• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 2008

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is emerging as an effective approach for developing applications by dynamically discovering and composing reusable services. Generally, the benefits of SOA are known as low-development cost, high agility, high scalability, business level reuse, etc. However, a representative problem for widely applying SOA is the performance problem. This is caused by the nature of SOA such as service deployment and execution in distributed environment, heterogeneity of service platforms, use of a standard message format, etc. Therefore, performance problem has to be overcome to effectively apply SOA, and service performance has to be measured precisely to analyze where and why the problem has occurred. Prerequisite for this is a definition of a quality model to effectively measure service performance. However, current works on service performance lacks in defining a practical and precise quality model for measuring performance which adequately addresses the execution environment and features of SOA. Hence, in this paper, we define a quality model which includes a set of practical metrics for measuring service performance and an effective technique to measure the value of the proposed metrics. In addition, we apply the metrics for Hotel Reservation Service System (HRSS) to show the practicability and usefulness of the proposed metrics.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.2
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• pp.247-260
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• 2003

To share and standardize information, especially in the database environments, MDR (Metadata Registry) can be used to integrate various heterogeneous databases within a particular domain. But due to the discrepancies of data element representation between organizations, global information integration is not so easy. And users who are searching integrated information on the Web have limitation to obtain schema information for the underlying source databases. To solve those problems, in this paper, we present a 3-layered Information Integration System (LI2S) based on MDRs and Ontology. The purpose of proposed architecture is to define information integration model, which combine both of the nature of MDRs standard specification and functionality of ontology for the concept and relation. Adopting agent technology to the proposed model plays a key role to support the hierarchical and independent information integration architecture. Ontology is used as for a role of semantic network from which it extracts concept from the user query and the establishment of relationship between MDRs for the data element. (MDR and Knowledge Base are used as for the solution of discrepancies of data element representation between MDRs. Based on this architectural concept, LI2S was designed and implemented.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.688-701
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• 2001

Web caching has become an important problem addressing the performance issues in web applications. In this paper we propose a method that enhances the performance of web caching by incorporating the expiration time of web data we introduce the notion of the effective reference probability that incorporates the effect of expiration time into the reference probability used in the existing cache replacement algorithms .We formally define the effective reference probability and derive it theoretically using a probabilistic model. By simply replacing probabilities with the effective reference probability in the existing cache replacement algorithms we can take the effect of expiration time into account The results of performance evaluation through experiments show that the replacement algorithms using the effective reference probability always outperform the existing ones. The reason is that the proposed method precisely reflects the theoretical probability of getting the cache effect, and thus, incorporates the influence of the expiration time more effectively. In particular when the cache fraction is 0.05 and data update is comparatively frequent (i.e. the update frequency is more than 1/0 of the reference frequency) the performance enhancement is more than 30% in LRU-2 and 13% in Aggarwal's method (PSS integrating a refresh overhead factor) The results show that effective reference probability contributes significantly to the performance enhancement of the web cache in the presence of expiration time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were (1) to analyze price sensitivity, (2) to define the range of acceptable prices for each foreign segment, and (3) to provide a price model for Korean traditional restaurants. From October to November, 2006, a total of 781 foreigners responded to individual surveys. Statistical analyses on the survey data were performed using descriptive statistics and Price Sensitivity Measurement (PSM). Major findings from the study are as follows: First, the ranges of the acceptable prices were $98$\sim$$130 for fine dining/gourmet restaurants, $70$\sim$$90 for theme/ambience restaurants, $40$\sim$$60 for popular/family restaurants, and $18$\sim$$30 for convenience/fast food restaurants. Second, the convenience/fast food restaurants showed the highest price sensitivity. Third, a low stress level and wide range of the acceptable price were observed for the fine dining/gourmet restaurants, suggesting that the price sensitivity of the fine dining/gourmet restaurants was quite low. Finally, the price sensitivity indicated by the Japanese was higher than by the other groups. In consequence, the research findings suggest that the managers of the Korean traditional restaurants should strategically plan prices by understanding different customers' price sensitivity within and between customer segments. Through additional research, marketers can compare perceptions of specific brands, the competition, and variations within a product line.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-63
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• 2015

In this study, we introduce various hyperspectral data processing techniques for the monitoring of shallow and coastal waters to enlarge the application range and to improve the accuracy of the end results in Korea. Unlike land, more accurate atmospheric correction is needed in coastal region showing relatively low reflectance in visible wavelengths. Sun-glint which occurs due to a geometry of sun-sea surface-sensor is another issue for the data processing in the ocean application of hyperspectal imagery. After the preprocessing of the hyperspectral data, a semi-analytical algorithm based on a radiative transfer model and a spectral library can be used for bathymetry mapping in coastal area, type classification and status monitoring of benthos or substrate classification. In general, semi-analytical algorithms using spectral information obtained from hyperspectral imagey shows higher accuracy than an empirical method using multispectral data. The water depth and quality are constraint factors in the ocean application of optical data. Although a radiative transfer model suggests the theoretical limit of about 25m in depth for bathymetry and bottom classification, hyperspectral data have been used practically at depths of up to 10 m in shallow and coastal waters. It means we have to focus on the maximum depth of water and water quality conditions that affect the coastal applicability of hyperspectral data, and to define the spectral library of coastal waters to classify the types of benthos and substrates.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-98
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• 2016

Living Lab is being introduced and applied as an innovation model driven by social entities (residents, users, etc.) and as an innovation place based on local and field. This study analyzed three living lab cases of Bukchon IoT living lab, Seong-Daegol energy transition living lab, and Daejeon Geonneoyu project, which were designated as 'Living Lab' to solve local problems. We analyzed the local problem, the problem solving goal, the role of each participant and the subject, the living lab promotion system, the significance in each case. In addition, the types and characteristics of living labs were elucidated and future development plans were discussed. The result is as follow. First, each case has a tendency to link science technology and ICT with local problem solving though there is a difference between the technologies used. Second, local residents played a leading role in the whole living lab process from problem identification to technical experimentation, diffusion and application. Third, the role of the intermediaries commonly played an important role in the operation of the living lab. Last but not least, each case has different types of living lab. Bukchon IoT living lab being operated as a project by the government / municipality to create a living lab activity-base or to support actors' activities. On the other hand, the Seong-Daegol energy transition living lab and Daejeon Geonneoyu project were conducted by the civil society itself to define problems and explore technologies in order to solve local problems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2005

In this study, we suggested a new approach method forecasting distribution demand of urban rail transit usign fuzzy control, with intend to reflect irregularity and various functional relationship between trip length and distribution demand. To establish fuzzy control model and test this model, the actual trip volume(production, attraction and distribution volume) and trip length (space distance between a departure and arrival station) of Daegu subway line 1 were used. Firstly, usign these data we established a fuzzy control model, nd the estimation accuracy of the model was examined and compared with that of generalized gravity model. The results showed that the fuzzy control model was superior to gravity model in accuracy of estimation. Therefore, wwe found that fuzzy control was able to be applied as a effective method to predict the distribution demand of urban rail transit. Finally, to increase the estimation precision of the model, we expect studies that define membership functions and set up fuzzy rules organized with neural networks.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.23
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• pp.33-55
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• 2011

In the late Japanese colonial period, from the Sino-Japanese War until the Pacific War, critical discourses on the modern were prevalent in Japan and the Joseon. Despite the absence of a consensus about the specific definition of the modern, most thinkers agreed that the modern was something to be overcome. While some regarded naturalism and capitalism of the West as the essence of the modern, some others named scientism and humanism as the nature of the western modernity. Additionally, some criticized the temporal concept of historicism and brought new meanings of 'tradition' into relief, and some others advocated overcoming 'the West inherent in us'. This study is to consider the temporality of the theory of overcoming the modern focusing on the following three notions-world history, tradition, and emergency-, and examines the antinomy of them. The first notion to consider is 'world history'. The theorists of overcoming the modern, including the Kyoto school, discarded the progressive ideology that had led the Western modern history, and instead introduced 'world history' as a new notion. Although this resulted from the imperialistic embracement of the theories of Ranke, a major positivist historian from Germany, it contained antinomy of remaining in 'history' which was the modern temporal view. The second notion is 'tradition'. While the critical mind of 'world history' brought 'time of world' into question in the context of temporal realization, the notion of 'tradition' was to understand 'time of history' itself as the modern and overcome it. The critical mind of the notion involves the attempts to criticize regarding history as a 'progressive' process and to discover tradition as 'the present past' or 'the eternal present'. However, it also contained antinomy; the 'tradition' here was a notion that was created in the modern times, not passed down from ancient times. The third notion to consider is 'emergency', which was a method to define the present time as a transition period toward a new era, relating to states of war. However, the theorists of overcoming the modern did not regard 'emergency' as a particular time that strayed from normal states, instead they thought is as 'a regularized exceptional state', namely 'a state in which exceptions have become regulations'. However, the notion also contained antinomy since the word 'emergency' connotes abnormality.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.123-144
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• 2012

In the modern society in which globalization and localization proceed simultaneously, diversified and rapid migration of diaspora makes a new from of boundary off the frame of the state and the nation. This new border accompanies cultural change and racial mixture; retains ethnic conflict, the gap between rich and poor, alienation and discrimination, as well as power conflict; and extends its influence. Nowadays, the countries all over the world including Korea face problem of Diaspora in numerous forms. And each country takes an approach to the problem of the diaspora in the aspects of their society, culture and political technology. This implies that most countries, without understanding the new form of border which is alive and dynamic, define and conceptualize the diaspora in the frame of one state and one nation to carry forward the policies accordingly, resulting in inequal, incomplete and awkward homogenization. This study aimed to explore the identity of the diaspora, the core for the problem solving. Of course, studies about the identity of the diaspora have been continued until today and many great outcomes have been achieved. Nevertheless, this study aimed to explore the identity of the diaspora and the national policies which have a close interrelationship with it. It is because the study ultimately aimed to highlight the interrelationship between the destination countries, Russia and China, and the diaspora, through the definition and the classification of Russian diaspora and Chinese diaspora and the analysis of the national policies about that. However, the intention was not to distinguish superiority through the comparison of the polices about the diaspora between two countries, but to focus on the diversity of the identity of the diaspora through defining each different diaspora and paralleling the policies. Second, the reason for looking into the diaspora policies of these two countries is because it is judged the changes in the diaspora policies of each country is one of the active factors for the changes in the identify of the diaspora of each country and it is the basic research for the study on the identity of the diaspora. New migration of diaspora changes the identity of the state, and the state makes the policies and enforce the policies, resulting in the influence on the diaspora. This interaction acts as the growth factor for the new boundary. The causes of Russian diaspora and Chinese diaspora show apparent 'differences'. In parallel with this, the policies about the diaspora in Russia and China arouse 'differences' to the diaspora. The variation of the identity of the diaspora made by these differences will suggest other viewpoints on the diaspora, and these viewpoints will become the foundation for solving the problem of the diaspora in the present times.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.265-289
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• 2018

The word culture itself is very difficult to define. Therefore, in order to confine its meaning, many scholars prefer to attach different prefixes such as inter-, bi-, multi-, cross-, pluri-, trans-, in front of the adjective cultural instead of defining the word culture itself. These prefixes have been used along with about thirty various nouns, ranging from adaptability to training. In this paper, we focused on the adjective intercultural. In fact, this adjective has been widely used, not only in education but also in the communication and philosophy sectors among the world academia discourse. Intercultural Education appeared in America in the 1930s and also in the 1970s in Europe, in order to improve relations between immigrants and the people who received them. Intercultural communication arose in America as a cultural education program for American diplomats and professionals, while interculturalism appeared in the 1970s in Canada as a policy in opposition to multiculturalism. Intercultural philosophy started in 1990s Germany as philosophical speculation against Eurocentrism. As such, the adjective intercultural has been used with a combination of diverse nouns. In regards to this, one can ask the following questions: did the scholars have any kind of agreement during their discussions? Did they communicate and make a positive impact on each other? If not, how can we interpret their common use of the word intercultural? To answer these questions, we tried to compare fives types of intercultural waves of the 20th century, paying particular attention to their time periods, places and backgrounds of appearance, their emphases and shortcomings. Following our research, we found that intercultural waves in the 20th Century have developed independently despite their common use of the word intercultural. Therefore, we concluded that the use of same word intercultural was the result of humankind's effort to approach cultural differences in a positive way in the global village created by internationalization and globalization of the 20th century.