• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.12 no.1_2
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 1978

The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of ethanol extracts of acorn (QAEE) on arterial blood Pressure and respiration, to find out the mechanism of depressor activity of QAEE,. add to determine lethal dosages of QAEE in rabbits and dogs. The results obtained were as follows: 1) After administration of 20 mg/Kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg of QAEE into rabbits the maximum depressor responses observed were respectively $16.3{\pm}1.4\;mmHg$, $28.7{\pm}2.0\;mmHg$ and $45.6{\pm}3.1\;mmHg$, while mean depressor responses following administration of 40mg/kg, 60mg/kg and 80mg/kg of QAEE into dogs were $32.2{\pm}1.6\;mmHg$, $39.5{\pm}1.5\;mmHg$, and $47.0{\pm}1.6\;mmHg$ respectively 2) Genenally depressor responses increased in proportion to dosage of QAEE administered whereas at same dosage of QAEE depressor responses were greater in rabbit than in dog. 3) It is suggested that depressor activity of QAEE resides mostly in its activity to activate vagus nerves and partly in Its activity to block beta-rceptors. 4) The lethal dosages of QAEE were 50 mg/kg to 60mg/kg for rabbi hue 90mg/kg to 100 mg/kg for dogs. 5) After QAEE administration respiratory rates were generally increased in the rabbit and the dog.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.13 no.1_2
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 1979

The present study was undertaken to investigate effect of water extracts of the mulberry leaves (MWE) on arterial blood pressure and respiration in cats. And also studied were depressor responses to intravenously administered MWE in the animals pretreated separately with atropine(2.5 mg/kg), propranolol(2 mg/kg), dibenamine (15 mg/kg), and hexamethonium (1.5 mg/kg) in order to find out the mechanism of depressor activity of MWE. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Following intravenous administration of 0.25 ml/kg and 0.5 ml/kg of MWE into the cat the maximum depressor responses observed were $60.2{\pm}2.3\;mmHg$ and $72.3{\pm}1.7\;mmHg$ respectively. 2) Since depressor responses to intravenously administered MWE were partially inhibited by hexamethonium and markedly by atropine, it is strongly suggested that depressor activity of MWE mainly results from its vagal effects. 3) After administration of MWE respiratory rate was invariably increased following a short period of apnea.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.422-429
• /
• 1992

The effect of various water-activity depressors, such as pol yo Is, sugars, and polymers, on the conversion yields of the enzymatic synthesis of maltosyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin from $\beta$-cyc1odextrin and maltose through reverse reaction of pullulanase was investigated. PEG 6000 of concentration of 10% (w/w) was found to be the most acceptable water-activity depressor resulting for increment of conversion yield from 43.0% to 55.9%, corresponding maltosyl-$\beta$-cyc1odextrin concentration of 3.02 g/100 ml H20. Water activity was changed from initial 0.966 to 0.914 upon addition of 20% (w/w) of PEG 6000. The conversion yields were inversely proportional to the water activities, and the increased conversion yield was caused by water activity depression which inhibited the hydrolysis reaction of maltosyl-$\beta$-CD to maltose and $\beta$-cyc1odextrin. The changes of enthalpy ($\Delta$H), entropy ($\Delta$S), and Gibbs free energy ($\Delta$G) were calculated to be 36.788 kJ/mole, 0.067 kJ/mole K. and 14.433 kJ/mole, respectively. The synthesis of maltosyl-$\beta$-CD could be increased substantially by the intermittent feeding of $\beta$-cyclodextrin. PEG 6000 could be separated effectively from reaction mixture using ultrafiltration membrane for reutilization.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 1982

The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of Perillae Folium juice on the respiration and blood pressure in cats. Also studied was the mechanism of depressor action of PFJ. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Following administration of 0.2 ml/kg, 0.4 ml/kg and 0.6 ml/kg PFJ into cats the maximum depressor responses observed were 48.5+3.6 mmHg, 56.8+4.3 mmHg and 71.1+2.9 mmHg respectively. 2) Depressor responses to PFJ were blocked makedly by atropine and partially by propranolol. Therefore it is strongly suggested that depressor action of PFJ results mainly from cholinergic effect and partly from activity of ${\beta}-receptor$. 3) After administration of PFJ into cats tachypnea preceded by a short period of apnea was observed invariably.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.30
• /
• pp.433-446
• /
• 1995

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of water extract and 70% ethanol extract from Gastrodiae Rhizoma on cardiovascular activities and plasma levels of catecholamines in unanaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. The depressor response in SHR was observed during three to six hour period after an oral administration of water extract from Gastrodiae Rhizoma(GR). There was a statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of the depressor response induced by an oral administration of water extract from GR and the initial control blood pressure level. The increase in blood pressure induced by norepinephrine was less in Wistar rat treated with GR water extract than those without GR extract. No significant change in heart rate was observed in SHR receiving either water extract or ethanol extract from GR. Associated with the depressor response, there was a concomitant reduction in plasma levels of norepinephrine in SHR at 4 hour after an oral administration of water extract from GR. Plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were decreased slightly at 2 hour after an oral administration of ethanol extract from GR. These results suggest that the depressor effect of water extract from GR may be due, in part, to a decreased sympathoadrenal activity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 1979

This study was attempted to investigate the pharmacological action, especially depressor action of Phellodendri cortex and to elucidate the mechanism of its action, making use of Phellodendri cortex methanol extract (PCME) because its hypotensive action is not clear. Influence of PCME on the blood pressure of the rabbits and cats were observed in this study. PCME, when given intravenously in the rabbits and cats, elicited the hypotensive action, but intraventricular PCME in the rabbits did not show depressor action. Accumulation and tachyphylaxis by PCME administered into the ear-vein of the rabbits were not shown. Depressor effect of PCME in the rabbits was attenuated significantly by pretreatment with phentolamine, guanethidine, chorisondamine and atropine, but not by propranolol, diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine and vagotomization. The pressor activity of angiotensin was unimpaired after injection of maximal hypotensive doses (100mg/kg) of PCME, but the pressor activity of norepinephrine and carotid occlusion was abolished markedly. In addition, PCME given into jugular vein of the cats weakened norepinephrine pressor responses and caused the reversal of epinephrine pressor responses. These results suggest that the hypotensive action of PCME may be due to dual mechanisms by interference with peripheral sympathetic function, alpha adrenoceptor blocking action, and peripheral parasympathomimetics action, muscarinic action.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 1980

Berberine, when administered into a ear-vein of the rabbit anesthetized with urethane, produced a long-lasting, dose related fall in blood pressure, but intraventricular berberline did not elicit the hypotensive response. This hypotensive activity of berberine was not influenced by pretreatment of vagotomization and atropine. Depressor responses induced by berberine were not impaired by diphenhydramine, chlorisondamine, guanethidine and propranolol, but reduced significantly by phentolamine pretreatment. Berberine attenuated markedly prossor responses of norepinephrine and epinephrine. These results suggest that berberine causes the hypotensive activity that is attributable to alpha adrenoceptor blockade, but not to a direct relaxant effect upon vascular smooth muscle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 1981

The wormwood is one of the plants which occur widely throughout the world. Though the precise data on the entire chemical composition of mugwort leaves are not available, the major principles which have been found so far include inulin, alkaloid, thujon, sesquiterpene and several vitamins. Santonin, a parasiticide, is one of the glucosides extracted from the limited species of wormwood. It has long been known in herb medicine that the plants of this family has not only strong hemostatic, analgesic and parasiticidal actions but also therapeutic effects for diarrhea, stomachache and asthma. In recent pharmaceutical botany the wormwood is introduced to have antipyretic and astringent actions also. The mugwort(Artemisia asiatica Nakai) is the most common species of wormwood that occurs in Korea. The usage of this edible leaves of mugwort is rather various. It is used not only for wormwood bath but also as forage, moxa and medicinal agents. Recently Kim et al reported from their study on the effect of mugwort on the motility of isolated intestine of rabbits that tonus and motility were markedly enhanced by mugwort but this effect of mugwort on intestinal motility was almost completely blocked by atropine suggesting that activity of mugwort was exerted through its cholinergic effect. It was the findings of Kim et al that prompted the authors to do the present experiment. The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of mugwort(Artemisia asiatica Nakai) juice on the respiration and blood pressure in cats. And also studied was the mechanism of depressor action of Artemisia asiatica Nakai Juice (AAJ). The results obtained are as follows; 1) It was observed that mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were decreased markedly by AAJ. Following administration of 0.15 ml/kg and 0.3 ml/kg AAJ into cats the maximum depressor responses observed were $77.5{\pm}2.2\;mmHg$ and $94.0{\pm}3.7\;mmHg$ respectively. 2) Depressor responses to AAJ were blocked markedly by atropine whereas the responses were not affected by propranolol and dibenamine. Therefore it is strongly inferred that depressor action of AAJ results mainly from its cholinergic effect. This inference was further substantiated by the fact that heart rate change which invariably accompanies depressor responses to AAJ was almost completely abolished by atropinization. 3) After administration of AAJ into cats frequency of respiration was markedly increased while depth of respiration decreased during first 2-3 seconds.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.31
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 1996

The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effect of Lycii Fructus water extracts on the blood pressure, plasma renin activity and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly after administration of Lycii Fructus water extracts. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was increased significantly after adminstration of Lycii Fructus water extracts. Plasma renin activity was not changed after adminstration of Lycii Fructus water extracts. Thease results suggested that the depressor response after adminstration of Lycii Fructus water extracts were related with the changes of the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1977

Diospyros Kaki Thunberg is the species of persimmon tree that grows in Korea. Although its fresh or dried fruits are often served as a desert, it has little been known if persimmon tree has any specific pharmacological action. The leaves and branches of persimmon tree has long been used as folk remedies for palsy and frostbite in the southern part of Korea and it is also in use for the treatment of hiccup and nocturnal enuresis in chinese herbal medicine. Recently it was reported that an intravenous administration of Diospyros Kaki Thunberg ethanol extract (KTEE) into the animals lowered arterial blood pressure. Lee concluded from his study on the mechanism of depressor action of KTEE that at least a part of depressor response he observed was caused by acetylcholine-like action of KTEE. On the other hand little study has been made on the effect of KTEE on the motility of isolated animal intestines. Therefore the present study was undertaken to investigate effect of KTEE and the mechanism of its action on the motility of isolated rabbit duodenum. Ethanol extract of Diospyros Kaki Thunberg was prepared by boiling 1 kg of dried branches of persimmon tree in 1 liter of ethanol and the motility of isolated rabbit duodenum was recorded on physiograph by means of force transducer connected with Magnus apparatus. Doses of KTEE used were $5{\times}10^{-4}gm/ml,\;1{\times}10^{-3}gm/ml,\;and\;2{\times}10^{-3}gm/ml$. And the isolated duodenum was separately pretreated with acetylcholine $(5{\times}10^{-7}gm/ml)$, pilocarpine $(2.5{\times}10^{-6}gm/ml)$, histamine $(5{\times}10^{-6}gm/ml)$ and barium chloride $(2.5{\times}10^{-5}gm/ml)$ in order to find out interactions of these drugs with KTEE. The results obtained are as follows: 1. At doses of $5{\times}10^{-4}gm/ml,\;1{\times}10^{-3}gm/ml$ KTEE reduced contractions of isolated duodenum, while tonus as well as contaction of duodenum were depressed with $2{\times}10^{-3}gm/ml$ of KTEE. 2. Since the inhibitory effect of KTEE on the intestinal motility was not blocked by pretreatment with acetylcholine, pilocarpine, and barium chloride, it was strongly suggested that the inhibitory action of KTEE on intestinal motility is mainly Caused by its antihistamine effect. 3. It is also concluded that the principal substance of KTEE responsible for inhibition of intestinal motility may also have a vasodilating activity and would not be an acetylcholine-like substance in case it is same substance as that cause depressor responses.