• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Mitochondria are important sensor of apoptosis. $H_2O_2-induced$ cell death rate was enhanced by serum deprivation. In this study, we investigated whether serum deprivation using 0.5 or 3 % FBS induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial enzyme activation as compared to 10 % FBS. Apoptotic cell death was observed by chromosome condensation and the increase of sub-G0/G1 population. Serum deprivation reduced cell growth rate, which was confirmed by the decrease of S-phase population in cell cycle. Serum deprivation significantly increased caspase-9 activity and cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol. Serum deprivation-induced mitochondrial changes were also indicated by the increase of ROS production and the activation of mitochondrial enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrial enzyme activity increased by serum deprivation was reduced by the treatment with rotenone, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor. In conclusion, serum deprivation induced mitochondrial apoptotic cell death through the elevation of mitochondrial changes such as ROS production, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. It suggests that drug sensitivity could be enhanced by the increase of mitochondrial enzyme activity in serum-deprived condition.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 2014

The effects of food deprivation and feeding ratio on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated in 810 juvenile fish averaging 6.4 g in weight randomly distributed in 27 400-L flow-through tanks. A 3 [food deprivation: 8-week feeding without food deprivation (8W), 7-week feeding after 1-week food deprivation (7W) and 6-week feeding after 2-week food deprivation (6W)]${\time}3$ (feeding ratio: 100%, 95% and 90% of satiation, hereafter denoted by 100, 95 and 90, respectively) factorial design was applied. The weight gain of the fish was significantly affected by both food deprivation and feeding ratio. The weight gain of the fish under the 8W-100 treatment was higher than that of those under the 7W-95, 7W-90, 6W-100, 6W-95 and 6W-90 treatments, but did not differ from those of fish under the 8W-95, 8W-90 and 7W-100 treatments. The specific growth rate (SGR) and the feed intake of the fish were affected by both food deprivation and feeding ratio. However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was unaffected by both food deprivation and feeding ratio. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was affected by the feeding ratio, but not by food deprivation. The protein retention (PR) was affected by food deprivation, but not by feeding ratio. Juvenile olive flounder subjected to 1-week food deprivation at 100% satiation (7W-100 treatment) achieved full compensatory growth.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.231-247
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• 2019

This research aims to examine whether depression has mediating effects in the effects of socioeconomic deprivation, especially of lower variables of socioeconomic deprivation on life satisfaction of the elderly. For this purpose, the 12th year(2017) data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study were used. The mediated effect analysis method of Baron and Kenny(1986) were used, and mediating effect of depression was validated through Sobel Test. The results of this research are as follows. Firstly, the lower variables of socioeconomic deprivation of the elderly -deprivation of housing, deprivation of dietary life, social deprivation, deprivation of employment, and deprivation of healthcare- had partial mediating effects of depression in life satisfaction. It was verified that as the elderly experienced deprivation of housing, deprivation of dietary life, social deprivation, deprivation of employment and deprivation of healthcare, depression increased and life satisfaction was lowered. Therefore, it was suggested that to enhance the living satisfactions of the elderly, policies and services reflecting the personal characteristics of socioeconomic deprivation and depression must be made, and that criteria to identify the multidimensional poverty and deprivation experienced in everyday life must be prepared in addition to poverty focusing on income.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1462-1469
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to confirm what effect HRHDT treatment had on cell extinction by damage of endoplasmic reticulum induced to PC-12 cell damage by glucose deprivation. The study confirmed what effect it had on forming the condition of glucose deprivation within a culture fluid of PC-12 cell and on a nerve cell's survival rates and tested whether HRHDT could prevent extinction of PC-12 cell by glucose deprivation. Also, the study confirmed what effect HRHDT treatment had on the emitted quantity of LDH by glucose deprivation. To examine PC-12 cell's behavioral change under the condition of glucose deprivation and a protective effect of HRHDT on the change, the study observed PC-12 cell's behavioral change with a microscope. Also, the study confirmed density of calcium ion within cells followed by a culture time in the condition of glucose deprivation with FACS and confirmed what effect HRHDT treatment had on the above density of calcium ion within cells. Finally, the study carried out the western blot and confirmed what effect HRHDT treatment had on revelation of GRP 78 and CHOP protein and a segmental type of aspase 12. In this study, HRHDT rescued PC-12 cells from glucose deprivation-induced cell death. HRHDT also prevents the LDH release, Ca++ accumulation, and morphological change, which was associated with the ER stress. Furthermore, HRHDT reduced the expression of ER chaperone (Grp78 and CHOP) proteins by glucose deprivation in PC-12 cells. These results suggest that HRHDT might provide a useful therapeutic strategy in treatment of the neurodegenerative diseases caused by glucose deprivation injuries.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 1998

During cerebral ischemia two important factors such as hypoxia and reduction of glucose can act as modulating stressor affecting the release of amine neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This study was performed to investigate the effect of glucose deprivation on the oxygen deprivation-induced changes of [3H]-5-HT release in the rat hippocampal slices. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups for this study: normoxic/normoglycemic group, oxygen-deprived group, glucose-deprived group, and oxygen/glucose-deprived group. The hippocampus of rat brain was sliced by 400 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness with manual chopper. After 30 minutes preincubation in the normal buffer, the slices were incubated for 20 min in buffer containing [3H]-5-HT (0.1 M, 74 $\mu\textrm$Ci) for uptake. To measure the release of [3H]-5-HT into the buffer, the incubation medium was drained of and refilled with fresh buffer every ten minutes through a sequence of 14 tubes. Oxygen deprivation by gassing with 95% $N_2$/5% $CO_2$ and/or glucose deprivation was done in the 6th and 7th tube. The radioactivities in each buffer and the tissue were counted using scintillation counter. The results were expressed as fractional release. When slices were exposed to oxygen-deprived media for 20 min, the diminution followed by the rebound release of [3H]-5-HT was observed during the post-oxygen deprived period. However, glucose deprivation or oxygen/glucose deprivation markedly increased the release of [3H]-5-HT. which was opposite to the pattern observed in oxygen-deprived group. These results suggested that oxygen deprivation itself inhibits [3H]-5-HT release in rat hippocampal slices during oxygen-deprived period, but additional glucose deprivation convert the inhibitory response to increase of [3H]-5-HT release.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

Objectives Sleep is fundamental to maintaining homeostatic control and has behavioral and psychological effects on humans. To better understand the function and pathophysiology of sleep, specific gene expressions in reference to sleep deprivation have been studied. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after sleep deprivation to better understand the functional consequence of sleep. Methods In eight healthy men, 24 h sleep deprivation was induced. Blood was sampled at 14:00, before and after sleep deprivation. mRNA was isolated and analyzed via microarrays. cDNAs before and after sleep deprivation were coupled to Cy3 or Cy5, respectively, and normalized cDNAs were selected with a ratio greater than two as a significant gene. Results are expressed as mean. Results Among 41174 transcripts, 38852 genes were selected as reliable, and only a small minority (< 1%) of the genes were up-or down-regulated. Total six and eleven genes were selected as significant upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O was most upregulated (6.9-fold), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5-like protein showed the most substantial inhibition (0.06-fold). Conclusions This study showed significant associations between sleep deprivation and the immune system. Acute sleep deprivation affects pathways in proinflammatory cytokines as well as metabolic pathways of glutamate and purine, neurotransmitters related to sleep and wake cycle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2004

The purpose of this experiment was to study the feeding behavior and running speed under various feed deprivation lengths and social environments. Three trials were conducted. Trial 1: ten pigs were trained individually to run a course and eat their feed at the end of the course. The pigs were deprived feed for 1, 5, 10 or 20 h. Trial 2: 1. Two pigs ran and ate together. Both pigs had 5 h of feed deprivation before the run (D5). 2. Two pigs ran and ate alone, but both pigs had 5 h of feed deprivation before the run (S5). 3. Two pigs ran and ate together. Both had 1 h of feed deprivation before the run (D1). 4. Two pigs ran and ate alone and both pigs had 1 h of feed deprivation before the run (S1). 5. Two pigs ran together, one had 5 h of feed deprivation, and the other had 1 h of feed deprivation before the run (51). Trial 3: 1. On the 1st day 5 pairs of pigs had 5 h feed deprivation and could eat feed together at (B) point (D1). 2. On the 2nd day the pigs ran and ate alone at (B) point after 5 h of feed deprivation. Feed was obtainable (D2). On the 3rd to 6th days, the pigs ran in pairs after 5 h of feed deprivation and only the dominant pig ate feed at point (B). The inferior pig was chased back to room and fed there. This stage was continued for four consecutive days, d 3 to 6. In trial 1, the running speed of pigs increased with the length of feed deprivation until 10 h, then being stable afterwards. Total feeding time increased with the length of feed deprivation (p<0.001). Eating speed did not increase with the length of feed deprivation (p>0.05). In trial 2, nine of ten pigs in treatment D5 ran faster than those in S5. Seven of the ten pigs in treatment S1 ran faster than those in treatment D1. The pigs in treatment D5 had significantly higher feed intake (p<0.001) and eating speed (p<0.05) than the pigs in other treatments. In trial 3, there were significant differences on running speed between D1 and D6 (p<0.01) and between D2 and D1, D3, D4 and D5. The inferior pig ran faster in D2 but from 3 to 6 it was the dominant pig that showed the greatest speed in completing the whole course. The results demonstrated that the pigs with low feeding motivation may cause low running speed to feed and low feed intake of the neighbor when compared with pigs kept individually.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

Purpose : The goal of this descriptive research study was to identify the relationship between t relative deprivation, absolute deprivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support of university students and their show-off behavior on social network services (SNSs), as well as to identify the influencing factors. Methods : The research tools consisted of 8 items for general characteristics, a measure of deprivation (9 items for relative deprivation and 8 items for absolute deprivation), 15 items for show-off behavior on SNSs, 10 items for self-esteem, 25 items for social support, and 20 items for self-efficacy. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program for the descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results : The results showed relative deprivation (B=.102, t=4.060, p<.001) was the most important factor in show-off behavior on SNSs for university students. Furthermore, social support (B=-.178, t=-3.099, p=.002), absolute deprivation (B=-.175, t=-4.284, p<.001), and self-esteem (B=-.212, t=-2.490, p=.014) accounted for 21.5% of the explanatory power (F=14.215, p<.001). Conclusion : The study findings revealed that relative deprivation is the most important factor in the show-off behavior of university students on SNSs. Social support, absolute deprivation, and self-esteem were also identified as factors that affect their show-off behavior on such services. This study aims to contribute to the effective program progress by providing basic data for the development of the show-off behavior on SNSs intervention and prevention programs to reduce the side effects of various the show-off behaviors on SNSs of university students.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 2002

Objective : To investigate the relationships of occupational class, educational level and deprivation with mortality in Korea Methods : This study used existing South Korean national data on occupation, educational level, and deprivation and death. Mortality was investigated using registered death data from 1993 to 1997 obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office (NSO) with denominators drawn from the 1995 Census. Statistical analysis consisted of poisson regression modeling and multilevel analysis. Results : The lower occupational class (manual workers) group had a higher mortality rate than the higher occupational class (non-manual workers) group Educational level, and deprivation were both inversely related withand mortality. Occupation was strongly associated with education. Area-based deprivation indicators and individual indices for social class made an independent contribution to the mortality risk. Conclusions : The findings of this study suggests that the relationships of occupational class, educational level and deprivation with mortality appears to be stronger in Korea than in European countries.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the perception of Korean and Taiwanese young women's clothing deprivation and clothing decision factors. The study used a convenience sample consisting of 238 female college students: 101 Korean with a mean age of 20.78 and 137 Taiwanese with a mean age of 21.03. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 14.0 for windows was used for the data analysis. The clothing decision criteria and clothing deprivation scale were used for the study. The Koreans chose both brand name and newest fashion as higher criteria than Taiwanese. Both countries chose fit (4.28/ 4.09) as an important factor of how often they think about things when they decide what clothes to wear. Compared to Korean women, clothing deprivation for clothes for school was twice as high among Taiwanese women. Korean women had relatively low percentage of clothing deprivation for clothing for school and for friends. However, they did have higher clothing deprivation for dress-up clothes.