• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of collection time on the physical characteristics, Nutritive value, digestibility and palatability in rice straw. Collection time of rice straw after the rice harvest was allocated into nine treatments: T1 (10 days), T2 (25 days), T3 (40 days), T4 (55 days), T5 (70 days), T6 (85 days), T7 (100 days), T8 (115 days) and T9 (130 days). The results are summarized as follow: Plant length, leaf length and green degree were decreased with prolonging collection time. Mold distribution and dry matter loss were increased with prolonging collection time. Crude protein and crude fat were decreased with prolonging collection time, crude fiber were increased with prolonging collection time. But crude ash showed multifarious. In situ dry matter digestibility was decreased with prolonging collection time. Palatability of Hanwoo, Holstein and deer was decreased with prolonging collection time. The results of this study indicate that good rice straw collection time would be recommendable during the from 10 days to 40 days after rice straw harvest.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.280-288
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• 2013

Hua-Tuo(145-208) created five "WuQinXi" exercise by imitating the movements of a tiger, a deer, a bear, a monkey and a bird. The "WuQinXi" exercise, one of the medical Qi-gongs, is an exercise maximizing human's self healing power and has been effective significantly at several modern researches. There are many exercise therapies in western medcine, such as Willamss flexion exercise, Mckenzie's extension exercise, vertebral stabilization exercise and so on. However, there isn't a special exercise therapy which can be applied for medical practice in oriental medicine. So We selected some motions from "WuQinXi" exercise, which are suitable for lumbar spinal disease, and analyzed them. After that, We assorted them by kinds of lumbar spinal disease. First, We selected 22 motions which are related with lumbar movements from 3 type "WuQinXi" exercises ; 10 mode, 15 mode, 18 mode. And then, We classified them according to lumbar movements as flexion, extention, lateral bending and rotation, and also functions as stabilization and rubbing. Next, with these classifications, We assorted those motions by kinds of lumbar spinal disease as HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc), spinal stenosis, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, facet joint syndrome, compression fracture and spondylosis. We expect that trying "WuQinXi" exercise at clinic in this way, the particular exercise therapy of oriental medicine, "WuQinXi" exercise will become more popular. And Oriental medical doctors will be able to teach patients "WuQinXi" exercise's motions easily at clinic, depending on kinds of lumbar spinal disease each patient suffers from. We plan to study more about 20 mode, 30 mode, 40 mode and the effect of "WuQinXi" exercise by comparing patients who do the "WuQinXi" exercise with the patients who do the western medical exercise therapy.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-154
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• 2000

This study was conducted to provide basic data for development of public information program and public policy which could prevent the medicine abuse in Korea, examining the level of knowledge of medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from the 2,011 residents who live in mtropolitan cities, large-sized cities, small and medium cities, and small towns The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) In case of purchasing of medicines in pharmacy, 67.3％ of the respondents chose the medicines through recommendations of the professionals such as pharmacists and doctors, while 32.7％ of the respondents chose the medicine through self-judgement, advertizing, or recommendation of relative. 2) 64.7％ of the respondents obtained the information on medicines through TV. It appeared to be higher in the groups of female of the twenties, the unmarred, a brother and sister threesome, highschool graduates, housewives, residents in small and medium cities, atheists, and the middle class, displaying the significant difference from the other groups. 3) 40.5％ of the respondents recognized the side effect of the medicine when they took the medicine, while 34.4％ did not recognize it. The rate of experience in the side effect was 39.7％. The informations on the medicine abuse and the risk of addiction were obtained through broadcast media (47.9％), publications (12.1％), and health professionals (11.6％). 4) 81.1％ of the respondents experienced taking of the fatigue relieving medicine. The experience in taking of the fatigue relieving medicine appeared to be higher in the groups of the forties. the married. a brother and sister threesome. highschool graduates. persons engaging in farming, livestock raising, and forestry, the residents in small towns, and Christians. Each group displayed the significant difference from the other groups. 5) According to the level of knowledge of medicines, the respondents marked average 11.7 ± 3.76 points on the base of 24 points. It appeared to be higher in the groups of female of the twenties, a brother and sister foursome, college graduates, teachers, Catholics, and the middle class, displays the significant difference from the other groups. 6) According to the experience in taking of health medicine and health food, 81.1％ of respondents had the experience in taking ‘the fatigue relieving medicine’; 72.4％ ‘carrot or vegetable juice’; 69.5％ ‘ginseng’; 63.0％ ‘mushroom’; 42.5％ ‘dog meat’; 38.0％ ‘aloe’; 36.4 ‘deer antlers’; 11.4％ ‘snake’; 2.0％ ‘the penis of a fur seal’. 7) The factors influencing the level of knowledge of medicine include experiences in taking of the tonic, the fatigue relieving medicine, and the nutritive medicine, economic status, the number of brothers and sisters, education level, marital status, father's education level, and age. The factors influencing the experience in side effect of medicine are experiences in taking of the fatigue relieving medicine, the nutritive medicine, and the tonic, sex, age, education level, father's education level, marital status, economic status, religion, and the number of brothers and sisters. In conclusion, it is estimated that the level of knowledge of medicines is significantly low in Korea. Especially, it is found out that workmen, students, the upper class, the class of low education level, and persons engaging in farming, livestock raising, and forestry neglect importance of knowledge of medicine. Therefore, it is necessary for public authority, associations related, and health professionals to develop programs for public information and education to help people obtain basic knowledge of medicine.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

A new functional meaning has been given as natural resource to bamboo through reanalysis. Bamboo products contributed to creating added-value of pro-environment. In this study, a potential efficiency and vision of bamboo products and crafts are presented. As bamboo plywood and bamboo decorating paper were developed followed by academic and technological support, an activation of markets has been pursued and bamboo pattern tiles for new furniture was developed. This study examined kinds and characteristics of bamboo and processing of raw material and how to express with the material. Through advanced technology, it identified traditional functions and technological mistakes and analysed domestic and overseas applications to enhance utility of plywood made of bamboo. Bamboo pattern tiles were developed for decorating of furniture doors based on bamboo pattern paper. For patterns, 'tortoise, cranes, and deer'meaning eternity and new millenium among Ten Korean Longevity Animals are simply and lively represented. Series of the sun and mountain use effects of bamboo pieces to present bright images and to maximize quality of bamboo. A pattern of '卍'incorporates mystery of the cosmos and meaning of temples together with traditional patched wrapping cloth, Arirang and Chilgyopannori for beautiful ornamentation. Bamboo decorating tiles are made through accumulation of technologies by a cooperation with industries of bamboo equipment and production of furniture in Damyang Bamboo Products Complex. Processing of raw materials is peformed with equipment of Damyang. Development of samples and production and delivery of bamboo goods are handled in Design Venture of Chosun University Chamber. Developed goods decorating doors of furniture are in sale by an order from furniture industries.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-38
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• 2000

It has been widely said in Korea that early administrations of Cervi cornu parvum (deer antler) to febrile infants affect brain functions. Traditional Oriental Medicine states that the head is easily affected by fever and only an excess of heat causes headaches. Traditional Oriental Medicine also states that Cervi cornu parvum cannot be used in febrile conditions. With the aim of investigating different febrile response to LPS, experiments using intravenous injection of LPS have been carried out on Cervi comu parvum(CCP) and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum(SB-CCP) administered rabbits. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the effects of early administration of CCP on learning and memory in 3 week old rats with LPS fever. These were evaluated by using the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze. Changes in body weight were also observed during this period. The results of these experiments are as follows. 1. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, the CCP and SB-CCP administered group showed statistically significant reductions of fever (p<0.05). 2. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, CCP and SB-CCP administered rabbits resulted in the tendency of lower body temperatures and shorter fever periods than the control group. 3. There were no differences of mean body weight and fever patterns among the 4 groups in the experiments on young rats with LPS fever. 4. There was no statistical difference of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I (DDW administered), GroupIII (CCP administered), and groupIV (SB-CCP administered) in the Morris water maze. However, Group Ⅱ (the scopolamine administered group) showed delayed latencies on the second day of the first session (p<0.05), and the second and third day of the second session (p< 0.05). 5. There were no statistical differences of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I, III and Ⅳ in the radial arm maze, but Group Ⅱ showed delayed latencies on the first and third day of the first session (p<0.05). 6. There was no influence from the administration of CCP and SB-CCP on the general behavior of the rats in Irwin´s test. These results suggest that Cervi cornu parvum and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum have anti-pyretic actions on LPS fever. The results also suggest that these drugs have no influence on learning and memory in young rats with LPS fever in the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

Purpose : This study compares prescriptions in the 1901 edition of the Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元) and the 1901 edition of 24 Revised Tae-eum constitution prescriptions (新定太陰人病應用要藥二十四方) (1901PCDT) with medical herbs found in classical texts. This study also examines whether to include patterns which compose medical herbs for the person of Tae-eum constitution (太陰人). Method : The prescriptions for Tae-eum-in in the Shinchukbon and the ingredients of medical herbs of the prescriptions of the Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue (景岳全書), Secret Works of Universal Benefit (廣濟秘笈), Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑), Comprised Edition for Formulas (方藥合編), Protecting Essence for Longevity (壽世保元), Introduction to Medicine (醫學入門), New Book for Saving People (濟衆新編 ENGLISH), and Compendium of Local Medicinals and Formulas (鄕藥集成方) were input into a database. The prescriptions were examined and combinations of medical herbs used to treat the person of Tae-eum constitution were noted. Result : Among the prescriptions for the person of Tae-eum constitution, similar examples of the 17 prescriptions of Kudzu Decoction to Relieve the Muscles (葛根解肌湯), Regulate the Stomach and Coordinate the Purity Decoction (調胃升淸湯), Clear the Heart and Lotus Pip Decoction (淸心蓮子湯), Decoction for Stabilizing Asthma with Ephedra (麻黃定喘湯), Profuse Heat and Sparse Cold Decoction (熱多寒少湯), Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根承氣湯), Major Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根大承氣湯), Minor Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根小承氣湯), Decoction for Dispersing the Exterior with Ephedra (麻黃發表湯), Boost the Lung Essence Decoction (補肺元湯), Major Supplementing Decoction with Deer Antler Velvet (鹿茸大補湯), Boosting Black Essence Pill (拱辰黑元丹), Honeylocust Fruit and Rhubarb Decoction (皂角大黃湯), Kudza and Duckweed Decoction (葛根浮萍湯), Sweet Flag and Polygala Powder (石菖蒲遠志散), Liriopis and Polygala Decoction Powder (麥門冬遠志散), and Cattle Gallstone Formula to Clear the Heart (牛黃淸心元) were found in important ancient literature and Dried Chestnut and Holotrichia Decoction (乾栗蠐螬湯) and Dried Chestnut and Tree of Heaven Root Bark Decoction (乾栗樗根皮湯) are the combination originally set by Lee Jema. Conclusion : Because 70.8% of the prescriptions in 1901PCDT could be found in literature which were pervasive in the period of the Joseon Dynasty (the period of Ming and Qing), it corresponds with Lee Jema's view that medical men in the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties disclosed half of the prescriptions for Tae-eum person by studying these texts more.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

To minimize cultivation costs, prevent insect-pest infestation, and improve the production efficiency of thermophilic mushrooms, plant substrates obtained from local areas in Cambodia were used for production of both spawn and mushrooms. In this experiment, different sawdusts different organic wastes and grain ingredients and analyzed for improvement of spawn-production efficiency. Four thermophilic mushroom species, Pleurotus sajor-caju (oyster mushroom, Sambok), Ganoderma lucidum (deer horn shaped), Auricularia auricula (ear mushroom), and Lentinula edodes (shiitake), were used to identify efficient new substrates for spawn and mushroom production. Although the mycelia in the rubber tree sawdust medium showed a slightly slower growth rate (10.9 cm/15 days) than mycelia grown in grains (11.2 cm/15 days in rice seeds), rubber tree sawdust appeared to be an adequate replacement for grain spawn substrates. Th findings indicate that rubber tree sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and acacia tree sawdust supplemented with rice bran and calcium carbonate could be new alternative the substrates for. Although sugarcane bagasse and rubber tree sawdust showed similarly high biological efficiencies (BE) of 60% and 60.8%, respectively, acacia tree sawdust exhibited relatively a low biological efficiency of 22.4%. However, it is expected that acacia sawdust has potential for the mushroom cultivation when supplemented with currently used sawdust substrates in Cambodia, because of its relatively low price. The price of the sawdust (20 kg sawdust= 6500 Riel or 1.6 USD) currently used was 6.5 times higher than the price of acacia sawdust (201000 Riel or 0.25 USD). Therefore, utilization for acacia sawdust for mushroom cultivation could become feasible as it would reduce by producing costs of mushrooms in rural areas of Cambodia.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2002

Drying process is very important for commercialization of velvet antlers. So far, artificial drying has mostly depended on experience of farmers resulting in low efficiency of drying, deterioration during drying, and contamination by dust and bacteria. Various drying techniques for high-quality production have currently been commercialized in some developed countries, and one of them is a drying technique using microwave. In this study, application of the technique using an electronic (microwave) oven for drying of velvet antler was investigated. The results of this study are as follows. 1. It was found that the drying period was significantly affected by cornification of velvet antlers. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the velvet antlers should partly be sliced to save drying period and required drying energy. 2. It was also found that the drying speed was changeable according to tempering period and even with same drying period. The tempering period should be controlled according to processing rate. 3. The results indicated that a repeated drying of 2-min drying and 3-min tempering is the most effective when a microwave oven was used. 4. The results also showed that the drying technique using microwave of electronic oven can be effectively used for drying of velvet antlers. 5. Only drying and tempering periods were examined in this study, however, ingredient change of deer antler after drying is necessary to be investigated in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.322-322
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• 2017

To avoid drought stress under rainfed upland conditions, it is important for rice to efficiently utilize water at shallow soil layers supplied by rainfall, and access to water retained in deer soil layers. The root developmental characteristics of rice, which play important role in the adaptability to drought conditions, vary depending on the variety. Moreover, water availability for plant differs depending on the soil types that have different physical properties such as water holding capacity, permeability, capillary force, penetration resistance, etc. In this study, we evaluated growth and yield responses of rice varieties to various soil water deficit conditions under three different soil types. The experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization-Mwea from October 2016 to January 2017. Two upland varieties (NERICA 1 and 4) and one lowland variety (Komboka) were grown in handmade PVC pots (15.2 cm diameter and 85.0 cm height) filled with three different types of soil collected from major rice-growing areas of the country, namely black cotton (BC), red clay (RC), and sandy clay (SC). Three watering methods, 1) supplying water only from the soil surface (W1), 2) supplying water only from the bottom of the pots (W2), and 3) supplying water both from the soil surface and the bottom of pots (W3), were imposed from 40 days after sowing to maturity. Soil water content (SWC) at 20, 40, and 60 cm depths was measured regularly. At the harvesting stage, aboveground and root samples were collected to determine total dry weight (TDW), grain yield, and root length at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm soil layers. Irrespective of the watering methods, the greatest root development was obtained in RC, while that in BC was less than other two soils. In BC, the degree of yield reduction under W1 was less than that in RC and SC, which could be attributed to the higher water holding capacity of BC. In RC, the growth and yield reduction observed in all varieties under W1 was attributed to the severe drought stress. On the other hand, under W2, SWC at the shallow soil depth in RC was maintained because of its higher capillary force compared with BC and SC. As the result, growths and yields in RC were not suppressed under W2. In SC, deep root development was not promoted by W2 irrespective of the varieties, which resulted in significant yield losses. Under W1, the rice growth and yield in SC was decreased although shallow root development was enhanced, and the stomatal conductance was maintained higher than RC. It was suspected that W1 caused nutrients leaching in SC because of its higher permeability. Under rainfed conditions, growth and yield of rice can be strongly affected by soil types because dynamics of soil water conditions change according to soil physical properties.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

This study investigated mammal fauna in the sabbatical area of Mt. Unmun, Kyungsangbuk-do from December, 2007 to September, 2009. A total of 24 species belonging to 11 Families, 6 Orders, were identified in the survey area. Dominant species were as follows: Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis), Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus), Korean mole (Mogera wogura), and East Asian field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae). Especially, four Legal Protection Species specified as National Monument (NM) and Endangered Species (ES) found in this survey were as follows: Flying squirrel (Petromys volans; NM #328 and ES level II), Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra; NM #330 and ES level I), Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis; ES level II) and Marten (Martes flavigula; ES level II). These results on the geographical distribution of various mammal species and Legal Protection Species indicate that this area is a valuable ecosystem for native mammal species. On the other hand, many feral cats were also found and specified as a management species. The results of this study show that further long-term investigation and management plan are needed to protect against harmful species and maintain the native ecosystem of Mt. Unmun.