• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

Contamination of soil by deicing salt is among the important environment problems due to their toxicity and negative impact to human health and the environment. One of the effective methods for cleaning the soil from deicing salts is desalination using soil amendment-phytoremediation continuum treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine how much of the pH, EC control and Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ taken up soil amendments and Miscanthus sinensis, and to evaluate the effect of salt reduction and growth improvement as affected by soil amendment in high concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) deicing salts. Results indicated that the addition of soil amendments was decrease the EC and pH, also significantly reduce the leaching of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, a chloride ions related deicing salts, compared to the control for CaCl₂ 10 g/L treatment. It also resulted in an enhanced plant growth and higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight in Hydroball treatment + Miscanthus sinensis planting continuum treatment compared to the treatment that planted Miscanthus sinensis only. Therefore, we concluded that soil amendments might be attributed to an accumulation of deicing slats in the roadside soil, resulting in the improvement of Miscanthus sinensis growth.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of vegetation mat on plant growth and salt reduction in the soil treated with high concentration deicing salt. In order to measure soil chemical characteristics and plant growth, three native groundcover plants (Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, Dendranthema boreale, and Kalimeris yomena) were grown in each of the three plastic containers (50.0 cm width × 35.0 cm length × 8.5 cm deep) with a high concentration treatment of calcium chloride deicing salt. There were two treatments: control, and BVM that combines B (blanket) and VM (vegetation mat). 1,600 g of soil was placed on the top of the drainage layer with 290 g of perlite, 100 seeds each of the three native plants with three repetitions were sowed, and 10 g/L of calcium chloride deicing salt was added in the treatment. As a result of the chemical properties of soil, soil in control treatment was acidic and soil electrical conductivity in BVM was the lowest. Also, exchangeable cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺) in soil and all the three plants were significantly decreased in the BVM treatment. Meanwhile, the germination rate of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was the highest under high concentration deicing salt in compared to the two plants. Overall, three native groundcover plant growth was higher in the BVM than control treatment significantly. These results suggest that the treatment of blanket vegetation mat has a positive effect on soil and plant growth in soil damaged by deicing salt.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.625-636
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• 2020

Background and objects: Soil contamination caused by CaCl₂ that is used to deice slippery roads in winter is now recognized as one of the major causes of damage of roadside plants. The aim of this study is to identify the salt mitigation effects of planting Chrysanthemum zawadskii and using a soil conditioner. Methods: The study was conducted at the site where Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis was planted on the roadside between Konkuk University Sageori and Danwol Samgeori located in Chungju-si. We classified the soils collected from the field experimental site according to the degree of the damage caused by deicing agents and divided the site into six blocks of three 80 × 80 cm plots replicated by treatment type. Three selected plots were treated with loess-balls on the soil surface (high salinity with loess-balls, medium salinity with loess-balls, low salinity with loess-balls) and three were left as an untreated control (H = high salinity, M = medium salinity, L = low salinity). The soil properties were measured including pH, EC and exchangeable cations as well as the growth of Chrysanthemum zawadskiia. Results: In the results of soil analysis, pH before planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was 6.39-6.74 and in September, five months after planting, the acidity was reduced to 5.43-5.89. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured to be H > M > L with the higher degree of damage by deicing agents. The analysis of deicing exchangeable cations showed that the content of Ca²⁺ of soils were significantly correlated to deicing exchangeable cations (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺) in the shoot part of Chrysanthemum zawadskii. The loess-ball treatment showed a lower content of deicing exchangeable cations than the treatment where Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was planted. Conclusion: In this study, the use of a new system made of loess-balls is proposed as a soil conditioner to protect soils from the adverse effects of road deicing salts. These data suggest that treatment of soil conditioners and planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia are effective in mitigation of salt stress on the soils damaged by deicing agents.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to estimate the appropriate storage required for deicing materials in Gangwon-do for successful snow removal operations during the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games. The final estimates of the deicing chemicals can be used by public agencies to aid decision making. METHODS : First, the database that exists in the road snow-removal management system (RSMS) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, South Korea was used to determine historical characteristics of snow removal experiences in Gangwon-do. The database includes historical information, including regional and road weather data and number of snow-removal works. Second, both the maximum and the actual amount of storages used for deicing materials in the past three years were analyzed. Lastly, the final estimates of the deicing materials were evaluated using an additional equation. It considers frequency of salt spray application, total administrative road length estimated by road agencies, and number of days required for snow removal works in Gangwon-do. Consequently, the results show that significant differences were not observed between the final estimates and the maximum amount used during the past three years. RESULTS : The final estimates of the deicing materials are almost similar to the maximum amount used during the past three years in Gangwon-do. CONCLUSIONS : The study shows that the estimates of deicing chemicals can be useful when decision making is required for the snow-removal policy.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

본 연구는 염화칼슘($CaCl_2$) 처리농도에 따른 토양침출수 및 참억새의 생육 특성을 평가해 제설제 살포로 인한 토양의 화학적 변화를 분석하고, 참억새(Miscanthus sinensis)의 내염성을 살펴봄으로써 제설제의 대표적 피해지역인 가로변 식생관리방안에 적용하고자 한다. 염화칼슘 처리농도는 0(Cont.), 1(C1), 2(C2), 5(C5), $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$(C10) 등 총 5가지로 수용액을 조제해 참억새를 정식한 화분 토양에 1회 0.2L씩 2주 간격으로 총 6회 관주한 후 생육과 침출수의 특징을 분석하였다. 참억새를 식재한 토양침출수의 산도는 염화칼슘 처리농도가 높을수록 점차 완만하게 낮아진 반면, 전기전도도는 유의적으로 급증하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 염화물계 치환성 양이온의 함량은 전반적으로 증가하였으며, 치환성 칼슘 > 칼륨> 나트륨> 마그네슘 순으로 치환성 칼슘이 다른 이온에 비해 약 83~90% 높은 수치를 보였다. 참억새의 초장은 C10 처리구를 제외하고, C1~C5 처리구까지 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 엽장은 C5 처리구부터, 엽폭은 농도가 증가할수록 좁아지는 경향이 뚜렷했다. 반면, 엽수는 C10 처리구를 제외하고 C1~C5 처리구가 대조구에 비해 많아졌다. 참억새의 지상부와 지하부 생체중과 건물중 모두 C10 처리구를 제외하고 대조구에 비해 염화칼슘 처리농도가 높을수록 증가되었으며, 지상부 보다는 지하부의 증가세가 높았다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 가로변 염화칼슘 제설제의 지속적인 살포는 토양 내 산도 및 전기전도도, 염화물계 치환성 양이온에도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 예측할 수 있다. 또한 참억새는 C10 처리구를 제외하고, 대조구에 비해 지상부 및 지하부의 생육이 양호해 제설제로 오염된 가로변 토양에서도 현장적용이 가능할 것으로 본다.

• 기계저널
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.82-82
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• 1997

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

본 연구는 도로 포장에 자체 융설 아스팔트 혼합물의 적용을 위해, 융빙특성을 분석하는 기초연구의 일환으로 수행되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 아스콘 제조시 지속성있는 융설제를 첨가하여 높은 융설기능을 유지하도록 한 아스팔트 혼합물을 개발하고 이에 대한 융빙(설) 특성 및 아스팔트 포장으로서의 역학적 특성을 알아보는데 있다. 결합재로는 AC 60-80이 사용되었고, 본 연구에서 개발된 융설제와 CRM이 건식 혼합방법으로 사용되었다. 기존 포장위에 박층포장 용도로 사용하기 위한 샌드 융설 아스팔트 혼합물과 표층용 혼합물과 동일 용도인 13mm 밀입도 융설 아스팔트 혼합물을 개발하였다. 아스팔트 혼합물의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 마샬안정도와 간접인장강도, 결빙 및 융빙실험, 용출수의 수질분석 실험을 수행하였다 융설 아스팔트 혼합물은 포장용 혼합물로서의 충분한 강도 및 우수한 융설 기능도 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 용출수의 중성화를 유도하여 도로 주변의 식생에도 악영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2016

Recently, due to the climate change by global warming, the amount of snow has increased. The situations were demanded to use many snow removal materials. The snow removal materials that used in Korea were solid chloride deicing material. That is calcium chloride($CaCl_2$) and sodium chloride(NaCl). Solid chloride baesd snow removal materials have various property, for example good freezing point depression, deliquescence and economical solvents. However, there are problems such as water pollution, high corrosiveness and ecocide. For such reason, development of eco-friendly deicer was required obligatorily. This study investigated development situation of eco-friendly deicer materials.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2016

현재 고속도로의 콘크리트 구조물에서 대부분 지속되고 있는 가장 큰 문제는 동결 융해와 제설염에 의해 발생하는 콘크리트 열화이고, 이는 완전하게 해결되지 않은 쟁점사항이다. 특히, 동결융해만이 작용할 때와는 달리 동결 융해와 제설염의 복합열화 환경에서 콘크리트의 내구성능은 급격하게 저하되고 공용수명이 단축된다. 본 연구에서는 지역별 고속도로 구간의 노출환경등급을 수립하고 콘크리트 손상정도와 염화물량을 조사하였다. 또한 기계타설 소구조물 콘크리트의 내구성 향상을 위해 배합조건을 개선한 콘크리트의 염화물 이온 투과성, 박리저항성, 동결 융해 저항성 시험을 수행하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 특수환경에 노출된 콘크리트 표면의 손상범위가 광범위하게 나타났으며 내부 염화물량 또한 높게 나타났다. 한편, 물-결합재(W/B) 비 및 단위수량을 적게 하고, 플라이애시를 혼합하여 내구성을 개선한 콘크리트는 기존의 배합비 보다 내구성이 크게 향상되었다. 또한 도출한 최적 배합비는 콘크리트 관련 시방서에서 제시하고 있는 강도 및 공기량, 물-결합재 비 등의 기준에 부합하였고, 내구성 기준에 만족할 뿐 아니라 공용수명이 크게 향상될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

PURPOSES : A finite difference model considering snow melting process on porous asphalt pavement was derived on the basis of heat transfer and mass transfer theories. The derived model can be applied to predict the region where black-ice develops, as well as to predict temperature profile of pavement systems where a de-icing system is installed. In addition, the model can be used to determined the minimum energy required to melt the ice formed on the pavement. METHODS : The snow on the porous asphalt pavement, whose porosity must be considered in thermal analysis, is divided into several layers such as dry snow layer, saturated snow layer, water+pavement surface, pavement surface, and sublayer. The mass balance and heat balance equations are derived to describe conductive, convective, radiative, and latent transfer of heat and mass in each layer. The finite differential method is used to implement the derived equations, boundary conditions, and the testing method to determine the thermal properties are suggested for each layer. RESULTS: The finite differential equations that describe the icing and deicing on pavements are derived, and we have presented them in our work. The framework to develop a temperature-forecasting model is successfully created. CONCLUSIONS : We conclude by successfully creating framework for the finite difference model based on the heat and mass transfer theories. To complete implementation, laboratory tests required to be performed.