• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to test the effects of ST35 & Sulan moxibustion on knee joint pain, range of motion, and discomfort during Activies of Daily Living (ADL) in elderly with knee joint pain. Method: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test research design was used. Thirty four elderly who had knee joint pain were studied. Of them, sixteen were in the experimental group and eighteen the control group. The instruments used for this study were NRS, goniometer, and a modified ADL questionnaire developed by Lee. Result: The pain scores of right & left knee joint after moxibustion were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group (Right: F=26.27, p=0.000, Left: F=20.77, p=0.000). Right and left knee ROM scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after moxibustion (Right: F=10.74, p=0.003, Left: F=9.239, p=0.005). Discomfort during ADL scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after moxibustion (F= 32.31, p=0.000). Conclusion: It is necessary that nurses provide the elderly with knee joint pain with moxibustion to reduce joint pain and to increase knee ROM as an alternative therapy.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are commonly used techniques to evaluate the flow characteristics in the development stage of blood pumps. CFD technique allows rapid change to pump parameters to optimize the pump performance without having to construct a costly prototype model. These techniques are used in the construction of a bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD) which combines the functions of LVAD and RVAD in a compact unit. The BVAD construction consists of two separate chambers with similar impellers, volutes, inlet and output sections. To achieve the required flow characteristics of an average flow rate of 5 l/min and different pressure heads (left - 100mmHg and right - 20mmHg), the impellers were set at different rotating speeds. From the CFD results, a six-blade impeller design was adopted for the development of the BVAD. It was also observed that the fluid can flow smoothly through the pump with minimum shear stress and area of stagnation which are related to haemolysis and thrombosis. Based on the compatible Reynolds number the flow through the model was calculated for the left and the right pumps. As it was not possible to have both the left and right chambers in the experimental model, the left and right pumps were tested separately.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.912-918
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• 2011

In this paper, a composite right-/left-handed(CRLH) rectangular waveguide satisfying a balanced condition above the cut-off frequency is presented. The proposed structure consists of one shorted stub and two twisted H-plane irises which produce an effectively negative permeability and permittivity, respectively. The CRLH structure can independently control the series and shunt resonance frequencies of a CRLH transmission line which determine the left-handed(LH) and right-handed(RH) bands due to a minimized coupling between a shorted stub and twisted H-plane irises. Thus, the design of the CRLH waveguide satisfying a balanced condition is possible. To analyze the CRLH structure, a crossly connected equivalent circuit is derived. The simulated and measured results confirm that the proposed CRLH waveguide has a transmission property without a band gap among the LH and RH bands.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.64
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• pp.39-64
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• 2014

The object of International License Contract is technology. Technology is means to produce visible goods, which are human's intellectual creations such as Intellectual Property Right - patent, design, trademark- and Know-how. Unlike visible goods which decrease as being used, these technologies are possible to be produced expansively and develop additionally. Therefore, the way to make a contract of goods is a sales contract which transfers ownership while technology follows license contract which gives approval of use for a certain period. International license contract means that licensor has right to possess, allows licensee to use licensed technology for a fixed period and takes royalty. So there are various matters such as selection of the duration of a contract, confirmation of technology range, competition limitation, technique guidance and support, calculation of royalty, withholding tax between parties. This study examines licensor's grant of license and competition limitation. Intellectual property rights fundamentally give exclusive rights to the creator so the licensor use or dispose of his or her intellectual property rights at will. Technology transfer is possible through license contract because of this right. But licensor must exercise his or her intellectual property rights within a reasonable limit. It means, when licensor makes an unreasonable demand abusing his or her position, it is regarded as competition limitation clause and the deal itself may become null. Therefore, restraint on competition needs to be examined in detail as it influences on contract validity. Each country has their own competition laws for establishing a fair market order and inspection guide and guideline for judging whether there is any unfair act related to intellectual property rights. Judgment on intellectual property rights is subject the technology-introduced country's domestic laws and thus, contracting parties each need to precede opposite nation's domestic laws system.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

This paper proposes a method to improve the left right discrimination performance by eliminating the imaginary target based on the frequency features of the beam pattern for bow array. The beamwidth of the imaginary target is wider than that of the real target. If an azimuth axis is considered as a time axis, the real and the imaginary targets can be assumed as high and low frequencies, respectively. To eliminate the imaginary target which has a low frequency component, we design a cut-off frequency of the High Pass Filter (HPF) using the back-lobe imaginary beamwidth. The real target is estimated by eliminating the imaginary target by applying HPF to the entire power of the beamformer output. Computer simulations show that the proposed method can increase the left right discrimination performance above 8 dB on average.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

Objective : Qigong has been reported as an effective for post-mastectomy women. It consists of a series of postures combined with slow, smooth, graceful movements, and is considered a low intensity exercise. In this study, a specialist of Qigong developed a Qigong program for post-mastectomy women in a community. The object of this research is to evaluate the effect of Qigong on a subjective symptom scale, on the grade of discomfort and pain in everyday life, BMI, fat(%), muscular strength, shoulder joint movement, in post-mastectomy women. Methods : The study used a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. The experimental group received a Qigong 3 times a week for 12 weeks from September 7th to December 28th in 2009. The subjects were 40 patients are divided into 25 persons in experimental groups and 15 persons in contrastive group. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test. A P-value less than .05 was considered significant by 2-tailed test. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS win(ver 12.0). Results : The results were as follows : The score in the subjective symptom(p=.040), and score of anxiety (p=.024), fat(%)(p=.007) were significantly decreased after Qigong program. The values for shoulder flexibility (left : p=.010, right : p=.008), and Muscular strength(grip power)(left : p=.021, right : p=.029) significantly increased after Qigong program. And Flexion(left ; p=.029), Extension(left : p=.001, right : p=.038), Adduction(left ; p=.001, right ; p<0.001) were also significantly increased after Qigong Conclusions : The Qigong is an effective health promotion program for post-mastectomy women.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2008

Purpose: There has been a need to integrating the self-help program for arthritis with the Tai Chi for arthritis(SHTCA). The purpose of this study was to develop and to examine the effect of SHTCA for arthritis applying the nine movement Tai Chi. Method: This study was designed the pre-post test, quasi-experimental design. A total 47 participants were recruited in W-city in Korea, an experimental group(26) and a control group(21) at pre-test, but after the eight weeks the composition of the groups were changed to 22 experimental group and 15 control group. The experimental group participated in the SHTCA once a week for eight weeks. SHTCA program consisted of understanding of the arthritis, contracting of the promise, exercise for muscle strength and joint flexibility and the nine movements of Tai Chi exercise. The measures used to examine the effect of the SHTCA were shoulder flexibility, back flexibility, grasping power, balance, abdominal obesity rates, perception of health status, and EQ-5D standardized five dimensions, mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Results: At The completion of the eight weeks of SHTCA applying the nine movement Tai Chi, the experimental group reported a significance in a number of variables compared to those of the control group: the right shoulder flexibility(p=.018), left shoulder flexibility(p=.031), right grasping power(p=.014), left grasping power(p=.024), the perception of health status(p=.005) and abdominal obesity rates(p=.027). Conclusion: This SHTCA applying the nine movement Tai Chi would be helpful on right shoulder flexibility, left shoulder flexibility, right grasping power, left grasping power, abdominal obesity rates and the perception of health status for arthritis patients.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2023

In the path traveling of differential-drive robots, the steering controller plays an important role in determining the path-following performance. When a robot with a pure-pursuit algorithm is used to continuously drive a right-angled driving path in an unstructured environment without turning in place, the robot cannot accurately follow the right-angled path and stops driving due to the ground and motor load caused by turning. In the case of pure-pursuit, only the current robot position and the steering angle to the current target path point are generated, and the steering component does not reflect the speed plan, which requires improvement for precise path following. In this study, we propose a driving algorithm for differentially driven robots that enables precise path following by planning the driving speed using the radius of curvature and fusing the planned speed with the steering angle of the existing pure-pursuit controller, similar to the Model Predict Control control that reflects speed planning. When speed planning is applied, the robot slows down before entering a right-angle path and returns to the input speed when leaving the right-angle path. The pure-pursuit controller then fuses the steering angle calculated at each path point with the accelerated and decelerated velocity to achieve more precise following of the orthogonal path.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical resistance of four different osteosyntheses modeled in two different sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) designs and to determine the linear loading in a universal testing machine. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experiment was conducted with 40 polyurethane hemimandibles. The samples were divided into two groups based on osteotomy design; Group I, right angles between osteotomies and Group II, no right angles between osteotomies. In each group, the hemimandibles were distributed into four subgroups according to the osteosynthesis method, using one 4-hole 2.0 mm conventional or locking plate, with or without one bicortical screw with a length of 12.0 mm (hybrid technique). Each subgroup contained five samples and was subjected to a linear loading test in a universal testing machine. Results: The peak load and peak displacement were compared for statistical significance using PASW Statistics 18.0 (IBM Co., USA). In general, there was no difference between the peak load and peak displacement related to osteotomy design. However, when the subgroups were compared, the osteotomy without right angles offered higher mechanical resistance when one conventional or locking 2.0 mm plate was used. One locking plate with one bicortical screw showed higher mechanical resistance ($162.72{\pm}42.55N$), and these results were statistically significantly compared to one conventional plate with monocortical screws (P=0.016) and one locking plate with monocortical screws (P=0.012). The difference in peak displacement was not statistically significant based on osteotomy design or internal fixation system configuration. Conclusion: The placement of one bicortical screw in the distal region promoted better stabilization of SSRO. The osteotomy design did not influence the mechanical behavior of SSRO when the hybrid technique was applied.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2015

Acceleration of the fashion cycle has caused problems of environmental pollution because consumers made a lot of waste of clothes. To solve them, upcycle design has been uprised. This study researched the present condition through recent cases of upcycle design. The standard of collected cases is focused on used products which was already run out once and then has been recreated by being recreated with new design. Through this study, there is a purpose to provide solution of environmental pollutions and a right direction of upcycle fashion design. Collected cases are classified into five production methods. First method is Melting and Compressing, which it melts or compresses materials. Second method is Gathering and Combining, which it gathers or combines each different materials. Third method is Cutting and Dividing, which it cuts or divides products materials. Fourth method is Mixing and Changing, which it mixes materials, adds design elements, and changes of purpose. Final things are classified with multiplicatively used factors which are already divided.