• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.493-505
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• 2013

We investigated the effect of red ginseng extracts on blood biochemical parameters, bone density and bone inorganic components etc. and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Test. In the results of our study, the level of albumin and HDL, Ca, P, Mg, and estradiol in blood, and the content of Ca, P, ash in femur were significantly increased in red ginseng treated group than in OVX group, and the level of ALP, AST, ALT, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, creatinine, osteocalcin, and N-terminal telopeptide were significantly decreased in red ginseng treated group than in OVX group (p < 0.01). From these results, we knew that within the normal level, red ginseng extracts improved liver and kidney function, component of glucose and lipid in blood, bone density, bone ash and inorganic components in femur, and index related with bone metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.673-679
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• 2011

Bimodal high-density polyethylenes with different comonomer type and content were synthesized by polymerization of ethylene using Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Their structure and properties were studied using GPC, NMR, DSC and tensile test. It was found that ethylene/1-hexene copolymer exhibits higher tensile strength and elongation at break than that of ethylene/1-butylene copolymer with similar comonomer content. The molecular weight decreases as the comonomer content of the polymer increases. Short chain branching affects the crystallinity and thus the morphology and consequently the mechanical properties of the corresponding bimodal high-density polyethylenes. After SSA treated, the multiple endothermic peaks were observed. Multiple endothermic peaks are mainly attributed to the heterogeneity of ethylene sequence length and lamellar thickness. The difference of broadness index indicates that SCB distribution of polyethylene containing higher comonomer content has improved uniformity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Trp64Arg polymorphism in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene and complex phenotypes such as blood pressure, body compositions and bone parameters in young men about 20 years, and to collect the fundamental data in designing the exercise program. Eighty healthy young men including 41 controls and 39 athletes were recruited, Trp64Arg polymorphism in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene was genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. By association study, there were no significance in genotype and allele frequencies of Trp64Arg polymorphism in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene between controls and athletes, respectively (p>0.05). When the relationship between physiological parameters and Trp64Arg polymorphism in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene was tested, this polymorphism was significantly associated with 3th lumber and left femoral neck Z-score values in controls (p<0.05), but these associations were not detected in athletic groups (p>0.05). It is likely that Trp64Arg polymorphism in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene is a genetic marker for the bone mineral density index in young men, but environmental factors such as exercise modify the significant effect of this polymorphism. Thus, our results suggest that Trp64Arg polymorphism in the ${\beta}_3$-adrenergic receptor gene may be applicable as a predictive marker for osteoporosis in Korean young men, and regular exercise may prevent the disadventageous effect of this polymorphism for bone mineral density in male athletic group.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

We fabricated a closed coils by using resistive-joint method and the joint resistance of the coils were estimated by field decay technique in liquid nitrogen. We used the Runge-kutta method for the numerical analysis to calculate the decay properties. The closed coil was wound by $(Bi,Pb)_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_x$/Ag tape. Both ends the tape were overlapped and soldered to each other. The current was induced in a closed coils by external magnetic flux density. Its decay characteristic was observed by means of measuring the magnetic flux density generated by induced current at the center of the closed coil with hall sensor. The joint resistance was calculated as the ratio of the inductance of the loop to the time constants. The joint resistances were evaluated as a function of critical current of loop, contact length, sweep time, and external magnetic flux density in a contact length of 7 cm. It was observed that joint resistance was dependent on contact length of a closed coil, but independent of critical current, sweep time, and external magnetic flux density. The joint resistance was measured to be higher for a standard four-probe method, compared with that for the field decay technique. This implies that noise of measurement in a standard four-probe method is larger than that of field decay technique. It was estimated that joint resistance was $8.0{\times}10^{-9}{\Omega}$ to $11.4{\times}10^{-9}{\Omega}$ for coils of contact length for 7 cm. It was found that 40Pb/60Sn solder are unsuitable for persistent mode.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2019

In solstices during the solar minimum, the hemispheric difference of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) intensity (hereafter hemispheric asymmetry) is understood as being opposite in the morning and afternoon. This phenomenon is explained by the temporal variation of the combined effects of the fountain process and interhemispheric wind. However, the mechanism applied to the observations during the solar minimum has not yet been validated with observations made during other periods of the solar cycle. We investigate the variability of the hemispheric asymmetry with local time (LT), altitude, season, and solar cycle using the electron density taken by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload satellite and the global total electron content (TEC) maps acquired during 2001-2008. The electron density profiles provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate satellites during 2007-2008 are also used to investigate the variation of the hemispheric asymmetry with altitude during the solar minimum. During the solar minimum, the location of a stronger EIA moves from the winter hemisphere to the summer hemisphere around 1200-1400 LT. The reversal of the hemispheric asymmetry is more clearly visible in the F-peak density than in TEC or in topside plasma density. During the solar maximum, the EIA in the winter hemisphere is stronger than that in the summer hemisphere in both the morning and afternoon. When the location of a stronger EIA in the afternoon is viewed as a function of the year, the transition from the winter hemisphere to the summer hemisphere occurs near 2004 (yearly average F10.7 index = 106). We discuss the mechanisms that cause the variation of the hemispheric asymmetry with LT and solar cycle.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.36-43
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• 2021

[Purpose] Exercise is a key factor in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sumo wrestlers increase their body size from childhood for athletic advantage; however, the risk of metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers is undetermined. Preventive measures against pediatric obesity should be initiated during childhood to prevent obesity in adulthood, considering its high global incidence. We comparatively evaluated the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers and children with obesity. [Methods] We enrolled 70 male children (age 9-17 years [sumo group, n = 14] and 9-14 years [other sports and non-exercise groups, n = 28 each]) and evaluated their anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference, waist to height ratio) and hematological parameters (total, low-density, high-density, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; triglycerides; plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels). [Results] The BMI z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference (p < 0.05, along with the non-exercise group), and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher and the high-density cholesterol level was lower in the sumo group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). The waist to height ratio was significantly higher in the non-exercise group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other blood lipid, plasma glucose (significantly lower level than the reference range in the sumo group, p < 0.05), and glycated hemoglobin (within the reference range in all groups) levels among the three groups. [Conclusion] Junior sumo wrestlers had a larger body size and higher blood pressure than children with obesity who exercised regularly. This provides direction for future research into targeted preventive interventions against metabolic syndrome for junior sumo wrestlers with large body size.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.308-318
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• 2022

Noise is a serious issue. While sending images via electronic communication, Impulse noise, which is created by unsteady voltage, is one of the most common noises in digital communication. During the acquisition process, pictures were collected. It is possible to obtain accurate diagnosis images by removing these noises without affecting the edges and tiny features. The New Average High Noise Density Median Filter. (HNDMF) was proposed in this paper, and it operates in two steps for each pixel. Filter can decide whether the test pixels is degraded by SPN. In the first stage, a detector identifies corrupted pixels, in the second stage, an algorithm replaced by noise free processed pixel, the New average suggested Filter produced for this window. The paper examines the performance of Gaussian Filter (GF), Adaptive Median Filter (AMF), and PHDNF. In this paper the comparison of known image denoising is discussed and a new decision based weighted median filter used to remove impulse noise. Using Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structure Similarity Index Method (SSIM) metrics, the paper examines the performance of Gaussian Filter (GF), Adaptive Median Filter (AMF), and PHDNF. A detailed simulation process is performed to ensure the betterment of the presented model on the Mini-MIAS dataset. The obtained experimental values stated that the HNDMF model has reached to a better performance with the maximum picture quality. images affected by various amounts of pretend salt and paper noise, as well as speckle noise, are calculated and provided as experimental results. According to quality metrics, the HNDMF Method produces a superior result than the existing filter method. Accurately detect and replace salt and pepper noise pixel values with mean and median value in images. The proposed method is to improve the median filter with a significant change.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

This study evaluates landslide susceptibility using statistical analysis by SVM (support vector machine) and the illite index of clay minerals extracted from ASTER(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) imagery which can be use to create mineralogical mapping. Landslide locations in the study area were identified from aerial photographs and field surveys. A GIS spatial database was compiled containing topographic maps (slope, aspect, curvature, distance to stream, and distance to road), maps of soil properties (thickness, material, topography, and drainage), maps of timber properties (diameter, age, and density), and an ASTER satellite imagery (illite index). The landslide susceptibility map was constructed through factor correlation using SVM to analyze the spatial database. Comparison of area under the curve values showed that using the illite index model provided landslide susceptibility maps that were 76.46% accurate, which compared favorably with 74.09% accuracy achieved without them.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.395-407
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• 2020

Most classification accuracy measures for optimal threshold are divided into two types: one is expressed with cumulative distribution functions and probability density functions, the other is based on ROC curve and AUC. Unal (2017) proposed the index of union (IU) as an accuracy measure that considers two types to get them. In this study, ten kinds of accuracy measures (including IU) are divided into six categories, and the advantages of the IU are studied by comparing the measures belonging to each category. The optimal thresholds of these measures are obtained by setting various normal mixture distributions; subsequently, the first and second type of errors as well as the error sums corresponding to each threshold are calculated. The properties and characteristics of the IU statistic are explored by comparing the discriminative power of other accuracy measures based on error values.The values of the first type error and error sum of IU statistic converge to those of the best accuracy measures of the second category as the mean difference between the two distributions increases. Therefore, IU could be an accuracy measure to evaluate the discriminant power of a model.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2004

With the proliferation of multimedia data, there is an increasing need to support the indexing and retrieval of high-dimensional image data. Although there have been many efforts, the performance of existing multidimensional indexing methods is not satisfactory in high dimensions. Thus the dimensionality reduction and the approximate solution methods were tried to deal with the so-called dimensionality curse. But these methods are inevitably accompanied by the loss of precision of query results. Therefore, recently, the vector approximation-based methods such as the VA- file and the LPC-file were developed to preserve the precision of query results. However, the performance of the vector approximation-based methods depend largely on the size of the approximation file and they lose the advantages of the multidimensional indexing methods that prune much search space. In this paper, we propose a new index structure called the GC-tree for efficient similarity search in image databases. The GC-tree is based on a special subspace partitioning strategy which is optimized for clustered high-dimensional images. It adaptively partitions the data space based on a density function and dynamically constructs an index structure. The resultant index structure adapts well to the strongly clustered distribution of high-dimensional images.