• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2010

Objective : This study is designed to present the direction and the necessity of education on the biomedical ethics the establish desirable ethical view of paramedic students by understanding on the consciousness of students of department of emergency medical technology on biomedical ethics on euthanasia. Method : Data were collected from on 335 students of department of emergency medical technology in 4-year-college located in districts of Chungcheong-do, from March 4 to April 22, 2010. The questionnaire consisted of total 29 items, i.e., 11 items of general characteristics, 11 items of characteristics related to biomedical ethics and 7 items of consciousness on euthanasia. Result : In general characteristics, the first grade showed the most dense distribution of 37.3%, the second grade was 20.0%, the third grade was 20.9% and the fourth grade was 21.8%. In the consciousness of biomedical ethics on euthanasia, the third and the fourth grades showed a higher ratio(${\chi}^2$ = 136.327, p= .000), in comparison with the first and the second grades, the higher year they were, the higher degree of consciousness they had. The consciousness on each item of euthanasia showed significant differences in grade (F = 8.203, p= .000), experience of clinical practice or none (t = 3.731, p= .000), experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 1.997, p = .047) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 8.240, p = .000) regarding 'CPR shall not be required in any cases if a patient wants DNR', in experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 2.452, p= .015) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.725, p = .044) regarding if a patient refuses all treatments, the patient's opinion shall be respected', and in degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.858, p = . 037) regarding 'after determination of DNR, if the family wants a positive treatment, it shall follow the family's request'. Conclusion : It seemed that the differences in consciousness according to grade and experience of clinical practice were influenced by experiences to treat patients in personally. Moreover, it showed that the higher grade they are, the more experience of education they have, the experiences of education had influences on the consciousness. Development of educational programs is required in order to supply accurate knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to lower-grade students the to let them establish ethical views properly, and in order to correct wrong knowledge and to establish ethical views while supplying knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to higher-grade students.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective school dental health education for dental caries prevention， relation knowledge of class, feeding practice and snack intake preference actual conditions, food and caries executed investigation by own recording way using questionnaire consisted of dental health education awareness to some business world man high school locating in Kyonggi Province. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence The obtain result were as follows 1. Results about habit of breakfast was the most by 36.1% a student who have breakfast every day, and a student who hardly eat dominated 32.9%. Second-year student hardly had breakfast (p<.01). 2. A student who answer that snack kind that often eat was cookies and snack kind was the most by 37.2%, and a student who answer that symbol drink was a carbonated drink was the most by 50.9%. 3. Relation knowledge degree appeared grand mean among 18 points perfect score by 12.36 with food and caries. Third-year student knowledge degree was the highest, and second-year student was the lowest knowledge degree by class (p<.01). 4. Existence and nonexistence of experience of dental health education appeared a student who experience that take dental health education does not exist by 57.1%. There was experience that take dental health education as class is low by class, and as class is high, experience did not exists (p<.05). 5. Time that take dental health education for the first time was the most by 56.7% a student who respond 'Babyhood', grade in school is low by class 'Babyhood', and is high by class responded 'Middle school'(p<.05). 6. Awareness of dental health education necessity 'may educate dental health and does not' a student 56.3%, half was looked attitude which students who exceed are insincere about dental health education necessity. 7. When educate dental health, contents was the most by 44.6% 'brushing and mouth article directions' to be educated importantly, and was expose by caries 31.2%, gum disease 10.1%, scaling 9.0%, prosthetic dentistry and implant 5.1% period of ten days, third-year student 50.8% said that 'brushing and mouth article directions' is important (p<.05). Dental health education is practiced during life, and is a teaching that should be remembered. Need to develop epoch-making and interesting education program that is correct in subject to do as quickly as possible, and should be achieved major road of dental hygienist. Dental hygienist will have to settle as quickly as possible as expert of prevention that is natural business and education and help in dental health education development under effort between country and dental association effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2013

The aim of this research is clarify the relationship between concept understanding degree about the environment and environmental sensitivity and heighten understanding of environmental education target to pre-service elementary teacher. The subjects of this study are science education intensive course 65 students of B educational university. Concept understanding degree about the environment was separately investigated by 'the definition of environmental education', 'Write The positive concept of the natural environment education and briefly describe.''The negative concept of the natural environment education and briefly describe'. Next clarify the relationship between concept understanding degree about the environment and environmental sensitivity target to pre-service elementary teacher. Based on these results, propose an alternative to cultivate pre-service elementary teacher's knowledge about environmental education. Degree of understanding of the concept environmental education research results are as follows. First, Cognition degree about definition of environmental education of pre-service elementary teacher is correctly recognized generally. Second, They do not think deeply about natural environment when it comes to the positive concept of the natural environment of pre-service elementary teacher. Third, They have only a little interest in natural environment when it comes to the negative concept of the natural environment of pre-service elementary teacher. Correlation research results of degree of understanding of the concept of environmental and environmental sensitivity are as follows. High understanding degree of environmental education is high environmental sensitivity. Heighten environmental sensitivity of pre-service elementary teacher will be sustainable environmental education so education is necessary for environmental Sensitivity training.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

This study was made for male and female university students regarding the nutrition knowledge about fat, fat contents in food, and practice toward fat. The result is as follows;1.Out of 13 questions inquiring the knowledge about fat a significant difference was observed between female and male students in 10 questions. Male students' nutrition knowledge about fat was $6.33{\pm}0.16$, and that of female students' was $6.33{\pm}0.16$ and there was no significant difference. The ratio of correct answer was 49% and 59% respectively. Female students marked high ratio of correct answer such items as ${\omega}-3$ fatty acid, the relation between high fat diet and atherosclerosis(coronary disease), the relation between obesity and fat, the relation between ${\omega}-3$ fatty acid and heart disease, cholesterol, fatty acid in butter, degree of unsaturation in liquid oil, margarine, chicken fat, rancity of fat. 2.Male students' total score of knowledge about fat quantity in food was $4.91{\pm}0.10$ and that of female students was $5.58{\pm}0.10$. There was significant difference(p<0.001) and the ratio of correct answer was 55% and 62% respectively. Out of 9 food items, significant difference was observed in 7 items according to student's majoring subject. The ratio of correct answer for the questions about the quantity of fat in food female showed high figures in such items as white meat(p<0.01), whole milk(p<0.0001), skim milk(p<0.01), potato chips(p<0.001), biscuit(p<0.001). However, male students showed high figures on the question about the quantity of fat in vegetable margarine. 3. Out of 12 items observing the degree of diet practice on fat, significant difference was observed between male and female students in 6 items. Female students practice the question items positively with high ratio: intake of fish instead of meat(p<0.01), removing visible fat in meat(p<0.0001), removing chicken skin(p<0.0001), removing oil during cooking (p<0.05), selection of low fat milk or skim milk(p<0.05), selection of meat part(p<0.001). There was significant difference between male and female students in practicing diet on fat (p<0.001) and the total score was $31.52{\pm}0.52$ and $34.65{\pm}0.41$ respectively.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.96-108
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for developing a program for effective education about GDM(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) by investigating the knowledge and learning needs of pregnant women about GDM. The subjects were 192 pregnant women who visited obstetrical clinics for prenatal care. The data were collected from October, 1998 to December, 1999, using a 50-item questionnaire(knowledge ; 30 items, learning needs ; 20 items), and analyzed by SAS program for t-test, ANOVA, Ducan test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows. 1. The knowledge level about GDM 1) Pregnant women had very little knowledge(total means ; 15.1 of 30.0) about GDM. 2) Pregnant women more than 30 years old, pregnant women from Seoul, and pregnant women who had more than a bachelor's degree were more knowledgeable about GDM. 3) Pregnant women who didn't experience spontaneous abortions, pregnant women who had DM(Diabetes Mellitus) patients in their families, and pregnant women who received education about DM were more knowledgeable about GDM. 4) Pregnant women knew very well that GDM women have more maternal and fetal complications than normal pregnant women. Although they were knowledgeable about the importance and ways of controlling blood glucose level, they knew very little about the causes, symptoms, or management of hypoglycemia. 2. The learning needs about GDM 1) Pregnant women had high learning needs (total means ; 85.0 of 100.0) about GDM. 2) The learning needs of pregnant women who had more than a bachelor's degree and pregnant women who earned less than two million won in monthly income were higher than that of other groups. 3) Pregnant women had high learning needs about the health of their baby and themselves, but their learning needs related to weight control and exercise-things that play important roles in controlling blood glucose level-were relatively low. As a result of the above findings, a systemic and individualized program is required for pregnant women and GDM patients, In addition to that, further studies that investigate the effects of education and retention of learning obtained by education are required in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2002

This study was carried out to examine Koreans preference in mushrooms, their nutritional knowledge of mushrooms as a source of Vitamin D, and five characteristics of six dishes consisting of common dishes and mushroom dishes. The data were collected from 2,777 subjects in various age ranges by means of a survey questionnaire. Variables, such as age, gender, diet quality and the degree of interest in diet were significant factors considered in relation to preference of mushrooms. Adults ate mushrooms because of their healthfulness, but this attibute was not a factor among adolescent students. The level of nutritional knowledge was relatively low and the ratio of "do not know" responses was higher than the ratio of "yes" or "no" . Generally, housewives, elementary school children and those who were healthy, ate floods because of health consciousness, and those who preferred mushrooms had better dietary habits. The characteristics of mushroom dishes, both as main and side dishes, had much more correlation with the factors considered for the subjects than the common dishes and one dish meals, respectively. Dietary altitudes, such as mushroom preference, frequency of mushroom intake and level of nutritional knowledge, were strongly correlated with the characteristics of the six dishes. It has been shown that mushroom dishes were recognized as nutritional, rather than delicious.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.71-76
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• 2001

This paper describes a research work of developing system for conceptual die design system for Fine blanking. The method of approaching to the system is based on the knowledge-based rules. Knowledge for the system is formulated from experimental results and the empirical knowledge of field experts. This system has been written in VisualLISP on the AutoCAD using a personal computer and in Microsoft Visual Basic ver.6.0. Transference of data is accomplished by DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) method. This system consists of six modules, which are cognition of a drawing, cognition of shear length, calculation of shear force, materials properties database, determination of degree of difficulty of the product, determination of approximate life of punch and die modules. Results carried out in each module will provide efficiency to the designer and the manufacturer of die for Fine blanking. But the main focus of this system is the design of die for Fine blanking in the level of general concept. In order to use powerful tool in this field, developed system will be studied continuously.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.308-316
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• 1998

This study was made to find out the relationship between the eating attitude influenced by an eating disorder and nutritional knowledge among 441 female college students. A self-report questionnaire was used, and the summary of the results are as follows : Almost all of the surveyed female college students were in criteria of standard weight, however they regard themselves more obese than what their actual body shape normally shows. The correlation between perceived body shape and the eating attitude influenced by an eating disorder turned out to be high(p<0.001). The significant level of correlation between the perceived body shape and the eating attitude test-26(EAT-26) scores showed much higher than that obtained between actual shape, degree of obesity and eating attitude test-26(EAT 26) scores(p<0.001). There was no significant level of correlation between the defree of obesity and the average score of nutritional knowledge obtained out of the total questionnaire, however it showed significant level of correlation between macronutrient and roughage(p<0.05), fat and calorie requirement(p<0.01). There was significant correlation among perceived body shape, actual weight and eating attitude influenced. by an eating disorder. Thus the correct perception of body shape turned out to be an important factor in obtaining the desirable eating attitude and adequate nutritional knowldege.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate i) the current state of washing knowledge and washing habits ii) the effect of washing behaviors on washing satisfaction. A survey questionnaire was developed and implemented to married women in their 30's or 40's. A total of 210 responses were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test and ANOVA with PASW18.0. The results are as follows. First, the ways in which women do the laundry was analyzed. Married women in their 30s and 40s usually do the laundry at home and are familiar with washing symbols and do not rely on common sense. Most of them like to rely on the washing machine guidelines for detergent concentration and use the right amount for environmental protection. They also adjust the washing machine setting effectively considering laundry time, water temperature and care label. Second, the groups divided by demographic variables showed meaningful results about washing knowledge. Particularly, there is no significant difference on washing knowledge between housewives and career women. Third, the groups divided by the levels of washing habits showed suggestive results about washing satisfaction. The groups who have correct washing habits generally a indicated high degree of washing satisfaction. Finally, marketing implications for the businesses of laundry, laundromat and the manufacturers of washing machine are suggested.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2018

Objective: To survey knowledge about the factors that influence fertility in a reproductive-age population living in an urban area. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey among both males and females aged 18-45 years living in the Bangkok metropolitan area. Results: The mean age of the participants was $26.8{\pm}7.2years$ (male, 41.9%; female, 58.1%). Of the participants, 53.1% had an undergraduate degree and 57.1% were single. Only one-fifth of the participants correctly identified the age when fecundity declines in male and female, the definition of infertility, and the period during the menstrual cycle with the highest chance of pregnancy. Approximately three-fourths of the participants correctly identified that cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sexually transmitted infections affect fertility. Conclusion: A considerable knowledge gap about the factors that influence fertility was identified in reproductive-age individuals in an urban area of Thailand. This issue should be urgently addressed by promoting fertility awareness through education, discussions about social perceptions regarding fertility, and reliable sources of knowledge.