• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2006

Purpose: To compare of health inequalities between rural and urban areas in term of health status, health behaviors and medical care utilization by using national-wide data. Method: The data came from the 2000 and 2005 census data, 2004 death certification statistics and 2001 national health and nutrition survey. The health indicators used in this study were mortality, perceived health status, health related behaviors, morbidity, accidents and suicides, mental health-related factors, health care accessibility. Korean rural areas have been experiencing a rapid aging process and there are demographic differences between rural and urban populations. Thus, both of crude rates and age-adjusted rates were compared. Result: Although the degrees decreased after adjustment for age, health inequalities between areas still existed. The people who lived in rural areas suffer from higher mortality, morbidity and unhealthy behavior compared to people in urban areas. Especially, regional health inequalities for women were significant. Health care accessibility in rural areas was also lower and medical indirect costs for rural residents were higher than those of urban residents. Conclusion: To reduce health inequalities between geographical areas, political efforts to tackle health inequalities in the rural areas are required.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop an index for evaluating the function of a new motorway using the travel distance frequency distribution (TLFD) calculated using the vehicle travel route big data, and to overcome the limitations of the evaluation through the existing traffic volume. The mobility evaluation index of motorways was developed by applying it to the TLFD data table in 2019. The smaller the value of the mobility evaluation index of the link is calculated, the more it is a link with mainly short-distance travel, and the higher the value of the mobility evaluation index, the more it means a link with mainly long-distance travel. The accessibility evaluation index was calculated through the result of the mobility evaluation index of all motorways developed, and all motorways were grouped into three groups using K-means clustering. Group A was found to exist inside a large city and consisted of motorways with many short-distance traffic, Group B was investigated as acting as an arterial between groups, and Group C was classified as a motorway consisting mainly of long-distance traffic connecting large cities and large cities. This study is significant in developing a new motorway function evaluation index that can overcome the limitations of motorway function evaluation through the existing traffic volume. It is expected that this study can be a reasonable comprehensive indicator in the operation and planning process of motorways.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

This study analyzes PISA's ICT background survey on OECD countries published in December 2019 to analyze ICT accessibility and utilization of each subject. In Korea, ICT accessibility at home is 40.40%, ranking 17th, slightly higher than the OECD average (43.01%). Access to schools is 40.40%, ranking 21st below the OECD average(43.01%), which has improved from the lowest group to three in the middle three years ago. In nine subjects, the proportion of students using digital device in the classroom is 2.96%, well below the OECD average(8.22%), and ranked 31st in the OECD country. This shows that the state needs a change in education policy in order to cultivate the talent needed for the AI era.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.101-111
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• 2005

Various urban transport policies have an effect on urban transit riderships and accessibility. This study reports variations of metropolitan subway travel patterns affected by an enormous change in bus routes and transfer discount fare policy between subway and bus mode conducted by Seoul city in July 1st of 2004. In an effort to see the difference between the before and the after policies, two data sets are prepared. Firstly, on a daily bassis. an origin-destination trip table of May of 2004 is used. Secondly, on a daily bassis, an origin-destination trip table of August-September of 2004 is used as a counter measure. Even if seasonal variation was not considered, Seoul metropolitan area have experienced increasing riderships and accessibility. Finally, the effects of accessibility in spatial interaction model by rall service changes such as random shocks were scrutinized and interpreted in detail.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

Prisons are mostly filled with social deviants and like other correctional institutions, deserve organized information (provision) centers such as library. A study on library resource needs and accessibility by prison inmates was conducted at Kuje prison, Abuja and Kaduna prison, Kaduna, Nigeria, both of which have functional libraries. A sample of 898 inmates was randomly selected from all the convicted inmates in the two prisons. A total of 106 inmates were selected from Kuje prison and 792 from Kaduna prison. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the inmates. All the 898 inmates responded. A total of 786 (87.9%) males and 112 (12.4%) females were involved in the study. With regards to the educational level attained by the inmates, 347 (38.6%) had Junior Secondary School Certificate while 323 (30.0%) had Senior School Certificate both accounting for 74.6% of the sampled population. In areas of information needs, 94.5%, 96.1%, 98.7%, 99.4%, 100%, and 100% of the respondents indicated that information on current affairs, survival and coping, educational support, legal aid, skill acquisition, and health, respectively were highly needed by the inmates. Out of the 12 information resources listed, only newspaper, novel, handbook and manual, and bulletin were readily accessible with percentage accessibility of 60.7, 7.8, 6.8, and 1.9, respectively. One major reason adduced by the respondents for limited access to information resources was the very strict rules and regulations in the prison. Providing more library resources and granting the inmates more access to the library would assist in character reformation and rehabilitation of the inmates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.2 s.19
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of land-use and population change in rural area by new expressway. Chungbu expressway constructed in 1987, going through the south area of Kyunggi province from Seoul, was selected as a case expressway, and also 2 cities and 18 subdivisions of county in its surrounding area, as a case study area. To analyze the change characteristics before and after the construction, land-use maps of 1986 and 1996 were collected, including the census data for the years in cities and counties yearbooks. Remote sensing technology was applied to classify the land-use maps with six types of land use. Geographic information system was also used for spatial analysis, such as the land-use and accessibility changes. A 5 km buffer zone from interchange of the expressway showed about two times increase of urbanized built-up area than a 5 km buffer zone from the expressway. Accessibility from Seoul and cities was improved in most areas, which is accessing to Seoul through existing Youngdong expressway. Ten rural areas showed increased population with accessibility of average 52 minutes to Seoul and 19 minutes to cities, while eight areas showed decreased population with average 73 minutes to Seoul and 35 minutes to cities. This shows that the threshold value, which is time distance to Seoul and cities for population increase or decrease, one and half hours, respectively. Urbanized area was increased in most areas, even in population decrease areas, so this indicates that there are thinning rural areas, increasing urbanized area while decreasing population.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop neighborhood assessment tools from the perspective of women in order to evaluate neighborhood environments and suggest better policies and planning practices for women-friendly neighborhood environments. To do so, we analyze correlations between women's quality of life and the neighborhood environment. Specifically, we gave female participants a mapping survey, interview, and questionnaire to collect data targeting women living in Onyang 2-dong and 5-dong in Asan city. First, we developed a neighborhood assessment tool derived from an extensive literature review and particular case studies. The mapping and interview surveys indicated that specific aspects neighborhood life needed to be improved in a similar area. In particular, women complained about Onyangoncheon station, a commercial area, and detached house area. Second, analysis of the neighborhood environmental factors affecting women's neighborhood satisfaction, crime safety, traffic and walking environment, accessibility of living facilities, green and public spaces and childcare environment were statistically significant. Of these, the inclusion of green and public spaces was the most influential factor. Third, the neighborhood environmental factors affecting women's neighborhood attachment, crime safety, traffic and walking environment, accessibility of living facilities, green and public spaces and childcare environment were statistically significant. Of these, accessibility of living facilities appeared to be the most influential factor. Fourth, the neighborhood environmental factors affecting women's housing mobility decisions, crime safety, traffic and walking environment, accessibility of living facilities, green and public spaces and childcare environment were statistically significant. Of these, childcare environment was the most influential factor.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.55-75
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• 2021

This article examines the accessibility and usability of library websites to students with visual and physical disabilities in public universities in Kenya. The study used survey research design and adopted a mixed methods approach. Data were gathered using survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, structured interviews, and observation. The study population consisted of six public universities that had a longstanding tradition of enrolling students with disabilities. Census was used to obtain a study sample comprising of students with visual disabilities (86), students with physical disabilities (91), University Librarians (6), Personnel from Disability Mainstreaming departments (6), Systems Librarians (6) and Library Personnel who provided information services to students with disabilities (133). The Social Model of Disability and IFLA Access to Libraries for Persons with Disabilities checklist were used as conceptual and theoretical framework in the study. Study results revealed that all the libraries had library websites. However, the websites did not have disability services page or information specific to individuals with disabilities. Also a section of students with disabilities lacked awareness of the existence of library websites and e-resources available through them. Additionally, the website design posed various access challenges. The study concluded that people with disabilities were excluded from access and use of library websites in public universities. The authors recommended that library websites must contain disability services page containing information specific to persons with disabilities. Moreover, libraries should evaluate their websites to ensure compliance with W3C requirements for web content accessibility. Additionally, libraries should develop disability policy to provide guidance on provision of information services to persons with disabilities.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.183-196
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• 2022

Public transportation accessibility has been evaluated through minimum level of service for public transportation. However it is evaluated based operators rather than users. This study analyzed the users' accessibility(first-mile, last-mile) to public transportation using altteul transport card data. As a result of user's accessibility of public transportation, rural areas was lower than that in the urban areas. This study calssified type 1 and 2 based average approach time, and average approach time of Type 1 and 2 were more than average approach time of total area. We propsed an efficient introduction of autonomous public transportation on-demand service using delphi survey. As a result of delphi survey, experts agreed on 9 items regarding function, service item, route operation, approach distance, route mileage, punctuality.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine whether there are significant relations among rankings of cross-efficiency, web accessibility, and website evaluation. For this purpose, the study uses the KWAH-4 method developed by the Web Accessibility Laboratory in Korea, website evaluation method developed by the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC), and the cross-efficiency model for 13 Asian container seaports including Korean, Chinese, and Japanese main ports in 3 years (2009, 2010, and 2013) using data for two cases: three inputs (depth, total area, and number of crane) and one output (TEU) in the first case and three inputs and two outputs (TEU and BDC overall score) in the second case. The main empirical results are as follows. First, the ranking orders of cross-efficiency, web accessibility, and website evaluation overall scores are not significantly correlated with each other. Second, if the BDC overall score is included in the output element, the correlation results are improved. However, the correlation coefficient is still low. The container port policy planners should introduce and consider the web accessibility and website evaluation scores when evaluating an efficiency-increasing plan for Korea's main container ports.