• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.38-38
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• 2017

Water stress obstructs rice growth mainly by oxidative damage in biological cells to cause a reduction of leaf photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. In this study, exogenous application of vanillic acid (VA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to improve drought tolerance of two Oryza sativa cultivars, Q2 and Q8 was tested. The drought evaluation based on leaf phenotypes to show that both Q2 and Q8 resulted in remarkable water-stress tolerance induced by leaf spraying pretreatment of mixed solution of $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$. The mixtures of $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treated on Q2 and Q8 in water deficit condition also indicated that total phenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly greater their controls. In general, the accumulation of individual phenolic acids was increased in exogenous phenolic treatments, as compared with controls. Particularly, Q2 obtained a considerable amount of endogenous PHBA after application of $50{\mu}M\;VA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ (0.18 mg/g DW, 0.71 mg/g DW, and 1.41 mg/g DW, respectively); and a negligible content of VA (0.003 mg/g DW) appeared uniquely in the treatment of $50{\mu}M\;VA$. Similarly, Q8 also absorbed a significant quantity of PHBA in $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treatments (0.15 mg/g DW, 0.15 mg/g DW, and 0.22 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, the spraying $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ on Q8 leaves induced similar amount of drought tolerance of Q2 and Q8 were improved, paralleled with the increased amounts of endogenous phenolics revealed that VA and PHBA played an important role to enhance drought tolerance in rice.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.33-33
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• 2017

Water stress obstructs rice growth mainly by oxidative damage in biological cells to cause a reduction of leaf photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. In this study, exogenous application of vanillic acid (VA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to improve drought tolerance of two Oryza sativa cultivars, Q2 and Q8 was tested. The drought evaluation based on leaf phenotypes to show that both Q2 and Q8 resulted in remarkable water-stress tolerance induced by leaf spraying pretreatment of mixed solution of $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$. The mixtures of $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treated on Q2 and Q8 in water deficit condition also indicated that total phenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly greater their controls. In general, the accumulation of individual phenolic acids was increased in exogenous phenolic treatments, as compared with controls. Particularly, Q2 obtained a considerable amount of endogenous PHBA after application of $50{\mu}M\;VA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ (0.18 mg/g DW, 0.71 mg/g DW, and 1.41 mg/g DW, respectively); and a negligible content of VA (0.003 mg/g DW) appeared uniquely in the treatment of $50{\mu}M\;VA$. Similarly, Q8 also absorbed a significant quantity of PHBA in $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treatments (0.15 mg/g DW, 0.15 mg/g DW, and 0.22 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, the spraying $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ on Q8 leaves induced similar amount of VA (0.04 mg/g DW). Meanwhile, there were no trace of VA and PHBA found in controls. The levels of drought tolerance of Q2 and Q8 were improved, paralleled with the increased amounts of endogenous phenolics revealed that VA and PHBA played an important role to enhance drought tolerance in rice.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2016

인구밀도와 기간산업 개발이 급속하게 증가함에 따라 도시지역에서 산사태로 인한 인명손실과 재산손상이 점진적으로 증가하게 되었다. 특히 부산은 한국 내 대도시들 중에서 산지비율이 높기 때문에 과도하게 산지지역을 개발할 수밖에 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 무한사면 모델을 이용하여 부산 황령산 산사태 재해 평가 가능성을 검토하는 것이다. 모든 자료는 ArcGIS 10.0을 사용하여 추출한 주제도와 연관되어 있다. 그 결과 산사태 안전율은 예상대로 지하수위 변화에 반비례한다는 것을 보여 준다. 대부분의 연구지역이 건조 상태에서는 안정된 상태이고, 지하수위가 상승할 때 공극수압이 증가하여 불안정한 지역이 증가하게 된다. 그러나 분석결과 선구조밀도가 높은 기존 산사태 발생지역 중에서 여러 곳이 다른 지역보다 더 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 이렇게 실제상황과 분석결과가 상이하므로 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 부가적인 분석이론이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 그러므로 새로운 불포화대 침투이론 개발이 시간에 따른 지하수위의 분포를 평가하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

Seedlot disinfection techniques to control mung bean sprout rot caused by Colletoricum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were evaluated for commercial production scheme. Soaking seedlots in propolis (100 X) and ethanol (20% for 30 min) appeared promising with control values of 85.5 and 80.8 respectively, but still resulted in up to 20% rot incidence. None of the C. acutatum conidia survived through hot water immersion treatment (HWT) for 10 min at temperatures of 55, 60 and $65^{\circ}C$, whereas the effective range of the dry heat treatment (DHT) was $60-65^{\circ}C$. Tolerance of mung bean seedlot, as estimated by hypocotyl elongation and root growth, was lower for HWT than for DHT. Germination and growth of sprouts were excellent over the range of $55-65^{\circ}C\;at\;5^{\circ}C$ intervals, except for HWT at $65^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. At this marginal condition, heat damage appeared so that approximately 2% of seeds failed to sprout to normal germling and retarded sprouts were less than 5% with coarse wrinkled hypocotyls. These results suggested that DHT would be more feasible to disinfect mung bean seedlots for commercial sprout production. Heat treatment at above ranges was highly effective in eliminating the epiphytic bacterial strains associated with marketed sprout rot samples. HWT of seedlot at 55 and $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 min resulted in successful control of mung bean sprout rot incidence with marketable sprout quality. DHT at 60 and $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min also gave good results through the small-scale sprouting system. Therefore, we optimized DHT scheme at 60 and $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, considering the practical value of seedlot disinfection with high precision and accuracy. This was further proved to be a feasible and reliable method against anthracnose incidence and those bacterial strains associated with marketed sprout rot samples as well, through factory scale mung bean sprout production system.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.105-125
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of school safety accident on teacher's normal educational activities and to seek some desirable ways to cope with it. The subjects in this study were 351 class teachers randomly selected from Seoul and Kyonggi Province and surveyed from April through July, 2000. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Actual Condition of School Safety Accident 1) Approximately many teachers investigated had had an experience to suffer safety accident. Safety accident occurred most during break or class, but there was a significant difference according to service area. 2) Safety accident took place most in playground, and the most common cause was student's own carelessness, and the most widely occurred accident type was an injury. But there was no significant difference caused by the general characteristics of the teachers. 2. Influence of Safety Accident On Teacher's Educational Activities. 1) The largest reason they offered safety education was to ensure student safety. The greatest number of them had an opinion they would consider changing or giving up a planned normal educational activity if they recognized any possibilities of safety accident. There was a significant difference in this point according to gender and career. 2) They worried about possible safety accident most during field study, but there was a significant difference according to gender or presence or absence of safety accident experience. 3) The general characteristics of teacher produced a significant difference to an experience of avoiding educational activity due to psychological withdrawal, but safety accident experience didn't make any difference. 3. Minimization of Teacher Damage or Loss from Safety Accident. 1) The dominant opinion about teacher's small mistake for any occurrence of safety accident was that the responsibility should be escaped to maintain teacher's authority. For severe mistake, however, there were two different opinions at the same percentage: one was being exempted and the other was taking civil liability. 2) Establishing teacher insurance was preferred as a way to minimize teacher's economic loss from safety accident, but there was a significant difference according to gender. 3) The dominant opinion about the payment of insurance premium for safety accident was that it should be paid from school operating expenses.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권3호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2015

본 연구는 훼손지에 적용된 국립공원 특별보호구 제도가 탐방로의 토양과 식생에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 실시되었다. 북한산 국립공원 내 일반 탐방로(개방 탐방로)와 특별보호구로 지정되어 16년 동안 출입이 금지된 탐방로(폐쇄 탐방로)의 토양의 용적밀도, 수분, 총 질소, pH, 유기물 함량을 측정하고, 지면피도를 조사하여 개방 탐방로와 폐쇄탐방로의 토양 및 식생상태를 비교분석하였다. 일반 탐방로의 토양은 탐방로 주변 식생지대의 토양에 비하여 용적밀도가 증가하고 수분과 총 질소, 유기물 함량이 감소하여 훼손을 확인하였으나, 폐쇄 탐방로의 경우, 토양의 용적밀도, 수분, 총 질소, pH, 유기물 함량이 주변 식생지대와 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않아 탐방로 폐쇄로 인한 생태적 회복을 확인하였다. 지면피도의 경우, 일반 탐방로에서 지면식생과 낙엽의 피도가 낮고 나지와 암석의 피도가 높아 훼손을 확인하였으나, 폐쇄 탐방로에서는 낙엽 암석 나지 피도가 회복되었고, 식생피도는 산림 환경피해도 등급을 적용하였을 때 제한적인 회복이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통하여 특별보호구 지정을 통해 훼손지의 회복이 가능하나, 토양이 식생에 비하여 더 빠르게 회복됨을 알 수 있었다. 훼손지의 특별보호구 지정은 대상지의 회복특성에 대한 과학적 근거를 기반으로 판단할 필요가 있으며, 특별보호구 제도의 효과성을 높이기 위해 대상지의 생태적 사회적 가치와 중요성을 고려한 세분화된 특별보호구 선정 및 관리 기준이 필요하다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

화분량은 '금천' 수박을 제외하고 응화 1개당 10mg 이상이었다. '복' 수박은 1화당 화분무게가 13.8mg이었고, '스피드꿀' 수박은, 12.1mg으로 겨울철 저온기 재배에 인공수정용 화분생산 품종으로 적당한 것으로 판단된다. 유기용매 침지 후 즉시 건조된 화분발아율은 '금천' 수박이 67%로 기장 낮았고 '아폴로꿀' 수박이 92%로 가장 높았다. 유기용매에 15일간 저장했을 경우 '복' 수박 화분의 발아력이 74%로 가장 높았다. 저장 24일 후에는 5품종 모두 25% 이하의 발아율을 나타내었다. '금천'과 '삼복꿀' 수박의 화분관 신장속도는 $50{\mu}m/hr$ 미만(저장 24일)으로 다른 품종보다 낮았으며, 벌이도중 화분관이 파열되는 경우도 발생되었다. 유기용매 저장 24시간 후 화분발아율은 pentane, ethyl ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone에서 각각 45, 39, 34, 23, 19% 순이었고 유기용매 침지시간이 길어질수록 화분활력이 급격히 감소되었다. 화분 표피는 유기용매에 저장한 시간이 길어질수록 장해를 많이 받았는데 유기용매의 종류에 따라 장해정도가 달랐다. '복' 수박이 화분량, 화분활력, 저장성이 우수하였는데 저온기 착과율 증진을 위한 화분생산 품종으로 보여진다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권5D호
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• pp.727-737
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 효율적인 철도사고관리 및 복구작업을 위한 임시복구 시나리오를 개발하였다. 문헌조사 및 전문가 설문조사 결과를 통하여 임시복구 Worst Case 선정시기준이 되는 고려항목과 임시복구 시나리오 수립에 필요한 중요항목(event)을 도출하였으며, 임시복구가 가장 힘든 Worst Case로는 터널구간에서 발생하는 철도사고가 선정되었다. 이는 신속한 임시복구를 위해 좁은 공간에서 체계적이고 효율적인 복구절차를 갖추고 숙련된 복구요원 양성이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 통계학적 분석기법을 이용하여 임시복구 시나리오 수립 시 중요항목(event)간 중요도(우선순위)를 선정한 결과 임시복구유형중 시설물 붕괴를 가장 우선적으로 복구하고 선로매몰, 차량탈선 순으로 처리함이 복구시간을 단축할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 복구에 많은 시간이 소요되는 순으로 임시복구가 이루어져야 함을 나타낸다. 임시복구 시나리오는 임시복구 Worst Case, 임시복구유형별 중요항목(event)을 종합하여 표준운영절차(안) 11개를 제안하였다. 이를 활용하여 철도사고 DB관리 및 신속한 사고복구를 통해 정시성을 확보하여 열차지연시간을 최소화하는데 크게 기여할 것이다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.635-650
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• 2017

최근 AE 센서를 이용하여 지하 구조물 및 터널의 손상을 모니터링 하는 기법이 널리 활용되고 있다. 지하구조물 내 삽입되는 AE 센서는 커플링(coupling) 상태에 따라 신호의 신뢰도가 결정된다. 건전도 모니터링의 신뢰도를 확보하기 위해서는 커플링 재료의 특성을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 블리딩(bleeding)특성을 규명하기 위해 커플링 재료로 포틀랜드 시멘트, 마이크로 시멘트, 그리고 석고를 이용하여 실내실험을 수행하였다. 블리딩 특성에 영향을 미치는 실험 인자를 물-시멘트 배합비율, 재료의 종류, 양생 기간, 그리고 총 주입량으로 결정하였다. 실험결과, 물-시멘트 배합비율과 커플링 주입량이 증가하면 커플링 재료의 블리딩 비율은 증가하는 결과를 보였으며, 포틀랜드 시멘트의 경우 가장 영향이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 모든 커플링 재료에서 양생 기간이 블리딩에 미치는 영향은 미미한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 규명된 커플링 재료의 블리딩 특성결과는 AE 센서 설치 시 적합한 재료 선정을 위하여 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대기
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-198
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to summarize the tropical cyclone (TC) activity of 2008 over the western North Pacific including the verification of the official track and intensity forecast errors of these TCs. The TC activity - frequency, Normalized Typhoon Activity (NTA), and life span - was lower than 58-year (1951-2008) average. 22 tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2008. The total number is less than 58-year average frequency of 26.4. Out of 22 tropical cyclones, 11 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 11 TCs only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - six STS and five TS storms. One typhoon KALMAEGI (0807) among them affected the Korea peninsula. However, no significant impact - casualty or property damage - was reported. On average of 22 TCs in 2008, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) official track forecast error for 48 hours was 229 km. There was a big challenge for individual cyclones such as 0806 FENGSHEN and 0817 HIGOS presenting significant forecast error, with both intricate tracks and irregular moving speed. The tropical cyclone season in 2008 began in April with the formation of NEOGURI (0801). In May, four TCs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity. On the other hand, the TC activity was very weak from June to August. It is found that the unusual anti-cyclonic circulation in the lower level and weak convection near the Philippines are dominant during summertime. The convection and atmospheric circulation in the western North Pacific contributed unfavorable condition for TC activity in the 2008 summertime. The 2008 TC activity has continued the below normal state since mid 1990s which is apparent the decadal variability in TC activity.