• Architectural research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2005

Throughout history, buildings have been interrelated with certain indigenous characteristics such as regional climate, culture and religions. In particular, the control of regional climate has been primarily a concern for compatibility with nature. In our modern age, technologies to control climate have been successfully developed in architecture but the consumption of large quantities of natural resources can also produce environmental problems. This study is based on the proposition that this negative trend can be minimized with architectural design that is motivated to coexist with a regional climate. This study develops these design strategies for tall office buildings by analyzing various combinations of building design configurations based on regional climates. The objective is to determine the optimum architecture of tall office buildings during the initial design process that will reduce energy consumption for regional climatic conditions. The eQUEST energy simulating program based on DOE-2.2 was used for this comparative analysis study of the energy use in tall office buildings based on architectural design variables and different regional climates. The results are statistically analyzed and presented in functional architectural design decision-making tables and charts. As a result of the comparison of architectural design consideration for tall office buildings in relation to regional climates, buildings physically need less energy consumption when the architecture is concerned with the regional climate and it produces a more reasonable design methodology. In reality, imbalanced planning which is architectural design's lack of regional characteristics requires additional natural resources to maintain desired comfortable indoor conditions. Therefore, the application of integrated architectural design with regional nature should be the first architectural design stage and this research produces the rational. This architectural design language approach must be a starting point to sustaining long-term planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.701-711
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• 2009

The inner space of building is increasingly becoming complex as urban activities increase in variety, and the actual space size also increases. This trend necessitate the utilization of three dimensional position information within the inner space of buildings. Standard GIS web service technology and visualization technology are applied to 3D inner space building data to share these information for better decision making in building related applications such as fire evacuation, facilities management and market analysis. This study aims to effectively model and visualize the three dimensional space of building interiors in the GIS aspect, and to be able to share the information through standard GIS web service. The various elements of inner model was assigned and stored into pre-designed spatial database tables respectively. GIS web server was then configured to service the database which was populated with 3D inner model data. On the client side, 3D visualization modules was developed using a 3D graphic rendering S/W engine.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2013

Korean Government has developed Sejong City as a new administration city. This city of future was planned and designed toward one of the most eco-friendly city on the basis of ICTs. To attain this object, a carbon emission monitoring system (CEMS) was designed and installed as a part of u-city service which provides various information anytime and anywhere to enrich the people's quality of life. In this paper, at first, the structure and functions of CEMS are introduced. This system is consist of 5 parts - data collection from user and linked public DBs, transforming data into meaningful information for the policy makers, system-user interfacing via statistical tables and graphs, and system maintenance. This system can be operated by the citizen participation through whole the process. With the help of GIS map and graphic interface, statistics of monitored data for both citizen and decision maker provided and after feed-back, they have affected on the behaviour of citizen's energy consumption and related policy as well. By the CEMS, energy consumption data of 124 agreed households were collected during 9 months in 2012. Electricity, gas and water consumption were remote-metered automatically by the system and analysed. This showed that more than 85% of CO2 emission is rely on electricity usage. Furthermore, number of family members and size of house influences on the emission of CO2 by each household together with the life-style of the occupants. Electricity and water consumption showed the seasonal factor while gas consumption represents the number of family members. Even this paper has limitations caused by 9 months of data collection, it shows the policy directions to reduce the emission of CO2 focusing on the house size and number of family members of each households. With the result of this research, life-style of the generation of dwellers should be investigated and the CO2 emission characteristics of other housing type as well for the data building for future policy making.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2006

Performing inspections for Hull Condition Monitoring and Assessment as stipulated in IACS unified requirements and IMO's Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) IMO Resolution MEPC.94(46), 2001, Condition Assessment Scheme, IMO Resolution MEPC.111(50), 2003, Amendments to regulation 13G, addition of new regulation 13H involves a huge amount of measurement data to be collected, processed, analysed and maintained. Information to be recorded consists of thickness measurements and visual assessment of coating and cracks. The amount of data and increasing requirements with respect to condition assessment demand efficient computer support. Currently, due to the lack of standardization for this kind of data, the thickness measurements are recorded manually on ship drawings or tables. In this form, handling of the measurements is tedious and error-prone and assessment is difficult. Data reporting and analysis takes a long time, leading to some repairs being performed only at the next docking of the ship or making an additional docking necessary. The recently started ED funded project CAS addresses this topic and develops-as a first step-a data model for Hull Condition Monitoring and Assessment (HCMA) based on XML-technology. The model includes simple geometry representation to facilitate a graphically supported data collection as well as an easy visualisation of the measurement results. In order to ensure compatibility with the current way of working, the content of the data model is strictly confined to the requirements of the measurement process. Appropriate data interfaces to classification software will enable rapid assessment by the classification societies, thus improving the process in terms of time and cost savings. In particular, decision-making can be done while the ship is still in the dock for maintenance.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.269-278
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• 2010

Today's Virtual Reality(VR) technology has become considerably more affordable and sophisticated with rapidly advancing computer technology. Photo-realistic visual representations along with real-time interactivity are now achievable without special programing knowledge and expensive equipment. The purpose of this paper is to establish how simple, credible user testing methods based on VR simulations can be utilized to improve design decision making towards more sensible design solutions for end-users. Results of a case study demonstrate the value of potential user-testing feedback in a simulated 3D virtual service space, i.e., restaurant interior. User feedback from the VR simulation includes preferences in table location, privacy, and values of seating preferred tables. A new design framework incorporating an empirical testing method for service spaces is presented. The overall design process, the development of the VE, and the user testing method and findings are discussed. This study provides useful guidances for future efforts in the areas where such technology may benefit to understand end-user feedbacks in design process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2010

The research of the preserving privacy of sensitive information has been popular recently. Many researches about the techniques of generalizing records under k-anonymity rules have been done. Considering that data anonymity requires a lot of time and resources, it would be important to decide whether a table is vulnerable to privacy attacks before being opened in terms of the improvement of data utilization as well as the privacy protection. It is also important to check to which attack the table is vulnerable and which of anonymity methods should be applied in the table. This paper describe two possible privacy attacks based upon related references. Also, we suggest the technique to check whether data table is vulnerable to any attack of them and describe what kind of anonymity methods should be done in the table. The technique we suggest in this paper can also be applied for checking the safety of anonymity tables in which insert or delete operations occurred as well from privacy attacks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2021

Chemical accidents caused by transport vehicles account for 20% of all chemical accidents every year, but there are difficulties in the accident-response process due to repeated situations where the impact assessment information is unknown. In this study, we developed a calculation table and formula for predicting the range of damage for chlorine and hydrogen fluoride, which have a high domestic usage, high risk of accidents, and high accident frequency in the last 7 years. The calculation table is based on the leakage rate, wind speed, and temperature, and the calculation formula was derived using R software for special situations where it is difficult to apply the calculation table. The calculation table and formula could be used on site by related organizations to obtain important information for decision making, which could help in minimizing damage from chemical accidents, setting separation distances, and deciding to evacuate residents.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.spc
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

A conceptual site model is used to support decision-making of response strategy development, determination, and implementation within a risk-based contaminated site management system. It aims to provide base information of the relevant site characteristics and surface/subsurface conditions in order to understand the contaminants of concern and the associated risk they pose to the receptors. This study delineated the technical details of conceptual site model development, and discussed the possibility of applying it in domestic subsurface contamination management. Conceptual site models can be developed in various formats such as tables, diagrams, flowcharts, and figures. Contaminated sites are managed for a long period of time following the steps of investigation, remediation design, remediation, verification, and post-remedation management. The conceptual site model can be enhanced in each stage of the contaminated site management based on the continuously updated information on the site's subsurface environment. In the process of enhancement for conceptual site model, precision is gradually improved, and it can evolve from a conceptual and qualitative form to a more quantitatvive and three-dimensional model. In soil pollution management, it is desirable to incorporate the conceptual site model into the soil scrutiny system to better assess the current status of the contaminated site and support follow-up investigation and management.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Easy access to intervention and support for certain behaviors is important for obesity prevention and management. The available technology such as smartphone applications can be used for intervention regarding healthy food choices for obesity prevention and management in elementary-school students. The transtheoretical model (TTM) is comprised of stages and processes of change and can be adopted to tailored education for behavioral change. This study aims to develop TTM-based nutrition contents for mobile applications intended to change eating behaviors related to weight gain in young children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A synthesized algorithm for tailored nutrition messages was developed according to the intake status of six food groups (vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food and instant food, snacks, and late-night snacks), decision to make dietary behavioral changes, and self-confidence in dietary behavioral changes. The messages in this study were developed from December 2014 to April 2015. After the validity evaluation of the contents through expert consultation, tailored nutrition information messages and educational contents were developed based on the TTM. RESULTS: Based on the TTM, stages of subjects are determined by their current intake status, decision to make dietary behavioral changes, and self-confidence in dietary behavioral changes. Three versions of tailored nutrition messages at each TTM stage were developed so as to not send the same messages for three weeks at most, and visual materials such as figures and tables were developed to provide additional nutritional information. Finally, 3,276 tailored nutrition messages and 60 nutrition contents for applications were developed. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone applications may be an innovative medium to deliver interventions for eating behavior changes directly to individuals with favorable cost-effectiveness. In addition, using the TTM for tailored nutrition education for healthy eating is an effective approach.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.338-355
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• 2022

This study explored the effects of pre-service elementary teachers' inquiries into science class dilemmas. By closely examining the characteristics of the pre-service teachers' inquiry processes and changes in their educational decisions, the effectiveness of using dilemmas as part of teacher education was determined. Twenty fourth-year university pre-service teachers participated and conducted inquiries into science class dilemmas over seven weeks. Based on pre- and post-questionnaires, KWHL tables, inquiry reports, discussions, and group class presentations, the major factors that influence the pre-service teacher's decision-making changes were extracted. The pre-service teachers found the science inquiry process meaningful when exploring the science topics covered in the dilemmas, and claimed that elementary school students would be able to engage in meaningful science explorations if they learned science through inquiry. Furthermore, the pre-service teachers explored the thinking processes and background knowledge of the students in different ways. Documents such as teacher's guides and the curriculum were examined and the students' thought processes were identified through interviews with the teachers and students, which were found to reflect their educational decision-making. Moreover, it was recognized by the pre-service teachers that depending on the situation, alternative teaching methods were possible. The focus on the unstructured dilemma problems provided the pre-service teachers with problem-solving situations that triggered scientific inquiry and exploration of student thinking and revealed the complexity of science teaching and learning. Based on these results, the teacher education implications for using dilemma cases are discussed.