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Effects of Special Protection Area Designation on Soil Properties and Vegetation Coverage of Degraded Trails

국립공원 특별보호구 지정이 훼손 탐방로 주변 토양과 식생피도에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Dong-Hwan (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Ho (National Center for AgroMeteorology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun Seok (Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Seong-il (Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University)
  • 김동환 (서울대학교 산림과학부) ;
  • 이동호 (서울대학교 국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 김현석 (서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김성일 (서울대학교 농림기상학전공)
  • Received : 2015.01.23
  • Accepted : 2015.06.14
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate how the special protection area designations of degraded trails effect on the soil and vegetation recovery of degraded trails. The study areas were established on an opened trail and a 16-year closed trail, which was prohibited to enter after the designation as a special protection area for recovery, at Bukhansan National Park. Soil core sampling and measurements of vegetation cover were performed to compare soil and vegetation properties of the trails. Soil bulk density increased and soil water total nitrogen decreased on the opened trail, while no significant differences were found on bulk density, soil water, total nitrogen, acidity, and organic matter on the closed trail. On the opened trail, vegetation cover was seemed to be degraded, because vegetation litter cover ratio was low and barren rock cover ratio was high. On the closed trail, litter rock barren cover ratio of the closed trail was recovered, but only limited recovery was found on vegetation cover by applying environmental damage condition rating class. In conclusion, the closed trail was recovered by designation of special protection area, while difference in recovery progress of soil and vegetation was found. Therefore, designation of special protection area of degraded area should be based on scientific basis of recovery characteristics of the area. In order to improve the effectiveness of special protection area system, further specific standards for special protection area designation and management would be needed, considering ecological and social importance of target areas.

본 연구는 훼손지에 적용된 국립공원 특별보호구 제도가 탐방로의 토양과 식생에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 실시되었다. 북한산 국립공원 내 일반 탐방로(개방 탐방로)와 특별보호구로 지정되어 16년 동안 출입이 금지된 탐방로(폐쇄 탐방로)의 토양의 용적밀도, 수분, 총 질소, pH, 유기물 함량을 측정하고, 지면피도를 조사하여 개방 탐방로와 폐쇄탐방로의 토양 및 식생상태를 비교분석하였다. 일반 탐방로의 토양은 탐방로 주변 식생지대의 토양에 비하여 용적밀도가 증가하고 수분과 총 질소, 유기물 함량이 감소하여 훼손을 확인하였으나, 폐쇄 탐방로의 경우, 토양의 용적밀도, 수분, 총 질소, pH, 유기물 함량이 주변 식생지대와 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않아 탐방로 폐쇄로 인한 생태적 회복을 확인하였다. 지면피도의 경우, 일반 탐방로에서 지면식생과 낙엽의 피도가 낮고 나지와 암석의 피도가 높아 훼손을 확인하였으나, 폐쇄 탐방로에서는 낙엽 암석 나지 피도가 회복되었고, 식생피도는 산림 환경피해도 등급을 적용하였을 때 제한적인 회복이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통하여 특별보호구 지정을 통해 훼손지의 회복이 가능하나, 토양이 식생에 비하여 더 빠르게 회복됨을 알 수 있었다. 훼손지의 특별보호구 지정은 대상지의 회복특성에 대한 과학적 근거를 기반으로 판단할 필요가 있으며, 특별보호구 제도의 효과성을 높이기 위해 대상지의 생태적 사회적 가치와 중요성을 고려한 세분화된 특별보호구 선정 및 관리 기준이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

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