• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Purpose : This study investigated the relationship between body type, subjective symptoms and health awareness in female high school students Methods : The subjects were 393 students at the female high school in Taejon City by self-recorded questionnaires in May, 2006. Results : In the classification of body type based on the degree of obesity, low weight group was 20.9%, normal weight group was 58.0%, over weight group was 11.7% and obesity group was 9.4%. In the level of body type wareness, those who consider themselves to be obesity type 13.7%, standard type were 43.8%, and leptosomic type 8.1%, but there was a clear tendency to be leptosomic type that the rate was 76.3%. In the complaint rates of subjective symptoms, “fatigue” was the highest, followed by “neck pain(stiffness)”, “dizziness”, “stomachache” in the descending order. In the complaint rates of subjective symptoms by the degree of obesity, dizziness, irregular menstruation and anorexia were higher according to the lower obesity, but constipation and wearied eyes were the higher the more obesity. Conclusion : The study results showed that the recent female high school students were clear tendency to be leptosomic type, and leptosomic and obesity type were related with subjective symptoms. Considering these findings, it appeared that being excessively thin is related to symptoms and young women's thinness-oriented attitudes are unhealthful.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and blood lipids of middle-aged women according to the obesity index by %Fat. Subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on percentage of body fat (%Fat): normal weight (18% ~ < 28%), overweight (28% ~ < 33%) and obesity (over 33%). Nutrient intakes were evaluated based on questionnaires of 24 hours recall method and blood lipids were analyzed by blood analyzer. The results were as follows. 1) Nutrient intakes were that carbohydrates and fat intakes in obesity group were higher than normal and overweight group but the difference was not significant, and protein intake rate was similar all groups. The intake rate of calcium was higher in normal group than obesity group (p < 0.05), and obesity group ingested under dietary reference intakes. The intake rate of iron was higher in obesity group than normal group (p < 0.05). 2) TG, TC, VLDL and TC/HDL in obesity group were higher than normal group (p < 0.001). The attack rate of coronary heart disease in obesity group is higher than normal group (p < 0.01), LDL, blood glucose and blood pressure in obesity group were higher than normal group (p < 0.01), and HDL was a little higher in normal group than obesity group, but the difference was not significant. 3) The correlation of anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, blood lipid, and blood pressure had significant results. Weight was associated positive level with blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure. Waist and WHR were associated positive level with blood glucose and blood lipid but weren't associated with blood pressure. BMI was associated positive level with blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure, %Fat was associated positive level with blood lipid and blood pressure, but wasn't associated with blood glucose. These results suggest that the decrease of waist on blood glucose control is better than decrease of % Fat and BMI, the decrease of %Fat and BMI on blood pressure control is better than decrease of waist, and the decrease of %Fat on blood lipid control is better than waist and BMI. The nutritional education for obesity treatment must perform to analyze the blood and assess the obesity degree by %Fat, waist and BMI before nutritional education, so the obesity treatment will be effectively.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

It has recently become known that the social issue of obesity, caused by increased caloric intake and lack of exercise, is a risk factor in the cause of various adult diseases. Above all, to prevent or cure obesity, we must accurately evaluate the degree of obesity, and we have used BML, WHR, and waist measurements for this purpose. In this paper, we propose an obesity evaluation system based on fuzzy inference using BML and waist measurement. For this purpose, we decided reasoning rule and membership function about BML and waist measurements. The inference result is presented in a descriptive sentence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare weight control behaviour, eating habits, and health-related life habits according to degree of obesity among normal, overweight, and obese groups. Self-perception of weight and desire for weight control in males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.001) varied among the three groups. Reasons (p<0.001), experience (p<0.01), and method of weight control (p<0.05) were different among the three female groups, whereas males did not show any differences. Intake of nutritional supplements in the male obese group was higher compared to other groups (p<0.01), whereas eating habits were not significantly different among the three groups for both males and females. Food habits score for intake of fruits, milk, and yogurt were higher in females than males (p<0.001). Correlation coefficients of food habits score and anthropometric measurements showed that hip circumference was negative for intake of fruits in males, whereas RBW and BMI were positive for food combination, intake of bean products, and fishes in females (p<0.05). Frequency and fitting exercise in the obese female group were lower than in the other groups (p<0.01). Therefore, proper nutritional education for obese individuals is recommended proper self-perception of weight, good food habits, and regular exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.8
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• pp.33-45
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• 2016

This study classified respondents by degree of obesity using Body Mass Index(BMI) and investigated the differences in self-esteem, food lifestyle, social-cultural attitudes towards appearance, and diet-related attitude and behavior such as trial number of diet, exercise time and period, use of diet information, interest in weight control, diet motivation, and dietetic therapy. A survey was conducted with 258 adults between the ages of 20 and 29 who lived in Daegu and Uijeongbu from November $17^{th}$ to December $14^{th}$ 2014. Data collected from the respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses, analyses of variance and chi-square tests. This study divided the respondents into three groups (the underweight, the normal weight, the overweight) according to Body Mass Index. The results showed that there were significant differences in food lifestyle (health-conscious, popularity-seeking, taste-seeking), social-cultural attitudes towards appearance, exercise time and period, use of diet information, interest in weight control, diet motivation, and dietetic therapy among groups classified by degree of obesity. However, there were no differences in self-esteem, convenience-seeking, and trial number of diet among them.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of drinking, smoking, and obesity indices on cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors in Korean young men. Methods: The subjects were 234 young men, aged 20 to 39 years. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), body fat mass (kg), and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured as obesity indices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured as cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SAS 9.4. Results: Statistically significant factors were BMI for SEP; age, degree of drinking, body fat mass for DBP; WHR for TC; WHR and age for TG; age, degree of smoking and PBF for HDL-C; WHR, age and degree of smoking for LDL-C. Conclusion: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in cardio-cerebrovascular disease prevention programs for young men.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2018

Objectives: People often fail to reduce or maintain their weight despite trying to lose weight. The purpose of this study was to review previously published study results of the predictive factors associated with weight loss in obesity treatment. Methods: Authors searched for the articles related to weight loss, published from 2007 to 2017 found on PubMed, Scopus, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), and Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS). A total of 43 articles were finally selected. From the study results, unchangeable and changeable predictors were extracted, and these predictors were examined according to detailed categories. Results: Predictors of weight loss in obesity treatment included genetic and physiological factors, demographic factors, history of treatment on obesity related factors, behavioral factors, psychological factors and treatment process related factors. The main factors of weight loss were unchangeable predictors such as high initial degree of obesity and younger age, and changeable predictors such as dietary restraint, regular exercise, self-efficacy, initial weight loss and attendance. Especially dietary restraint, regular exercise, successful initial weight loss and high attendance were considered to be dominant factors for weight loss treatments. Conclusions: Our review results suggest that unchangeable and changeable predictors of weight loss should be carefully examined during treatments of obesity.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.368-372
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the correlation between mother's characteristics and obesity index, percentage of body fat, total cholesterol, and serum leptin levels in obese children. Method: Sixty two students in 4th, 5th, and 6th grades were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Mother's characteristics were collected by questionnaires. Biophysical indexes were as follows; obesity indexes were calculated by height and weight, percentages of body fat were measured by a bioelectrical impedence fatness analyzer, total cholesterol levels were measured by a Hitachi automatic analyzer, and serum leptin levels were measured by the immunoradiometric assay method. Result: The degree of mother's concern for their children's obesity showed a statistically significant positive correlation with biophysical indexes such as obesity index and serum leptin level in obese children. However, there were no significant correlations between mother's economic state, education level, occupation and biophysical indexes. Also, there were no significant correlations between mother's concern for their children's obesity and percentage of body fat, and serum cholesterol levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that mother's concern for their children's obesity is one of the most important factors in child obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.664-670
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the obesity prevalence and relationship between the degree of obesity and risk for coronary heart disease in elementary school children in Kyungbuk area from 1996 to 1998. One hundred eighty obese children aged 8 yrs through 11 yrs(112 boys : 68 girls) were chosen depending on the criteria of obesity degree, and then the subjects were classified into one of three groups according to the degree of obesity; mild(20-29%), moderate(30-49%), and severe( $\geq$ 50%) obesity, fasting blood was collected in the morning, and body fat, plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured. LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were also calculated. The obesity prevalence increased from 7.1% in 1996 to 9.5% in 1998. As body fat level increased, blood triglyceride level increased(p < 0.001). As the degree of obesity increased, the level of blood triglyceride(p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure(p < 0.05) also increased. The risk fur coronary heart disease based on criteria of the level of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index increased from 6.9%,1.4% and 13.9% in 1996 to 28.3%, 18.7% and 17.0% in 1998, respectively. The number of risk factors relating to coronary hero disease increased, as the degree of obesity increased, especially in girls. The results suggest that there is some potential relationship between children obesity and the incidence of coronary hero disease. Thus, this study implicates that desirable nutrition education may be needed for obese children.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

Metabolic syndrome and homocysteine are associated with increased independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the difference between the degree of obesity, metabolic syndrome risk factors, plasma homocysteine and anthropometric obesity factors. Totally 398 participated in a medical check-up program were selected for this study. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to the number of metabolic syndrome components present as defined by the NCEP-ATP III criteria; Absent (0 criteria, n=124), Pre-MetS (1-2 criteria, n=220) and MetS (${\geq}3$ criteria, n=54). Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to distinguish between normal weight, overweight and obesity. MetS presented higher homocysteine than Absent (p<.05) and obesity higher than normal weight (p<.01). When Absent+Pre-MetS was used to classify obese or not, obesty presented higher homocysteine than non-obese (p<.05). Further homocysteine levels positively correlated with weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Especially WHR is not only MetS (r=0.378, p<.001) but also Absent+Pre-MetS (r=0.305, p=0.029) significantly positively correlated with homocysteine. The results of our study indicate that homocysteine is related closely to obesity. Although obesity has not been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, obesity related with increased homocysteine.