard for this relief is one of commercial impracticability. In contrast, many civil law jurisdictions apply the term force majeure to this problem. Under CISG, the standard is based on the concept of impediments to performance. Because of the differences between these standards, parties might be well advised to draft their own force majeure, hardship, or excusable delays clause. The ICC publication, "Force Majeure and Hardship" provides a sample force majeure clause which can be incorporated by reference, as well as a hardship clause which must be expressly integrated in the contract. In addition, the ICC Model provides a similar, somewhat more concise formulation of a force majeure clause. When the seller wishes to devise his own excusable delays clause, he will seek to anticipate in its provision such potential difficulties as those related to obtaining government authorisations, changes in customs duties or regulations, drastic fluctuations in labour, materials, energy, or transportation prices, etc.