• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.840-846
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary corticosterone on egg quality. For 2 weeks hens received either control or experimental diet containing corticosterone at 30 mg/kg diet. Feed intake and egg production were monitored daily, and body weight measured weekly. Egg weights and egg quality were measured daily. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in feed intake and sharp decrease in egg production compared with control (p<0.05) whereas body weight remained unchanged. Decreased albumen height, but no changes in egg weight, led to decreased Haugh unit (p<0.05). Corticosterone caused elevated eggshell thickness (p<0.05) without altering weight and strength, suggesting possible changes in shell structure. Yolk color and redness were increased by corticosterone (p<0.05) but lightness and yellowness were either not changed or inconsistent over the time period of measurements. Increased concentrations in plasma were also found for corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and amylase (p<0.05), suggesting that corticosterone increased protein breakdown, renal dysfunctions and pancreatitis. Together, the current results imply that dietary corticosterone affects egg quality such as yolk colors and shell thickness, in addition to its effects on feed intake and egg production.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.513-519
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• 2012

Aged garlic extract (AGE) is known to have a protective effect against immune system, endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammation. We examined the effects of exercise with and without aged garlic extract administration on body weight, lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress marker in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a HFD (HFD, n = 40) or a normal diet (ND, n = 5) for 6 weeks and thereafter randomized into ND (n = 5), HFD (n = 10), HFD with AGE (n = 10), HFD with Exercise (n = 10), or HFD with Exercise+AGE (n = 10) for 4 weeks. AGE groups were administered at a dose of 2.86 g/kg body weight, orally. Exercise consisted of running 15-60 min 5 days/week with gradually increasing intensity. AGE (P<0.01), Exercise, and Exercise+AGE (P<0.001) attenuated body weight gain and food efficiency ratio compared to HFD. Visceral fat and liver weight gain were attenuated (P<0.05) with all three interventions with a greater effect on visceral fat in the Exercise+AGE than AGE (P<0.001). In reducing visceral fat (P<0.001), epididymal fat (P<0.01) and liver weight (P<0.001), Exercise+AGE was effective, but exercise showed a stronger suppressive effect than AGE. Exercise+AGE showed further additive effects on reducing visceral fat and liver weight (P<0.001). AGE significantly attenuated the increase in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with HFD (P<0.05). Exercise+AGE attenuated the increase in triglycerides compared with HFD (P<0.05). Exercise group significantly decrease in C-reactive protein (P<0.001). These results suggest that AGE supplementation and exercise alone have anti-obesity, cholesterol lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects, but the combined intervention is more effective in reducing weight gain and triglycerides levels than either intervention alone.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1987

The object of this study was to determine the difference of radiation effect in different fractional doses and to establish optimal fractionation schedule on the whole-abdominal X-ray irradiation. Total 160 mice were irradiated with 150 KVP, 15 mA orthovoltage x-ray machine and two different fractionation (100 cGy/Fr. and 200 cGy/Fr.) were used. Body weight, hemoglobin and WBC count with differential count were analyzed according to the same amount of total dose, same field size and two different fractionation schedules. The result of this study were summarized as follows: There was no significant difference in body weight and hemoglobin concentration by sex or fractional dose. Leukopenic change was prominent in the 3,000 cGy irradiation group and the proportion of decrease was remarkable in the 200 cGy/Fr, group than 100 cGy/Fr, group. Progressive decrease of lymphocyte count and reciprocal increase of neutrophil count were noted as dose increment. The effect of the fractional does on WBC count and proportion of lymphocyte were significant. This suggests that judicious selection of fractional dose may be important in clinical radiotherapeutic practice.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2008

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential adverse effects of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol on pregnant dams after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 19 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The tested chemical was administered orally to pregnant rats at dose levels of 0, 10, 30, or 90 mg/kg/day. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, and Caesarean section findings were examined. In the 90 mg/kg group, decreases in the body weight gain and food consumption, and increases in the weights of liver and adrenal glands were observed. Serum biochemical investigations revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin (BIL) and decreases in glucose (GLU), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). In the 30 mg/kg group, a decrease in the food consumption and an increase in the liver weight were observed. Serum biochemical investigation also showed increases in CHO and TG and a decrease in glucose. Since there were no signs of maternal toxicity in the 10 mg/kg group, it is considered to be the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol. It is concluded that successive oral administration of 1,3-dichloro- 2-propanol to pregnant rats for 14 days may cause significant toxicities in body weight and liver at a dose rate ${\geq}$ 30 mg/kg/day.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of crude saponin from red ginseng efflux (RGE-CS) on biochemical parameters in male rats acutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-$\rho$-dioxin (TCDD). Forty male rats ($200{\pm}20g$) were divided into 4 groups. Normal control group (NC) received vehicle and saline; only TCDD-treated group (TT) received TCDD ($5{\mu}g/kg$, single dose) intrperitoneally; RGE-CS 20 received 20 mg/kg of crude saponin i.p. for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD-exposure; RGE-CS 40 also received 40 mg/kg of crude saponin i.p. for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD-exposure. Body weight of TT group was significantly decreased after TCDD-exposure. However, body weight of crude saponin groups increased throughout the experimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Decrease in body weight was not observed during the experimental period in RGE-CS 40. Increases in triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), AST, ALT and $Fe^{2+}$ levels by TCDD intoxication were significantly attenuated by the RGE-CS treatment. Decrease in glucose, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK) by TCDD also were inhibited by the RGE-CS. These results suggest that saponin from red-ginseng efflux might be a useful protective agent against TCDD, an endocrine disrupter.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.183-197
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• 1997

In order to detect the safety and effect of various aqua-acupunctures from Scutellariae Radix, the modifications of boiling, filtration and dilution were employed for the manufacture of aqua-acupunctures. We injected 0.2cc of aqua-acupunctures into Joksamri (足三里) of rat, repeatedly. We compared subacute toxicity of them with saline group, distilled water(D.W.) group, acupuncture group and control group. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The groups were all healthy and alive, and there was no special abnormality in physical condition and autopsy. And there were not any toxic symptoms in repeating application of aqua-acupunctures to the rat, including changes of body weight, organ weight, haematological examination and serum biochemical test. 2. There was slight change of body weight in acupuncture group : We could see significance after 3 days(p<0.05) and after 7 days(p<0.001) in body weight loss. After 9 days, all tested groups were suppressed in body weight increment. 3. Result of organ weight : In Palkang aqua-acupuncture(D-2 group), saline group and acupuncture group there were some statistical significance. Especially, acupuncture group revealed significant result in liver and spleen than aqua-acupunctures. From this result, we could suggest that the efficacy of acupuncture was preceded herbal medicine. 4. In serum biochemical test, we examined glucose(GLU), triglyceride(TG) and cholesterol(CHOL). In comparison with control group, the diluted 10 times of Hwanggum aqua-aqupuncture$({\times}10\;group)$ was recognized significant decrease of glucose, but the diluted 100 times of Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture$({\times}100\;group)$, D-2 group, saline group were confirmed significant increment. There was not any meaningful change of CHOL in all of tested group, excepting the acupuncture group was exhibited statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). In TG level all tested group except complex injection of standard compound(CPA group) and HG, there were significant value iii statistically. The diluted solution was more significant decrease than Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture(HG). The mutual relationship of components of aqua-acupunture tended to decrease level of TG, regardless of its concentration. In acupunture guoup, we gained some interesting result In meaningful decrease in 7G. 5. Haematological examination showed significant increment of granulocytes(GR) in all tested groups except Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture. And the diluted solutions of HG expressed very high increment of them(p<0.001). The GR and Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) of acupuncture group showed statistical significance.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat on prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Method : In this experiment, the rats were ovariectomized. Rats were administered by 2 kinds of medicine, Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat. Results : The levels of spinal bone mineral density was significantly increased in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum osteoclacin and calcium didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum ALP showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 3 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix group, and showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum phosphorus showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 3, 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of urine calcium and phosphorus didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial calcium showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral phosphorus showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial ash weight showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. And the levels of fibula-tibial ash weight showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix group. The levels of body weight and uterus weight didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflon Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimetal results, it appears that Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat have efficacy on prevention of osteoporosis. In particular Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat showed good efficacy in comparison with Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2009

The present study was set to evaluate the effect of pomegranate extracts on improvement of the menopausal syndromes such as face flushing in ovariectomized rats by carrying out short- and long-term experiments. Pomegranate extracts used to feed rats were prepared from the pulp part which does not contain the rid of the pomegranate, and were dissolved in propylene glycol. From the short-term (16 days) experiment, it was clear that when the 25, 250, 1,250 mg/kg/day concentrations of pomegranate extracts were orally fed to ovariectomized rats, the body temperature of the rats in all the 3 groups were decreased with statistical significance compared to other control groups which were fed with propylene glycol only. Especially, the body temperature decreased by $2.7^{\circ}C$ compared to control groups even when the pomegranate extracts were fed at the low concentration of 25 mg/kg/day implying the usefulness of pomegranate extracts in improving face flushing troubles. In addition, the body weight of the groups fed with pomegranate extracts also decreased when compared to groups fed with only propylene glycol, and the results were also statistically significant. In case of the estradiol level in the blood of rats, the levels were somewhat higher in the groups fed with pomegranate extracts than the control groups, even though the difference was not statistically significant. As found from the results of the short-term experiment, in long-term experiment, the groups fed with pomegranate extracts showed statistically significant decrease in the body temperature and the body weight, whereas the increase of the estradiol levels in blood in each groups were statistically insignificant. During the short- and long-term experiments, no sign of toxicity was found in rats fed with pomegranate extracts indicating no toxic side effects of the pomegranate extracts when orally fed. The concentrations of pomegranate extracts 25, 250, 1250 mg/kg/day treated to ovariectomized rats in this study can be estimated to be 1.5, 15, and 75 g/day when treated to women whose body weight is 60 kg which is average for women with menopausal syndromes. Since even the 75 g/day of high concentration of pomegranate extracts did not show any toxicity in short- and long-term experiments, taking 1.5 g/day concentration of pomegranate extracts would be safe dose for not causing any side effects. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results of this study that taking 1.5 g/day of pomegranate extracts for certain period time will improve the menopausal syndromes including face flushing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.487-492
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• 2012

Trace element zinc deficiency or excess is implicated in the development or progression of some cancers. The exact role of zinc in the etiology of colon cancer is unclear. To cast light on this question, an experimental model of colon carcinogenesis was applied here. Six week old rats were given sub cutaneous injections of DMH (30 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for three months and sacrificed after 4 months (precancer model) and 6 months (cancer model). Plasma zinc levels showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) at 4 months and a greater significant decrease at 6 months (p<0.01) as compared with controls. In the large intestine there was a significant decrease in tissue zinc levels (p<0.005) and in CuZnSOD, and alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.05) in the pre-cancerous model and a greater significant decrease in tissue zinc (p<0.0001), and in CuZnSOD and alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.001), in the carcinoma model. The tissue zinc levels showed a significant decrease in the small intestine and stomach (p<0.005) and in liver (p<0.05) in the cancer model. 87% of the rats in the precancer group and 92% rats in the cancer group showed histological evidence of precancerous lesions and carcinomas respectively in the colon mucosa. This study suggests that the decrease in plasma zinc, tissue zinc and activity of zinc related enzymes are associated with the development of preneoplastic lesions and these biochemical parameters further decrease with progression to carcinoma in the colon.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2023

Sarcopenia is a phenomenon in which muscle function, including muscle strength, deteriorates as muscle mass decreases in the process of increasing age. The diagnosis of sarcopenia utilizes total muscle mass and limb muscle mass, and limb muscle mass is expressed as height squared, body weight, and BMI. Each divided value is used as an index, mainly less than 7.23 kg/m2 for men and less than 5.67 kg/m2 for women. Grip strength, standing up from a chair, and walking speed were mainly used as physical function factors, and grip strength less than 27 kg for men and less than 16 kg for women were used as indicators. The limb muscle mass showed a decreasing trend after peaking in the mid-20s in men, and maintaining a gradual peak in women from the mid-20s to the mid-40s, showing a more rapid decline in men. The rate of decrease in muscle mass and strength continues to increase after the age of 20, and muscle strength rapidly decreases after the age of 80. In Korean men, total muscle mass and limb muscle mass show a decreasing trend from the mid-30s, and a more markedly rapid decrease from the age of 60. For women, it remains constant from the age of 30 to the age of 50, then gradually decreases after the mid-50s, and shows a rather rapid decrease after the mid-70s, showing a more gradual decrease than that of men. Men show a sharp decrease from the mid-40s when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared, and women show a marked decrease after 70 years old when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared. Exercise for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia results in an increase in protein assimilation hormone, an increase in antioxidant activity, a decrease in inflammation, an increase in muscle insulin sensitivity, and an increase in protein synthesis. Resistance exercise is basically used, and aerobic exercise and equilibrium A combination of exercises is effective. In addition, for a more efficient effect of sarcopenia through resistance exercise, it is necessary to supplement nutrition including protein.