• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.846-853
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• 2005

In this paper, mass transfer in turbulent flow around a rotating circular cylinder is investigated by Direct Numerical Simulation for Schmidt numbers Sc=1 and 1670. Correlation between Sherwood and Reynolds number predicted agrees well with other experimental results over both Sc. Reynolds analogy identified at Sc=1 definitely causes a strong correlation between concentration fluctuation and streamwise velocity. For Sc=1670, it is found that positive small values of concentration fluctuations are observed more frequently than the case of Sc=1 particularly out of the range of Nernst diffusion layer in the viscous sub-layer. This fact is fully confirmed by detailed statistical study using a probability density function of concentration fluctuations.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.34-53
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• 2002

Numerical solution of the forward-speed radiation problem for a half-immersed cylinder advancing in regular waves is presented by making use of the improved Green integral equation in the frequency domain. The B-spline higher order panel method is employed stance the potential and its derivative are unknown at the same time. The present numerical solution of the improved Green integral equation by the B-spline higher order Kelvin panel method is shown to be free of irregular frequencies which are present in the Green integral equation using the forward-speed Kelvin-type Green function.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1988

The radiation problem for an oscillating cylinder advancing under the free surface with a constant horizontal velocity is studied using the Green integral equation in the frequency domain. The Green function expressed in terms of the complex exponential, is derived using the damped free surface condition. Special attention is given to the behavior of the numerical solution in the vicinity of the critical Brard number ${\gamma}_c=\omega{\cdot}u/g=0.25$ where $\omega$ is the circular frequency of encounter, u the advancing speed and g the gravitational acceleration. It is shown that the solution is finite in the vicinity of ${\gamma}_c$ although the Green function becomes singular at ${\gamma}_c$. It is also shown that the computed hydrodynamic coefficients agree well with those obtained from the solution of the same problem formulated in the time domain.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

가스스프링은 가스가 압축될 때 가지게 되는 압력을 스프링과 같이 사용하는 형태로, 광범위한 산업분야에 사용되고 있고 그 수요 또한 증가하고 있다. 이 가스스프링은 압축 스프링과 인장 스프링으로 나뉠 수 가 있는데, 압축 스프링과 달리인장 스프링의 경우는 피스톤 속도 제어에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 2중 실린더 구조를 갖는 인장 가스스프링에서의 압력 손실 계산을 통하여 피스톤 반발압력의 크기를 이론적으로 예측하였고, 피스톤과 실린더 사이의 마찰이 작은 경우와 큰 경우에 대하여 피스톤의 실제 거동을 모사해 보았다. 수치해석을 위해서는 유동해석분야에서 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 FLUENT를 이용하였고, 피스톤의 거동을 모사하기 위하여 FLUENT에서 제공하는 6-DOF 모델과 사용자정의함수(User Defined Function)를 사용하였다. 격자는 Layering 기법만으로도 Dynamic mesh가 성공적으로 구현되도록 피스톤 전후의 유동영역을 따로 분할하여 다른 형태의 격자를 생성하였다. 해석 결과 두 경우 다 최종적으로는 목표로 하는 속도로 피스톤이 복귀하는 결과를 보였으나, 최종 속도에 도달하는 과정에서 다른 차이를 보였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2013

The concept of the natural frequency is useful for understanding the characters of oscillating systems. However, when a circular cylinder floating horizontally on the water surface is heaving, due to the hydrodynamic forces, the system is not governed by the equation like that of the harmonic one. In this paper, in order to shed some lights on the more correct use of the concept of the natural frequency, a problem of the heaving circular cylinder is analyzed in the time domain. The equation of motion, an integro-differential equation, was derived following the fashion of Cummins (1962), and its coefficients including the retardation function were obtained using the numerical solution of Lee (2012). The equation was solved numerically, and the experiment was also carried out in the CNU flume. Using our numerical and experimental results, the natural frequency was defined as its average value given by the motion data excluding those of the initial stage. Our results were then compared with those of the existing investigations such as Maskell and Ursell (1970), Ito (1977) and Yeung (1982) as well as the newly obtained results of Lee (2012). Comparison showed that the natural frequency obtained here agrees well with that of Lee (2012), which was found through the frequency domain analysis. It was also shown that the approximation of heaving motion by a damped harmonic oscillation, which was regarded as suitable by most previous investigators, is not physically suitable for the reason that can be clearly shown through comparing the shape of MCFRs(Modulus of Complex Frequency Response). Furthermore, we found that although the previous approximations yield the damping ratio significantly different from our result the magnitude of natural frequency is not much different from our result.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.731-736
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• 2004

In this study, a linearized model of pneumatic cylinder position control system including transmission line is proposed. The transmission line using compressible fluid has a nonlinear transfer characteristics because that the frequency response of it is changed by the flowing state of the fluid. But, when the pressure difference between both sides of transmission line is low, the effect of resonance characteristics of it under high frequency range can be neglected because of the friction force and low pass characteristics of the position control system. Therefore, the transmission line can be modeled by second order transfer function and the natural frequency, damping ratio and gain are changed by the diameter and length of it. The effectiveness of the proposed model is proved by comparison of simulation results using proposed model with experimental results and simulation results using conventional model.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

The performance of a direct-injection type diesel engine often depends on the strength of air flow in the cylinder, shape of combustion chamber, the number of nozzle holes, etc. This is of course because the process of combustion in the cylinder was affected by the mixture formation process. In the present paper, high speed photography was employed to investigate the effectiveness of holes penetrated from the bottom of cavity wall to piston crown for some more useful utilization of air. The holes would function to improve mixing of fuel and air by the increase of air flow in the cylinder. The results obtained are summarized as follows, (1) Activated first of the combustion by shorten of ignition timing and rapid flame propagation (2) Raised the combustion peak pressure, more close to TDC the formation timing of peak pressure.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1827-1832
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• 2003

In this research, the simulation method for acoustic sounds by a uniform flow around a two-dimensional circular cylinder by using the finite difference lattice Boltzmann model is explained. To begin with, we examine the boundary condition which determined with the distribution function $f_i^{(0)}$ concerning with density, velocity and internal energy at boundary node. Very small acoustic pressure fluctuation, with same frequency as that of Karman vortex street, is compared with the pressure fluctuation around a circular cylinder. The acoustic sound' propagation velocity shows that acoustic approa ching the upstream, due to the Doppler effect in the uniform flow, slowly propagated. For the do wnstream, on the other hand, it quickly propagates. It is also apparently the size of sound pressure was proportional to the central distance $r^{-1/2}$ of the circular cylinder. The lattice BGK model for compressible fluids is shown to be one of powerful tool for simulation of gas flows.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.3960-3969
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• 1996

A fluid flow inside a circular cylinder subject to horizontal and circular oscillation is analyzed theoretically. Under the assumption of small-amplitude oscillation, the governing equations take linear forms. The velocity field is obtained in terms of the first kind of Bessel function of order 1. It was found that a particle describes an orbit close to a circle in the central region and an arc near the side wall. We also obtained the Stokes' drift velocity induced by the traveling wave along the circumferential direction. The Eulerian streaming velocities at the edge of the bottom and side boundary layers were also obtained. It was shown that the vertical component of the steady streaming velocity on the side wall is almost proportional to the amplitude of the free surface motion.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

This paper presents a robust motion tracking control of a cylinder-toggle servomechanism for injection molding machines. Virtual design model has been developed for a five-point type toggle mechanism. A sliding function is defined and combined with PID control to accommodate mismatches between the real plant and the linear model used. From tracking control simulations, it is shown that significant reduction in position tracking error is achieved with clamping force build-up through the use of proposed control scheme.