• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.25-43
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• 2021

Among the ancient ideas of East Asia, there is a myth about the symbol of the Four Gods who commands all directions in the east, south, west, and north, and this is also reflected in the medical field. However, although there is discussion about Qinglong Decoction (青龍湯), Baihu Decoction (白虎湯) and Xuanwu Decoction (玄武湯) in the 『Shanghan Lun (傷寒論)』, there is no content focusing on Zhuniao decoction (朱鳥湯). Considering the consistent perspective of 『Shanghan Lun』, which recognizes the disease-syndrome and seeks prescriptions based on yin and yang thinking, this is very unusual. Therefore, in this study, it was revealed that the concept of 'Sishen Decoction (四神湯)' itself was a concept that emerged when the authors of 『Shanghan Lun』 established the 'eight-principles syndrome differentiation (八綱辨證)' system in their recognition and response to diseases-syndromes. Based on this, I considered the following possibilities: They were able to present Qinglong decoction, Baihu Decoction and Xuanwu decoction, as appropriate prescriptions for 'exterior cold excess syndrome (表寒實證)', 'interior heat deficiency syndrome (裏熱虛證)', and 'interior cold deficiency syndrome (裏熱實證)'. However, it is possible that the name of the prescription 'Zhuniao decoction' was not intentionally used, because it was not possible to provide an appropriate prescription for 'exterior cold excess syndrome (表熱實證)'.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2010

This study is about researching DongEuiBoGam by analysing with pattern identification of modern Traditional Korean medical patholgy as more logical, systematic and standardized theory. Disease pattern mechanisms of essence, spirit, qi and blood in NaeGyungPyeb of DongEuiBoGam are these. In Essence, this explain mechanism of disease patterns those are seminal emission, dream emission, spermatorrhea, white ooze. These disease pattern's mechanisms are kidney yang deficiency, kidney yin deficiency, heart yang deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart qi deficiency, spleen qi deficiency and so on. On viewpoints of viscera and bowels they are related with heart, kidney, spleen. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. Classifying disease pattern of qi is about upward, downward movement and more concentrated deficiency than excess pattern. Fright palpitations can be classified heart deficiency with timidity, heart blood and qi deficiency, heart qi deficiency, heart blood deficiency, heart qi movement stagnation, water qi intimidating the heart, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, phlegm clouding the pericardium, and so on. Palpitations can be classified heart blood deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart deficiency with timidity, heart spleen blood deficiency, spleen qi deficiency, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, intense heart fire, and so on. Forgetfulness can be classified heart spleen blood deficiency, heart spleen qi deficiency, kidney essence deficiency, heart qi deficiency, non-interaction between the heart and kidney, etc. for deficiency pattern, phlegm clouding the pericardium for excess pattern. In Blood just say inside bleeding pattern's category, there are nose bleeding, flopping syncope, qi counterflow, blood vomiting, hemoptysis, spitting of blood, bloody stool, hematuria, and so on. Like these, this study identify pattern of disease in DongEuiBoGam by mechanism of disease theory.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2014

Objectives : Through the study on the complex efficacy of Sosihotang(小柴胡湯), it would be expected to comprehend the concept of diseases and syndromes that will be treated and principle of composing formula. Methods : It has been done to compare and analyse provisions of Shanghanlun related with Sosihotang(小柴胡湯). Results : Sosihotang(小柴胡湯) is fit to treat symptoms based on diseases having half exterior and half interior, deficiency and excess syndromes, because it is well-composed to focus on Soyangbyeong(少陽病) and Sosihotang(小柴胡湯) syndrome caused from lose of homeostasis in human body. Conclusions : Sosihotang(小柴胡湯) is one of the multipurpose formula that can be used to treat the syndromes and diseases of exterior and interionr(表裏), cold and heat(寒熱), deficiency and excess(虛實). Therefore it is necessary to research and develop the formula with the type.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.359-374
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• 2008

Objective : Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by excessive sweating. Some studies suggest that hyperhidrosis is associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hyperhidrosis is often accompanied by hypersensitivity, tension, irritability, heat flashes, fatigue, etc. This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between Oriental Medicine diagnosis and the autonomic nervous system function in patients with hyperhidrosis using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis. Methods : 23 palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis patients and 10 systemic hyperhidrosis patients were recruited and evaluated by Oriental Medicine diagnostic questionnaire and HRV analysis. The Oriental Medicine diagnostic questionnaire used a three-dimensional diagnosis that classified patients into Cold or Heat Syndrome, Yin or Yang Syndrome, and Deficiency or Excess Syndrome. Measured indices of HRV used the frequency domain analysis(i.e. TP, VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF ratio). Also, measure indices of HRV adjusted for aging effects were evaluated. Results : Cold/Heat Syndrome was not associated with hyperhidrosis prevalence nor the HRV analysis in hyperhidrosis patients. The Yang Syndrome group(78.8%) was more strongly correlated than the Yin Syndrome group(21.2%), and character of Yang was correlated with the adjusted TP and adjusted LF. The LF/HF ratio in the Excess Syndrome group was significantly higher than the LF/HF ratio in the Deficiency Syndrome group. Conclusion : Hyperhidrosis was not associated with the Cold/Heat Syndrome, but was found to be closely associated with the Yang Syndrome. The LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in the Excess Syndrome group than in the Deficiency Syndrome group in hyperhidrosis patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.169-180
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• 2000

Objectives : To satisfy the demand of good treatment of constipation Methods : we investigated the literatures of Oriental Medicine about Constipation. Results: 1. There are three categories of etimological factors of constipation, that is, endogenous, exogenous and non-exo-endogenous factor. The endogenous factor is caused by seven emotions, called depression of Ki and stagnation of Ki. The exogenous factor is six excessive atmospheric influences, for example, wind, cold, dampness, heat and dryness. And the non-exo-endogenous factors are overfatigue, improper diet, stagnated blood and deficiency of Ki and blood that comes from old age, long disease and after delivery. 2. Classification: According to cause of disease it is classified by constipation due to cold, heat, wind, dryness, retention of undigested and phlegm. According to Internal Organs there are constipation due to deficiency syndrome of the stomach, excess syndrome of the stomach, deficiency syndrome of kidney and splenic constipation. And Differentiation of syndromes according to Ki and blood, there are constipation of deficiency type and excess type. There are constipation due to stagnation and deficiency of Ki, deficiency of blood and stagnated blood. 3. Principles and Methods of treatment 1) Herbal Medicine (1) Excess type [1] Constipation due to heat : Seunggitang(承氣湯) and Majainwhan(麻子仁丸) [2] Constipation due to stagnation of Ki : Samatang(四磨湯) and Yukmatang(六磨湯) (2) Deficiency type [1] Constipation due to deficiency of Ki : Whanggitang(黃?湯) [2] Constipation due to deficiency of blood: Yunjangwhan(潤腸丸) [3] Constipation due to cold : Jechunjun(濟川煎) and Banyuwhan(半硫丸) 2) Enema therapy: It is a method to induce defecation by honey or pig's bile juice for weak people. 3) Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Acupoints used to treat constipation are BL25, ST25 and TE6. Moxibustion at CV8, CV6 is good for constipation due to cold. (4) Diet therapy: It is very important that we eat meals regularly and defecate on the same time even if you don't. And we have to eat food like fruits, vegetables and beans. (5) finger pressure: Finger pressing around these points like ST25, SP25, BL25, BL31, BL32, BL33 and BL34 is good for it. (6) Kigong therapy: Abdominal breathing (7) Old man' s constipation: Hip bath or diet therapy is commended. Laxation with lubricant like Supungyunjangwhan(搜風潤腸丸) is used. (8) Women' s constipation: After delivery, we have to administer tonifying prescription Sipjundaebotang(十全大補湯) and enema can be used. Conclusion : We have to examine the cause of disease and bowl movement carefully. After comprehensive analysis of the data gained by the four methods of diagnosis, we diagnose and treat patients on the base of overall of symptoms and signs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the agreement between traditional face-to-face Korean medicine (KM) pattern identification and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification using the data from related questionnaires, tongue image, and pulse features in patients with cancer. Methods: From January to June 2020, 16 participants with a cancer diagnosis were recruited at the one Korean medicine hospital. Three experienced Korean medicine doctors independently diagnosed the participants whether they belong to the cold pattern or not, heat pattern or not, deficiency pattern or not, and excess pattern or not. Another researcher collected KM pattern related data using questionnaires including Cold-Heat Pattern Identification (CHPI), tongue image analysis system, and pulse analyzer. Collected KM pattern related data without participants' identifier was provided for the three Korean medicine doctors in random order, and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification was carried out. The kappa value between face-to-face and non-face-to-face pattern identification was calculated. Results: From the face-to-face pattern identification, there were 13/3 cold/non-cold pattern, 4/12 heat/non-heat pattern, 14/2 deficiency/non-deficiency pattern, and 0/16 excess/non-excess pattern participants. In cold/non-cold pattern, kappa value was 0.455 (sensitivity: 0.85, specificity: 0.67, accuracy: 0.81). In heat/non-heat pattern, the kappa value was 0.429 (sensitivity: 0.75, specificity: 0.72, accuracy: 0.75). The kappa value of deficiency/non-deficiency and excess/non-excess pattern was not calculated because of the few participants of non-deficiency, and excess pattern. Conclusions: The agreement between traditional face-to-face pattern identification and non-face-to-face pattern identification seems to be moderate. The non-face-to-face pattern identification using questionnaires, tongue, and pulse features may feasible for the large clinical study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2020

Objectives : The goal of this study is developing standardized pattern identification of dizziness using delphi method. Methods : The pattern identification of dizziness which derived through literature review is studied by delphi method. A group of 9 experts of korean medicine participated in Delphi examination. Experts carried out evaluating and correcting the pattern identification and symptoms by e-mail. Results : Through 3 delphi examinations, final standardized pattern identification of dizziness was suggested. It consisted of 2 items of excess syndrome, 2 items of excess-deficiency combination syndrome, and 3 items of deficiency syndrome. Conclusions : By the delphi examinations among experts, a standardized pattern identification of dizziness was suggested. These pattern identification will contribute to research and treatment of korean medicine. Further study is necessary for modification of pattern identification by practical clinical use.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.44-61
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• 1995

Arranging 63 kinds of separate volumes and papers published on Oriental medicine, I could get the result as follows. 1. The herbs for internal application used commonly in vitiligo are 155 kinds totally. The herbs for external application are 67 kinds. The herbs for external and internal both application examined into 23 sorts. 2. Herbs for weakness syndrome in vitiligo are 49 kinds. Another type, excess syndrome is 105 sorts, the'latter is roughly twice as many as the former. 3. It is as follows that the results of study in relations to kinds, factors, and medical treatments of herbs about vitiligo in and out of the country with the division of former times to 1900, 1901 to 1980, 1981 to 1990, and 1991 to the latest day. In comparative study of inner and outer of thc country about factors and medical treatments of vitiligo in chronicle classification, its factors in the internal documents are classified by outside factors. Although there arc the differences of factors by each epoch, however, the factors of vitiligo according to external documents are blood stasis(血熱), deficiency of um of the liver and kidneys(肝腎陰虛), deficiency of blood(血虛), excess of exhaustion(勞倦過多) etc. Moreover, the medical treatment is more diverse and the differences by each epoch as to the medical treatment is also put down more saliantiy than in internal documents. 4. In comparison with herbs in experimental and no experimental documents, herbs applied for weakness syndromes in experimental method are 40 kinds totally. The herbs in no experimental methods are 35 kinds. The herbs used by experimental method are 65 kinds. The common herbs for excess syndrome by no experimental method are 78 kinds. We can see comparable difference from kinds of herbs used by experimental method. In brief, there are the differences classified by each epoch in Oriental medicine for treatment. Especially one of the most important feature, the frequency in use of weakness syndrome herbs has increased more than that of excess syndrome herbs. In external documents (china) and experimental study, generally the differences of common herbs and factors have disappeared through many experimentsitudy. The classification of its factors have been fractionalized clinically. Besides, in Western medicine and Orienal medicine, vitiligo tends to be prescribed not to simple skin disease but a mental and physical disease, a whole body and an internal disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2017

This study on "Wenbingtiaobian" covers identifying pattern of prescription, understanding system of multiple syndrome differentiations, characteristics of treatment and medicinal substances. The source books are "Korean translation of Wenbingtiaobian", "Modern Shanghanlun", "Jinkuiyaolueyishi", "Chinese Medicine Formulas". "Wenbingtiaobian" has system of multiple patterns including three energizer syndrome differentiation, classification of disease, six meridian syndrome differentiation and wei-qi-ying-xue syndrome differentiation. That describes cause, location, nature, power and transmutation of disease. Wei-qi-ying-xue pattern is meaningful to warm-heat disease and three energizer pattern is relevant to dampness-heat disease. The warm disease shows mostly yang brightness bowel syndrome and patterns of three yin viscera. In aspect of the heat disease, qi aspect pattern makes up the largest number of syndrome differentiation and have sometimes with bowel excess or fluid deficiency. And treatment for wei aspect pattern is primarily 'outthrust the pathogen with pungent-cool'. Deficiency cold pattern and cold pattern with dampness occupy most of cold patterns. And many dampness patterns are dampness-heat pattern in middle energizer and 'inhibited lung qi transforming' is major mechanism. Patterns with fluid deficiency in qi aspect syndrome appear mostly in upper or middle energizer and in xue aspect syndrome appear mostly in lower energizer and they form 20% of all syndrome differentiations. The treatment of clearing heat uses pungent-cool(cold) for upper energizer, sweet-cold for middle energizer, sweet(salty)-cold for lower energizer. The treatment of tonifying yin uses mostly salty-cold for middle or lower energizer. The treatment of outthrusting pathogen is applied to all the wei-qi-ying-xue aspect combined with other treatments by using pungent-cool(cold) and light herbs. Understanding diseases in the respect of syndrome differentiation can enhance understanding of modern diseases from a perspective of Korean Traditional Medicinal(KTM) and can make clinical application of KTM treatments easy. Data from this study are expected to be basic for standardization and systemization of KTM.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2011

Meniere's disease is an idiopathic syndrome of endolymphatic hydrops characterized by episodic vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss and ear fullness. The etiology and pathophysiology of the disease is still disputed. As yet, no treatment has conclusively modified the clinical course of the condition and thereby prevented the associated progressive hearing loss. We observed two cases of Meniere's disease treated with oriental herbal medication by the diagnosis of Deficiency-Excess. One patient had taken BangHyunOnDam-tang, and the other had taken ChungGanESa-tang. After treatment, vertigo attacks were controlled in both. Tinnitus and hearing loss were improved in one patient and unchanged in the other. Therefore, we believe that oriental herbal treatment may be a therapeutic modality that is effective in controlling Meniere's disease.