• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

Objective : We performed a clinical study to investigate pattern characteristics in persistent allergic rhinitis depending on Korean Medicine pattern questionnaire items as a pattern identification diagnostic tool. Method : 32 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis were asked to interview with doctor of Korean Medicine and perform the 4 pattern questionnaires(Cold-Heat Pattern, Phlegm Pattern, Yin Deficiency pattern, bloodstasis pattern). Then, we analyzed the response rate of each pattern questionnaires. Results : After diagnosis of Korean Medicine Doctor's pattern identification, 17 individual items have higher response rate, 7 of 17 items have a common tendency in allergic rhinitis. The other 8 of 10 items belong to Lung qi deficiency cold and Lung-spleen qi deficiency group, these have higher tendency of deficiency. In bloodstasis pattern questionnaires, we don't decide the tendency of patients with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion : The result may provide that we don't use Korean Medicine pattern questionnaires as a major tool in the pattern identification of allergic rhinitis. Continuous studies are needed to develop the standardized pattern identification diagnostic tool.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the agreement between traditional face-to-face Korean medicine (KM) pattern identification and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification using the data from related questionnaires, tongue image, and pulse features in patients with cancer. Methods: From January to June 2020, 16 participants with a cancer diagnosis were recruited at the one Korean medicine hospital. Three experienced Korean medicine doctors independently diagnosed the participants whether they belong to the cold pattern or not, heat pattern or not, deficiency pattern or not, and excess pattern or not. Another researcher collected KM pattern related data using questionnaires including Cold-Heat Pattern Identification (CHPI), tongue image analysis system, and pulse analyzer. Collected KM pattern related data without participants' identifier was provided for the three Korean medicine doctors in random order, and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification was carried out. The kappa value between face-to-face and non-face-to-face pattern identification was calculated. Results: From the face-to-face pattern identification, there were 13/3 cold/non-cold pattern, 4/12 heat/non-heat pattern, 14/2 deficiency/non-deficiency pattern, and 0/16 excess/non-excess pattern participants. In cold/non-cold pattern, kappa value was 0.455 (sensitivity: 0.85, specificity: 0.67, accuracy: 0.81). In heat/non-heat pattern, the kappa value was 0.429 (sensitivity: 0.75, specificity: 0.72, accuracy: 0.75). The kappa value of deficiency/non-deficiency and excess/non-excess pattern was not calculated because of the few participants of non-deficiency, and excess pattern. Conclusions: The agreement between traditional face-to-face pattern identification and non-face-to-face pattern identification seems to be moderate. The non-face-to-face pattern identification using questionnaires, tongue, and pulse features may feasible for the large clinical study.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2014

Objectives : We performed a clinical study to investigate autonomic conditions in persistent allergic rhinitis depending on various pattern identifications and the availability of heart rate variability (HRV) as a pattern identification diagnostic tool. Methods : 32 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis were asked to interview with doctor of Korean Medicine and perform the four pattern questionnaires (Cold-Heat Pattern, Phlegm Pattern, Yin Deficiency pattern, bloodstasis pattern). Then, they were examined their autonomic conditions with heart rate variability test. Results : Patients were classified as three pattern groups (Lung-stomach heat, Lung qi deficiency cold, Lung-spleen qi deficiency) by doctor. In the Lung qi deficiency cold group, Total power of the HRV (TP) and the power of the low frequency component (LF) significantly higher than in the Lung-stomach heat or Lung-spleen qi deficiency group (P < 0.05). Also, Patients were classified as 8 pattern groups (Cold/Heat, Phlegm/Non-phlegm, Yin deficiency/Non-yin deficiency, Bloodstasis/Non-bloodstasis) by four pattern questionnaires. Only in the Yin deficiency group, the power of the low frequency component (LF) significantly lower than in the Non-yin deficiency group (P < 0.05). There were not any significant differences in the rest groups. Conclusions : The result may provide that HRV doesn't reflect well the differences in the various pattern groups, and the HRV's availability is low. Continuous studies are needed to develop the objective and standardized pattern identification diagnostic tool for allergic rhinitis.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pathological patterns and hyperventilation syndrome, using pathological pattern and Nijmegen questionnaires. Methods: 33 healthy adults were asked to complete the Cold-Heat-, Phlegm-, Yin deficiency, and Lao Juan (勞倦)-pattern questionnaires, the Chalder fatigue scale, and the Nijmegen questionnaire at Kyung Hee University Hospital. We performed Pearson correlation analyses between the pathological pattern questionnaires and the Nijmegen questionnaire. The questionnaires were composed of several factors. Therefore, each factor and Nijmegen questionnaire score were also analyzed. Results: All of the pattern questionnaire scores had a positive correlation with the Nijmegen questionnaire score. The phlegm pattern, in particular, and the LaoJuan (勞倦) questionnaire scores had high correlation coefficients. The coefficient for the phlegm pattern was 0.856 and the coefficient for the LaoJuan (勞倦) pattern questionnaire was 0.855. Conclusions: The results mean that the pathological pattern questionnaires could be one of the reference materials to evaluate hyperventilation syndrome. Furthermore, improvement of pathological patterns may be helpful for treating hyperventilation syndrome, together with conventional therapies including breathing training.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.369-389
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Ryodoraku diagnosis and three pattern identification questionnaires, namely, Spleen Qi Deficiency, Stomach Qi Deficiency, and Food Retention in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. Methods: Forty FD patients who met the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for FD participated in this study. The Ryodoraku test was conducted, and three pattern identification questionnaires were filled up by all patients. The average Ryodoraku score was called total average (TA), and the scores on the Ryodoraku points were measured. The degree of Spleen Qi Deficiency, Stomach Qi Deficiency, and Food Retention was assessed by Spleen Qi Deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ), Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency pattern (SSQD), and Food Retention Questionnaire (FRQ). Results: The TA scores in the SQDQ patient group were lower than those in the SQDQ control group (p=0.091). The TA scores in the SSQD patient group were higher than those in the SSQD control group (p=0.651). The TA scores in the FRQ patient group were lower than those in the FRQ control group (p=0.851). The scores on the LH5, RH5, and RH6 points were significantly lower in the SQDQ patient group than in the SQDQ control group. However, no significant difference was found in the Ryodoraku scores among the other groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that the low TA and low Ryodoraku scores on the LH5, RH5, and RH6 points could be a quantitative indicator to diagnose Spleen Qi Deficiency in FD patients in a simpler manner. Larger studies on the Ryodoraku test in FD patients, the health control group, and other pattern identification groups are required.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2015

Objectives: The study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire for cold-heat & deficiency-excess pattern identification of dementia and establish a new version of the questionnaire. Methods: Mean, standard deviation, skewness, internal consistency, correlation and t-test of the 26 items derived from previous study was analyzed in 20 dementia patients. The items with Cronbach-${\alpha}$ coefficient below 0.7 were modified. Thus, we established a new version of the questionnaire consisting of 20 items. Results: Cronbach-${\alpha}$ of each cold, heat, deficiency and excess questionnaire was 0.662, -0.229, 0.722 and 0.778, respectively. The correlation coefficient between cold, heat, deficiency and excess was less than 0.4 and correlation coefficient between dementia and cold, deficiency was 0.518. On t-test, the t-value of cold, deficiency and dementia was -2.196. Conclusions: The results indicated that cold-heat, deficiency-excess questionnaires showed satisfactory discriminant validity. In addition, there was correlation between dementia and cold, deficiency. Finally, we established a new version of the questionnaire for cold-heat, deficiency-excess pattern identification that consisted of 20 items.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.624-643
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between Ryodoraku and two pattern-identification questionnaires in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS). Methods: The study participants were 30 patients with BMS who visited the Oral Diseases Clinic of Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital from June to November, 2019. The Ryodoraku test and two pattern-identification questionnaires were administered to all patients. Measurements included the average Ryodoraku score, which is called the Total Average (TA), and each score on the Ryodoraku point scale. The degree of Yin-deficiency, Qi-stagnation, and pain were assessed with the Yin-deficiency Questionnaire (YDQ), Qi-stagnation Questionnaire (QSQ), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively. Results: The average TA score was 29.90. The LF5 (p=0.013) and RF5 (p=0.016) scores were lower than the TA scores, and the RH5 (p=0.020) and RH6 (p=0.006) scores were higher than the TA scores. A negative correlation was detected between the YDQ scores and the LH1 (r=-0.366, p=0.046), LH2 (r=-0.507, p=0.004), LH3 (r=-0.374, p=0.042), RH1 (r=-0.361, p=0.050), RH2 (r=-0.403, p=0.027) points. The LF5 (p=0.050) and RF2 (p=0.048) scores were lower in the patients with Qi-stagnation patients than without Qi-stagnation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that low TA and Ryodoraku scores on LF5 and RF5 and high Ryodoraku scores on RH5 and RH6 could be quantitative indicators for the diagnosis of BMS. The LH1, LH2, LH3, RH1, RH2, LF5, and RF2 scores could also be an indicators for diagnosis of Yin-deficiency and Qi-stagnation in patients with BMS.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

Objective : This study is aimed to application possibility and status of pattern identification in middle and high school students. Method : This study was cross-sectional study. We recruited 277 students through school doctor program of Seongnam city in 2017. Male students are 66 in middle school, 32 in high school. Female students are 117 in middle school, 62 in high school. For pattern identification, we used the tool of Qui Xui Shui pattern identification in students. Students fill questionnaires in inquiry of pattern identification and Korean medicine doctor diagnosis inspection and palpation of students. Results : Among 277 students, no pattern identification were 114(41.2%). It appeared in the order of phlegm, blood deficinecy, qi deficiency, qi stagnation and qi reversal. Qi deficiency, qi stagnation, qi reversal, blood deficiency and phlegm pattern are statistically significant by gender except blood stagnation. of 277 students, 105 (37.9%) had one more pattern identification. Conclusions : This study showed possibility of Qui Xui Shui pattern for student health management. In the future, large scale follow up study will be needed to clarify the relationship of pattern identification and student's health.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.176-185
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• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between atopic dermatitis and a comprehensive diagnosis of Qi Blood Water in children with or without atopic dermatitis. Methods: We surveyed 206 children in Seoul Jungnang-gu nursery by reviewing the questionnaires following a medical examination. Comprehensive diagnosis of Qi Blood Water was investigated by questionnaires and composition scores and total scores were calculated from the symptom scores. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed by ophthalmo.otolaryngo.dermatologist and atopic dermatitis symptom was measured by a Visual analogue scale(VAS). Comparisons between the atopic and non-atopic groups were made based on the atopic dermatitis symptom scale, composition scores and total scores. Results : 1. Of the 206 patients, 153(74.27%) were included in the non-atopic group, while 53(25.73%) were included in the atopic group. There was no difference in average age between the two groups. 2. The atopic dermatitis symptom scale of atopic group(3.21$\pm$2.018) was significantly higher than that of non-atopic group(0.04$\pm$0.28). 3. Qi deficiency, Qi stagnation, Blood stasis and Water congestion scores and the total scores of the atopic group were higher than those of the non-atopic group, but it was not significant. 4. The Qi regurgitation and Blood deficiency scores of atopic group were significantly higher than those of the non-atopic group. 5. There was a highly significant correlation between the atopic dermatitis symptom scale and Qi regurgitation scores, and between the atopic dermatitis symptom scale and Blood deficiency scores. Conclusion : Atopic dermatitis seems to have a special feature reflecting the state of comprehensive diagnosis of Qi regurgitation and Blood deficiency in children.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

The study was to investigate the agreement rate between the statistical diagnosis of pattern identification by discriminant analysis and the clinical diagnosis of pattern identification by medical specialist in obese patients with BMI$\geqq$23. The agreement rate of deficiency of the spleen, phlegm-retention, deficiency of Yang, retention of undigested food, stagnation of liver Gi, and blood stagnation are 0.40, 0.33, 0.52, 0.76, 0.71, and 0.66, respectively and accuracy rate and prediction rate using linear discriminant function are 0.59 and 0.61, respectively. Therefore, the complementary management in CRF questionnaires and/or consultation from experts will improve the accuracy and prediction rate, which will be helpful for pattern identification of obesity by clinical experts.