• 제목/요약/키워드: daily food intakes

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식이를 통한 평가방법과 공급량 평가방법을 이용한 산화방지제 일일 추정 섭취량 안전성 평가 (Safety Assessment of Estimated Daily Intakes of Antioxidants in Korean Using Dietary Survey Approach and Food Supply Survey Approach)

  • 서희재;최성희
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제42권6호
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    • pp.762-767
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    • 2010
  • 식품 중 사용빈도가 높은 BHT, BHA, TBHQ에 대한 식이 안전성을 평가하고자, 식이를 통한 섭취량 추정 방법과 공급량 자료를 통한 섭취량 추정 방법을 적용하여 한국인의 BHT, BHA, TBHQ 일일추정 섭취량을 평가하였다. 식이를 통한 섭취량 추정을 위해 산화방지제 별로 BHT 131품목(빵 및 떡류, 과자류, 츄잉껌, 식용유지, 식사대용 곡류가공품, 견과류가공품), BHA 134품목(빵 및 떡류, 과자류, 츄잉껌, 견과류가공품, 마가린), TBHQ 104 품목(빵 및 떡류, 과자류, 츄잉껌, 어패류가공품)을 HPLCUVD 시스템을 이용하여 분석한 후 국민건강·영양조사의 식이섭취량자료를 이용하여 BHT, BHA, TBHQ의 일일추정 섭취량을 산출하였다. 공급량 자료를 이용한 섭취량 추정을 위해 식품 공급량과 첨가물 최대 허용량을 근거로 BHT, BHA, TBHQ의 일일추정 섭취량을 산출하였다. 이 결과를 JECFA의 ADI와 비교하여 안전성을 평가하였다. 식이를 통한 섭취량 추정 결과 BHT의 평균 일일추정 섭취량은 0.8 ${\mu}g$/kg body weight/day, BHA의 평균 일일추정 섭취량은 0.5 ${\mu}g$/kg body weight/day, TBHQ의 평균 일일추정 섭취량은 0.3 ${\mu}g$/kg body weight/day로 나타났고, 이는 각각 ADI 대비 0.2, 0.1, 0.04% 이었다. 상위섭취자($90^{th}$ percentile)의 BHT 평균 섭취량은 2.2 ${\mu}g$/kg body weight/day, BHA의 평균 일일추정 섭취량은 1.6 ${\mu}g$/kg body weight/day, TBHQ의 평균 일일추정 섭취량은 0.6 ${\mu}g$/kg body weight/day로 나타났고, 이는 각각 ADI 대비 0.7, 0.3, 0.1% 로 나타나, 한국인의 BHT, BHA, TBHQ 섭취량은 평균섭취자와 상위섭취자 모두에게서 안전한 수준임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 공급량 자료를 이용한 섭취량 추정 결과 BHT, BHA, TBHQ 섭취량은 각각 0.3 mg/kg body weight/day(ADI 대비 97%), 0.3 mg/kg body weight/day(ADI 대비 60%), 0.3 mg/kg body weight/day(ADI 대비 40%)로 나타나, 역시 안전한 수준인 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 식이를 통한 섭취량 추정결과와 공급량 자료를 이용한 섭취량 추정 결과 간에 200-480배의 섭취량 차이를 보여, 식품첨가물 섭취량은 그 추정 방법에 따라 많은 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

고등학생 흡연자와 비흡연자의 1일 영양소 및 간식 섭취 (The Daily Intakes of Nutrients and Snacks of High School Smokers and Non-Smokers)

  • 송영미;한장일;김성애
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.476-488
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    • 2008
  • This study investigates the relationship of smoking on daily intake of nutrients and snacks in the Chungnam and Daejeon high school students. Up to date scientific nutrition education and counseling programs in the regular school system is needed for a professional nutrition education teacher. The primary objective of this study was to provide useful information to nutrition education teachers. A survey was conducted with 400 high school students in the Chungnam and Daejeon areas. 381 out of 400 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS 12.0K. The subjects were composed of 49.8% male, 50.1% female and 40.9% regular high school students, 59.1% business high school students and smokers 43.1%, non-smokers 56.9%. 43.4% of smokers had been smoking since middle school. On analysis of daily nutrient intakes, 16 out of 19 nutrients except animal calcium, Vitamin A and Vitamin C were much more consumed by the smoking group than the non-smoking group non-significantly. Especially vegetable fat and Vitamin E were higher in the smoking group than the non-smoking group (p<0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrates: protein: fat was similar in the two groups (smoking group 55:15:29, nonsmoking group 56:15:28). Intakes of Vitamin B1 and potassium in comparison with the Korean dietary reference intakes(KDRI) were under 50% in both groups. However, sodium was taken over 200% compared to KDRI in both groups. Intakes of Vitamin C in the smoking group were as low as 76.5% in comparison to KDRI. Smokers need to increase the intakes of Vitamin C considering that smokers need to intake Vitamin C two times than non-smokers. Nutrient intakes from snacks in the smoking group were higher than the non-smoking group. Nutrients that originated from snacks which took over 20% among daily nutrient intakes were 12 nutrients(energy, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, P, Fe, K, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, dietary fiber) in the smoking group compared to 7 nutrients(energy, vegetable protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C) in the non-smoking group. The smoking group was significantly paying more money for snacks each month than the non-smoking group was(p<0.01). Periods of consumption were irregular in the smoking group(p<0.05) and the smoking group was used to taking snacks in the morning compared to the non-smoking group. The smoking group preferred sweets and high calorie food over other snacks in comparison of the non-smoking group. The nonsmoking group had better eating habits than the smoking group.

Budget 방법론에 의한 한국의 식품첨가물 사용기준평가 및 식품첨가물 9종에 대한 이론적 최대섭취량의 추정 (Assessment of Maximum Use Levels and Estimation of Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake for 9 Food Additives in Korea by the Budget Method)

  • 윤혜정;이미경;이창희;이종옥;이철원
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.186-194
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    • 1999
  • The Budget method used currently in Codex for estimation of use levels of food additives was investigated and the specific approach that can be applicable for Koreans has been proposed. Theoretical maximum daily intakes(TMDIs) of benzoate, $\rho$-hydroxybenzoic acid ester, butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), t-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), nitrite, nitrate, sorbate, and sulfite were estimated and compared with corresponding acceptable daily intakes(ADIs). Additives requiring further precise evaluation were screened. TMDIs of benzoate, BHA, BHT, TBHQ, nitrite, and sulfite exceeded ADIs. On the other hand, it is appeared that TMDIs of $\rho$-hydroxybenzoic acid ester, nitrate, and sorbate were below ADIs. It is expected that the Budget method may be used as one approach for the estimation of use level and risk assessment.

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일부 여대생의 영양섭취와 손목 골밀도와의 상관성 (Correlation between Nutrient Intakes and Bone Mineral Density in Carpus of Female University Students)

  • 최유진;임룻;라선화;최미경
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between nutrient intakes and bone mineral density in female university students. A total 27 female university students were measured the anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake and the bone mineral density of carpus using DEXA. The average age, height, weight, % body fat, WHR, and BMI of the subjects were 22.7 years, 161.5 cm, 57.0 kg, 29.9%, 0.8, 21.8 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Bone mineral density of ultradis and distal carpus as T-value were -1.5 and -0.4, respectively. The daily energy intake of the subjects was 1589.0kcal. And the intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and folic acid did not meet the Korean RDAs. The daily total food intake of the subjects was 1011.0g and food intake from cereals and vegetables was high. The major food groups of mineral intake were vegetables/cereals/milks/fishes for calcium, cereals/meat/vegetables/fishes for phosphorus, cereals/vegetables/meats for iron, seasonings/vegetables/cereals for sodium, vegetables/cereals/seasonings for potassium, and cereals/meats for zinc. The body weight and body mass index were significantly positive correlated to the bone mineral density of average carpus, respectively. The intakes of animal calcium and vitamin $B_2$ were significantly negative correlated to the bone mineral density of average carpus, respectively. In conclusion, bone mineral density in carpus and nutrient intakes of some female university students were low. Therefore, health management and the study on relation between bone mineral density in various site and long-term intakes of nutrients in many subjects are required.

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서울 일부지역의 조제유수유 영유아에서 조제유 및 이유보충식에 의한 영양소섭취 실태조사 (A Survey on Nutrient Intakes by Infant Formula and Supplemental Foods of Formula-Fed Infants in Seoul Area)

  • 장수정;신지혜;이연숙
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.251-262
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    • 2004
  • The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient intakes from infant formula and supplemental foods of 246 healthy infants fed infant formula, aged from 5 to 18 months. Subjects were devided into two groups depending on supplemental food type for weaning, Domestic supplemental foods (mainly home-made, n = 129) and Delivery supplemental foods (mainly commercially-delivered, n = 117). Four subgroups were assigned to 5-6 months, 7-8 months, 9-11 months, and 12-18 months by ages, respectively. Dietary assessment was carried out using 24-hour-recall method. Formula intakes in the delivery group tended to decrease accordingly with the ages. However, in the domestic group, formula intakes up to 8 months were similar and decreased after 9 month. Energy, protein, calcium and iron intakes from infant formula and supplemental foods were assessed. Energy intake at 12-18 months were lower than the RDA in both groups. Daily intake of protein and calcium at all ages were much higher than the RDA in both groups. Therefore, protein and calcium overnutrition were elucidated. Especially, protein intake at 5-6 months, calcium intake at all ages from infant formula was higher than the RDA in both groups. Iron intake at 5-6 months from infant formula were higher than the RDA. Consequently, as for infant formula, it was suggested that not only formula intakes but also nutrient content in formula should be reconsidered. On the other hand, nutrient intakes from supplemental foods in the domestic group tended to be higher than that of the delivery group. Especially at 9-11 months, significant differences between the two groups were observed. This may be due to high dependency on commercial powdered baby food in the domestic group. This study revealed that daily nutrient intakes of formula-fed infants are desirable but nutrient intakes from infant formula are too high. Conclusively, this study suggests that as the age of infants increases, formula intakes should be controlled and various supplemental foods besides commercially powdered baby food should be appropriately provided.

초등학교 저학년용 영양교육 소책자 개발 및 효과 분석 - 개인별 맞춤형 하루 필요 식품군 단위수 교육을 중심으로 - (Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Pamphlet for the Lower Grades Elementary Students - Focused on Individual Daily Needed Food Exchange Units -)

  • 손민정;조영숙;김세나;서혜지;김숙배
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.647-660
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.

당뇨병 성인 대상 보건소 영양교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과 분석 - 개인별 맞춤 하루 필요 에너지 및 식품군 단위수 교육을 중심으로 - (Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Program for Diabetes Mellitus at Community Health Center - Focused on Individual Daily Energy Requirements and Food Exchange Units -)

  • 오지윤;김숙배
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.485-497
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the developed nutrition education program focused on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units using Food Exchange System for diabetes mellitus at a community health center. Developed the nutrition education program, four weeks' nutrition education including provided twice individual meal as diet therapy (2 hour/lesson/week, 4 week), was provided to 20 diabetic elderly (12 male, 8 female, 50-75 yrs): 1st lesson "Introduction: management of diabetes mellitus", 2nd lesson "6 Food groups and sources of 6 food groups", 3rd lesson "Individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units", and 4th lesson "Food choice for diabetes mellitus". For effects' analysis of the developed program, we assessed the changes in anthropometric characteristics; biochemical characteristics and nutrient intakes using 24 hr recall method. Effects of the developed nutrition education program were as follows: weight was significantly decreased, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly decreased, and distribution of subjects in BUN and HbA1c was significantly changed. In protein : fat : carbohydrate (PFC) ratio, it was significantly changed from 15.98 : 16.30 : 66.69 to 17.51 : 18.94 : 64.10. In evaluation of nutrient intakes by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI), protein, fiber, fat, vitamin E, niacin, folic acid, calcium and zinc were shown significantly positive changes in distribution of subjects according to intake level. The index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) were significantly increased. In conclusion, the developed 4 weeks' nutrition education program focused on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units using Food Exchange System for diabetes mellitus at community health center may improve the symptom of diabetes mellitus.

시판 라면스프 및 고춧가루 중의 매운맛 성분 Capsaicin 함량측정을 통해 추정된 한국인의 Capsaicin 섭취량 범위 (Approximate Amounts of Capsaicin Intakes Determined from Capsaicin Contents in Powdered Soups of Korean Instant Noodles and Hot Peppers)

  • 유리나;박정순;김명환
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.501-504
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    • 1999
  • In order to get a quantitative information of capsaicin intakes derived from Korean daily spicy food, capsaicin contents in powdered red hot peppers and powdered soup of Korean instant noodles were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Capsaicin contents were 0.03~0.33mg/g in the powdered hot pepper, 3.67~5.50mg/g in the powdered soup with most spicy taste, 2.15~3.14 mg/g in the soup with medium level of spicy, and below 1.5mg/g in the soup with mild taste of Korean instant noodles. From the results, it was estimated that the amounts of daily intake of capsaicin from hot pepper were about 0.38~4.95mg/day, and capsaicin intakes from one pack of Korean instant noodles were about 10~60mg.

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대전지역 초등학교 4학년 학생의 비만율과 식습관 및 영양 상태에 대한 연구 (Prevalence of Obesity, Food Habits, and Daily Nutrient Intakes of 4th Grade Elementary School Students in Daejeon)

  • 왕수경
    • 한국생활과학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.631-642
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    • 2007
  • This study was an investigation of obesity, food habits and daily nutrient intakes of the 4th grade elementary school students in daejeon. A total of 148 children(male:71, female:77) participated in the study. We classified the subjects into normal group and obese group according to the grade of obesity indices by body fat ratio(BFR), 70% of the male and 31% of the female were obese group. The average height, weight were $140.1{\pm}4.9cm$, $33.0{\pm}3.6kg$(obese group), $141.9{\pm}5.7cm$, $42.0{\pm}3.6kg$(normal group) for the male, $141.2{\pm}6.4cm$, $42.4{\pm}6.2kg$(obese group), $139.5{\pm}6.4cm$, $33.0{\pm}4.5kg$(normal group) for the female. Weight showed a noticeable increase in the obese group, but height was not statistically significant. In dietary habits, it wasn't statistically significant but male obese group showed statistically increase in terms of eating fast(p>0.05) and eating snacks before sleeping(p>0.01) and female obese group was higher in frequency of eating out a month than normal group. Energy intakes of obese group was more than normal group and the average intakes of Vit. A, folic acid, Ca, were below the RI. The average intakes of vit A, vit C, folic acid, Ca, were also below the RI in normal group. The average intakes of vit A, folic acid, Ca, Fe were below the RI in female. Especially in female the intake of Ca was only 53.6%(obese group), 56.4%(normal group) of RI. From these results, we knew prevalence of obesity in elementary school students were high and obese groups were high in energy intakes but low in essential nutrients. Therefore we have to try to prevent and treat childhood obesity. So nutrition education of balanced diet and good dietary habits is needed for elementary school students.

전북지역 청소년 운동선수 대상 하루 필요 식품군 수 맞춤 점심급식을 병행한 영양교육 효과 (Effects of Nutrition Education Providing School Lunch by Personalized Daily Needed Food Exchange Units for Adolescent Athletes in Jeonbuk Province)

  • 고강모;김숙배
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.25-36
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education providing school lunch by personalized daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System for adolescent athletes. Methods: The subjects were 60 sports high school students (educated group, 30 vs. noneducated group 30). Nutrition education was provided for 4 weeks (40 min/lesson/week). In addition, personalized school lunch was served for 4 weeks, nutrition education period. The personalized lunch were provided Food Exchange Units according to personalized daily needed energy. The lessons were '5 Major nutrients, functions and foods', 'My daily needed energy and food exchange units by Food Exchange System', 'My meal plan by food exchange units according to my daily needed energy' and 'Smart choice of healthy snacks and eating outs'. After nutrition education, we examined the differences in anthropometric characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake between the educated and the non-educated group. Results: We observed improvements in lean body mass in the educated group. With regard to nutrition knowledge, there were improvements in 'Functions of vitamins', 'Functions of minerals', 'Foods of fat', 'Foods of vitamin', and 'Foods of mineral' in the educated group. In relation to dietary attitude, there were improvements in 'Taking a meal with family and friend', 'Taking a meal at ease', 'Taking a meal with kimchi and vegetables', 'Taking a meal with three kinds of side dishes', 'Priority of choosing snacks' and 'Type of snacks' in the educated group. With regard to dietary intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, there were improvements in intakes levels of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron and zinc. The index of nutrition quality, as indicated by nutrition adequacy ratio also improved in the educated group. Conclusions: These results showed that a nutrition education program providing education lessons and personalized school lunch by food exchange units according to daily needed energy showed positive changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of adolescent athletes. Nutrition education program providing personalized school lunch by Food Exchange Units may improve dietary behaviors and dietary intakes of adolescents.