• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2012

We have developed a daytime measuring rotational Raman LIDAR system for temperature measurement. To decrease the background signal from sunlight, we have designed and installed narrow band (0.5 nm) and high rejection ($10^{-6}$) rate band pass filter system using a grating and an interference filter. We calibrated our system by comparing our horizontal temperature profile and KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) data. We have found that our temperature profile has a good correlation with KMA data within our theoretically expected variance. And we have used these calibration values in obtaining a vertical temperature distribution. To check our system, we also have compared our vertical temperature data with US standard atmospheric temperature profile. We also have compared our temperature profile with sonde data.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.214-218
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• 1999

The aim of our study is to develop new algorism for sea fog detection by using Geostational Meteorological Satellite-5(GMS-5) and suggest the techniques of its continuous detection. So as to detect daytime sea fog/stratus(00UTC, May 10, 1999), visible accumulated histogram method and surface albedo method are used. The characteristic value during daytime showed A(min) > 20％ and DA < 10％ when visble accumulated histogram method was applied. And the sea fog region which detected is of similarity in composite image and surface albedo method. In case of nighttime sea fog(18UTC, May 10, 1999), infrared accumulated histogram method and maximum brightness temperature method are used, respectively. Maximum brightness temperature method(T_max method) detected sea fog better than IR accumulated histogram method. In case of T_max method, when infrared value is larger than T_max, fog is detected, where T_max is an unique value, maximum infrared value in each pixel during one month. Then T_max is beneath 700hpa temperature of GDAPS(Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System). Sea fog region which detected by T_max method was similar to the result of National Oceanic and Atmosheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) DCD(Dual Channel Difference). But inland visibility and relative humidity didn't always agreed well.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2010

With the increase of human activities since the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration has increased, which is believed the cause of climate change. Methane ($CH_4$) fluxes were measured at two commercial swine barns (Jarvis and Guelph) with a four tower micrometeorological mass balance method. Two and three separate measurements were conducted at Jarvis and at Guelph, respectively. In the Jarvis experiments from May to July, mean $CH_4$ flux ($490.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was lower than that during nighttime ($678.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be caused by break of slurry temperature stratification. In the Guelph experiment from January to April, mean $CH_4$ flux ($62.9{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was higher than that during nighttime ($39.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be generated by high slurry temperature at 3 cm depth after April 6. Slurry temperature stratification in the Guelph experiment would happen from January to March.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.239-251
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• 1999

The elimination process of cloud-contaminated pixels is one of important steps before obtaining the accurate parameters of land and ocean surface from AVHRR imagery. We developed a 6step threshold method to detect the cloud-contaminated pixels from NOAA-14/AVHRR datime imagery over land using different combination of channels. This algorithm has two phases : the first is to make a cloud-free characteristic data of land surface using compositing techniques from channel 1 and 5 imagery and a dynamic threshold of brightness temperature, and the second is to identify the each pixel as a cloud-free or cloudy one through 4-step threshold tests. The merits of this method are its simplicity in input data and automation in determining threshold values. The threshold of infrared data is calculated through the combination of brightness temperature of land surface obtained from AVHRR imagery, spatial variance of them and temporal variance of observed land surface temperature. The method detected the could-comtaminated pixels successfully embedded inthe NOAA-14/AVHRR daytime imagery for the August 1 to November 30, 1996 and March 1 to July 30, 1997. This method was evaluated through the comparison with ground-based cloud observations and with the enhanced visible and infrared imagery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.104-124
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• 2017

This study aimed to validate the ASTER surface temperature using field measurements over various land use types in the urban area of Changwon City, South Korea. The ASTER surface temperature was measured by collecting eight images during daytime and nighttime in June and September from 2012 to 2014, and field measurements were conducted over the same period when the satellite images were taken. The analyses showed that the surface temperature measured in the field during the daytime was higher than that of satellite imageries by $5{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, and the gap was higher in built-up areas. The calibration models of surface temperature showed a 60% explanatory power in areas other than parks, indicating that the models are reliable. During nighttime, except for the summer month of August, ASTER surface temperature was determined to be approximately $2^{\circ}C$ higher in contrast to daytime.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

The root-zone environment is an important factor to the plant growth and it is closely related to the thermal characteristics of the root media. In this study thermal characteristics of root media with ambient environmental conditions were analyzed. The temperatures of nutrient solution as well as inside air of culture bed were measured in Nutrient Film Technique(NFT) and Deep Flow Technique(DFT) systems, and also the temperatures of root media measured in aggregate culture systems , The temperature of nutrient solution of NFT system with as low as 3$\ell$/min of flow rate was 3$^{\circ}C$ higher than that with 5 $\ell$/min of flow rate in the daytime, and the temperature of inside air was 2$^{\circ}C$ higher at night. And the temperature of nutrient solution of DFT system with as low as 0.8 cm of water level was 1-2$^{\circ}C$ higher than that with 1 8 cm in the daytime, and the temperature of inside air was almost same at night. The root-zone temperatures in the perlite and rockwool granulate systems with film mulching were 3$^{\circ}C$ higher than those without film mulching in the daytime. However, the rockwool slab system with film mulching showed the same trend as rockwool granulate system, but relatively higher temperature than any other medium because of the exposure of media surface to the ambient air. Additionally the temperature below the plant was measured 3$^{\circ}C$ lower than that between plants.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

The rapid urbanization caused drastic temperature changes in Korea. Excessive urbanization and development result in unpredictable and abnormal climate change all over the world. These changes are reflected in Korean government policy and research about cities, such that various research endeavors have been undergone recently. There are lots of ways to improve the urban environment; the easiest way to solve the urban heat effect problem is to make green spaces within the city. Even though we can't enlarge green spaces over the city limitlessly, it is desperately need for a methodology to efficiently create green space in limited area. Based on awareness of issues as mentioned earlier, we would like to propose landscaping method that can increase thermal comfort in the same area. For this study, simulating the change of temperature, mean radiant temperature, PMV were done due to number of species planted in apartment complex. To increase the reliability of the simulation, first above all, field measurement for temperature change was performed in apartment complex, where residential building are arranged in the form of ㄷ. And based on this data, Envi-met simulation was performed varying 1-7 kinds of species divided by grass, shrubs, arbor (deciduous, conifers) planted in apartment complex. As a result, there was a change less than $1^{\circ}C$ with the increasing number of species in daytime, but the average radiation temperature about $6-7^{\circ}C$ was reduced. In addition, PMV index was improved by more than 0.5 point. Thermal comfort indicator improved significantly depending on the number of species during the day, on the other hand, there were no significant changes at night. As a consequence, this study has shown that not single-species planting but mixed planting varied the number of species would improve the thermal comfort in the same area of landscaping space at daytime.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.603-610
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• 1996

Spatial distribution of faeces by Japanese Black heifers and steers was investigated. The animals grazed a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum $Fl\ddot{u}gge$) pasture in the daytime from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., and spent the rest of the day in a barn. The pasture consisted of three paddocks, an alley and a resting area, and the paddocks were grazed rotationally. The number of defecations and the faecal weight excreted in the pasture were greater than those expected from the proportion of time that the animals spent in the pasture. These values were correspondingly smaller in the barn. The distribution of faeces to the paddock, alley and resting area of the pasture was usually not proportional to the area of the respective places. The number of defeations and the faecal weight were usually distributed less densely in the paddock than in the resting area. The degree of aggregation of defecation in the paddock, alley and resting area varied with the meteorological factors such as the air temperature, solar radiation and rainfall during the grazing, and the intake of hay supplement of the previous day.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2006

The tightness of windows have devoted to the improvement of thermal insulation and energy saving in buildings. But it is known that this tightness causes some side effects such as low ventilation, low capacity to humidity and temperature control and these are not profitable for inhabitants. To act on these side effects, Korean traditional windows which are composed of Han-Ji(Koreand traditional paper) and Chang-Sal(Korean traditional wooden frame) have been studied to get a reasonable solutions for these problems. In this study, to compare the thermal and humidity control performance of current window(12 mm pair) and Korean traditional windows, frames which are made of existing window and Korean traditional windows are adapted to scale model house and then humidity and temperature of in and out of scale model house are measured and analysed. The results of this study are followings ; 1) When Korean traditional window charges 20cm(1/8 of total window area) from total window area, Han-Ji window has higher thermal insulation than that of existing window in daytime. There is the most big thermal difference when double faced with double-ply Han-Ji window is placed to mock-up house. In night-time, the temperature difference is very small so this means that Korean traditional window is good to cover direct sunlight in daytime and reduce the temperature of balcony. One faced with one-ply han-Ji window has the best humidity penetration performance among three type of Korean traditional windows. 2) When Korean window area enlarged to 40cm(1/4 of total window area), the function of 40cm width Han-Ji window is higher than that of 20cm's. This means that enlargement of Han-Ji window cover direct sunlight more and is more efficient in humidity penetration.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.117-123
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• 1987

This study was conducted to develop an automatic insulation system to reduce the heat loss through the wall of greenhouses during the nighttime in winter. A double covered model vinyl house was constructed, and blowers were used to fill or remove styrene pellets automatically the inside of the double-wall of the double covered vinyl house. The effects of insulation of the double covered vinyl house insulated with the styrene pellets were analyzed by comparing with the single covered vinyl house. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The optimum thickness of the double-wall of the double covered vinyl house was found to be 5 to 10 cm. 2.When the outside temperature varied in the range of -8.3 to -1.5$^{\circ}C$ during the nighttime, the inside temperature of the double covered vinyl house insulated with the styrene pellets showed 7.7 to 11.7$^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature of the single covered vinyl house showed -5.8 to 2.3$^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the effects of insulation of the double covered vinyl house insulated with the styrene pellets were confirmed to be excellent. 3. Also, the excessive increase of the inside temperature in the vinyl house was prevented by the shading effect of the double covered vinyl house insulated with the styrene pellets during the daytime. 4. When the outside temperature varied in the range of 17.7 to 30.0$^{\circ}C$ during the daytime, it was possible to keep the inside temperature at 30${\pm}$4$^{\circ}C$ in the double covered vinyl house by operating the insulation system. 5. The transmissivity of the double covered vinyl house with the styrene pellets removed was 52.4 % on the average.