• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2017

Background: The sprouts of oak species play an important role in maintaining the oak community in a disturbed environment. In this study, we cut 1-year-old oak in three times during the 3 years and measured the sprout responses to know sprouting ability of six deciduous oaks in Korea. Results: Oak sprouts have appeared in spring and fall, and some of the sprouts had lifespan as short as a month. As the number of cutting increases, sprout number of Quercus acutissima increased whereas the other oak species decreased or died. The average number of sprouts over the 3 years was from 1.4 (Quercus mongolica) to 2.2 (Q. acutissima) per individual. Quercus serrata died after the second cutting, and Quercus dentata died after the third cutting. So, the two species have the lowest sprouting ability among six oak species. The sprouts grew actively during fall and slowly in summer. The sprout length during the 3 years was in the following descending order: Q. acutissima, Quercus aliena, Q. dentata, and Q. mongolica. Sprout of Q. acutissima and Q. aliena generated steadily over the 3 years, and sprout of Quercus variabilis and Q. mongolica was changed by year. After the 3 years, the number of sprouts increased only in Q. acutissima but sprout number of the other five oak species decreased. The sprout length of Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, and Q. variabilis increased, but sprout length of the other three oak species decreased. The average survival rate of saplings over the 3 years was in the following descending order: Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. variabilis, and Q. mongolica. Conclusions: As a result, the sprouting ability of Q. acutissima was the highest. Such level of sprouting ability may be the evidence of how Q. acutissima community exists as a dominant species in a disturbed environment in lowlands of Korea peninsula.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1974

1972년(年)부터 1973년(年)까지 2개년간(個年間) 싸리 조록싸리 풀싸리를 공시재료(供試材料)로 하여 예확회수별(刈穫回數別) 생육상황(生育狀況) 생산성(生産性) 사료가(飼料價) 비료가(肥料價)의 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)코저 년간(年間) 1.2.4회(回) 예확구(刈穫區)를 설정(設定) 예확시험(刈穫試驗)을 실시한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 싸리 조록싸리 풀싸리 모두가 년간(年間) 4회예확(回刈穫)의 4번예(番刈)만을 제외(除外)하고는 전년도(前年度)보다 생육(生育) 및 생산량(生産量)이 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 예확회수별(刈穫回數別) 종별(種別) 생산량(生産量)은 종간예확회수간(種間刈穫回數間) 1%가 넘는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 인정(認定)할 수가 있으며 종간(種間)에서는 싸리 풀싸리 조록싸리의 순위(順位)로 수확량(收穫量)이 많았고 년간(年間) 4회예확(回刈穫)의 4번예(番刈)는 생육(生育) 및 수확량(收穫量)의 감소(減少)를 가져왔다. 3. 싸리 조록싸리 풀싸리 모두 년간(年間) 예확회수(刈穫回數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 생건비(生乾比)(건중량(乾重量)/생중량(生重量)) 엽경비(葉莖比)(경중량(莖重量)/엽중량(葉重量))는 감소(減少)했다. 4. 사료가중(飼料價中) 조단백질은 생육(生育)시기가 진행(進行)함에 따라 감소(減少)하는데 반해 조섬유는 증가(增加)하였으며 특(特)히 조지방(粗脂肪)은 예확회수별(刈穫回數別) 예확시기(刈穫時期)에 따라 변화(變化)가 많았다. 5. 비료가(肥料價)는 공시종(供試種) 전부(全部) 예확시기(刈穫時期)가 늦은것이 낮게 나타났다. 6. 싸리류(類)를 사비료(飼肥料)로 사용(使用)코저 할때는 사비료가(飼肥料價)가 높은 싸리 풀싸리로써 년간(年間) 2-3회(回) 예확(刈穫)이 좋겠고 연료(燃料)로 사용(使用)코저 할때는 생산량(生産量)이 많은 싸리로써 년일회(年一回) 예확(刈穫)이 좋은 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted over a 3-year period (1990-1992) to evaluate the production and quality of orchardgrass (Potomac)-red clover (Kenland) mixture when orchardgrass + red clover mixture was sown at seed rates of 20+0. 18+2, 16+4, 14+6 and 12+8 kg/ha. Total herbage dry matter, crude protein and digestible organic matter production and organic matter intake were markedly affected by increasing rcd clover seed rate, those increased with increasing red clovcr seed rate due to the cnhancernent of red clover percentage of total herbagc in all 3-year. but significant differences occured between the orchardgrass alone and orchardgrass-red clover mixture with a seed rate of 4,6 and 8 kg/ha red clover (P<0.01). But on the other hand increasing red clover seed rate increased red clover percentage in total herbage, the mean red clover percentage of total herbage at the last cutting ranged from 54 to 65% in first year. 58 to 60% in second year, and 62 to 69% in third year, particularly it was observed that red clover was sown at seed rates of 6 and 8 kg/ha for red clover sown dominated strongly as the cutting times were progressed. Considering the maintenance of good botanical composition balance and the enhancement of production and quality of herbage, the optimized seed rate for orchardgrass-red clover mixtures, 16 kg/ha orchardgrass and 4 kg/ha red clover seems to be considered adequate.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 1993

To study management practices suitable for the least production loss of temperate pasture under summer stress, two different cutting dates (late June and mid July) under summer stress and five different nitrogen treatment application levels (0, 100. 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha) were tried during the trial period between Oct. of 1986 and Oct. of 1989. The late June cutting showed a statistically significant increase of dry matter yield of pasture in comparison with the mid-July cutting(P<0.05). Nitrogen application also gave significant increase in dry matter yield. Botanical composition at the 4th cuttings in 1988 and 1989 was dominated by weeds to the level of 50%, Application ofnitrogen at 200 kgs per ha was found to be the best with production of grasses at 70%, legumes at 10 % and weeds at 20% in botanical composition comparison of pastures at the 4th cutting time the last year, showing a great decrease of weeds. K contents of pasture in June cuttings showed to be more than them in July cutting, and N and Na contents increased with increases of the nitrogen application level. It was concluded that treatment with June cutting and nitrogen application of 200 kg per ha was a way to keep temperate pasture from summer stress in the Cheju area.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.504-508
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• 1983

본 실험은 인삼경의 삽목시 발근 및 발근후 근의 비대생장에 미치는 합성 Auxin의 효과를 구명하고자 묘삼 및 2년생 인삼의 경삽후 NAA, IBA를 각각 0.5, 1.0 및 2.0ppM 그리고 2.4-D는 1.0ppM을 처리하였다. 경삽후 발근된 근은 초기에는 모두 반투명의 수염 뿌리였으나 경삽 120일 후에 조사하였던 바 이들 수염 뿌리 중 3-4개는 비대하여 본질 화되었고, 나머지는 없어졌다. IBA가 발근 및 발근후의 근비대 생장에 가장 효과적이었던 바 IBA 2.0ppM 처리구에서는 85%의 삽수가 2.0mm이상의 비대근을 형성하였으며 67%의 삽수는 3.0mm이상의 비대근을 형성하였다. 이들 본질 화된 비대근은 종자근과 유사한 형태를 보이는 것과 callus 모양의 구형근 3-4개가 서로 유착된 두 가지의 형태였으며 익년 7월까지도 근은 건조되거나 죽지 않았던 반면 뇌두도 형성되지 않았다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.458-468
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• 1996

The Oil Palm industry has developed tremendously with the increasing of planted area from 54,000 hectaresin 1960 to about 2.28 million hectares in 1995. This is expected to increase further to 2.5 million hectares by the year 2000. However, there has been an increasing difficulty in obtaining sufficient labour for the oil palm plantations. At present , harvesting of oil palm fresh fruit is facing an acute shortage of workforce as the workers are much more attracted to the better working environment and salary in the industrial sector. Harvesting of short palm is easily done by using a chisel attached to a short steel pole. Cutting is done by moving the tool at high speed to the target. The weight of the tool coupled with the speed of throwing will produce enough energy to cut the bunch stalk. In this cutting method, sharpness of the cutting device, weight of tool and the speed of throwing contribute to the efficiency of the tool . For the tall palms, a sickle attached to a ong pole is used and the job is more difficult compared to the short palms. Lifting of pole and cutting jobs require great effort and skills. This paper describes the basic design needs in developing an appropriate device that is practical for field use. A prototype design was developed and tested.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2022

The study was conducted to establish a method for the proliferation of hybrid poplar (P. alba × P. glandulosa) clone Bongwha1, an excellent biomass species. It was found that to collect the cuttings of Bonghwa1, it was necessary to use the main stem rather than the axillary branch. Stem growth by green-wood cuttings showed a tendency to decrease as the length of the collected cuttings increased, but the survival rate was low. Therefore, modified leafy stem cutting was attempted to increase the survival rate of the cuttings. In the modified leafy stem cutting method, 4 leaves were included in the cuttings, and especially, cuttings were performed using cuttings containing 2-4 cm xylem parts. Leafy stem cutting increased root growth and the number of stems, as well as the survival rate of hybrid poplar clone Bongwha1 compared to green-wood cuttings. The root growth of the leafy stem cutting poplar was better as there was more xylem part. Using two-year-old nursery stocks, the leafy stem cutting was used to produce about 66 cuttings. This study is expected to contribute to the mass propagation of high-quality nursery stocks.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1994

This experiment was canied out to study the effect of cutting frequencies (3, 4 and 5 cuts per year) and mineral nitrogen fertilization on dry matter yields, in order to estimate optimum level of fertilizing mineral nitrogen in orchardgrass(Dacry1is glomerafa L.). The results are as follows: 1. Dry matter yields were the highest in the 1st cut at 3 cutting frequency and in the 2nd cut at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, and they shared 49.7, 37.0 and 37.0% of annual dry matter yield respectively. 2. When only phosphorus and potassium were applied, annual dry matter yields were between 9.4 and 11.5 tons per ha and the highest yield was observed at 3 cutting frequency. 3. Dry matter yield in relation to fertilization of mineral nitrogen was highly increased when more nitrogen was applied as 360 kg per ha compared to 240 kg per ha at 3 cutting frequency. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, increases in dry matter yield, to large extent, were showed at 120 and 150 kg of nitrogen per ha(30 kg Nlcutlha) compared to no application of nitrogen. The efficiencies of mineral nitrogen fertilization (kg DM/kg N) were 28.0, 22.7 and 20.6 kg dry matter yields per nitrogen(kg) respectively). 4. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, dry matter yields were reduced when 360 kg and 300 kg of mineral nitrogen per ha(90 kg and 60 kg Nlcutlha) were applied respectively. 5. Particularly at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies of this study, maximum marginal yields reached at 129.9 kg and 148.0 kg of fertilizing mineral nitrogen per ha, and economical borden of mineral nitrogen fertilization were between 222.4 and 250.0 kg and between 244.8 and 276.8 kg respectively. At the same cutting frequencies, the highest dry matter yields were obtained at 365.4 and 433.8 kg of fertilizing mineral nitrogen respectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2005

To investigate the plants invasion process and dominant species in large-scale cutting slopes, slopes elapsed one year to thirteen years after construction had been selected in five counties. The obtained results are summarized as follows : The species of high appearance frequency were Alnus firma, Arundinella hirta, Miscanthus sinensi var. purpurascens, Erigeron cancdensis, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Oenothera odorata, Lactuca raddeana, Lactrca indica var. laciniata, Lespedeza bicolor, Youngia sonchifolia, Populus albaglandulosa, and so on. The biological type of identified vascular plants was $Ch-D_1-R_{5-e}$. In time, plant coverage was increased gradually and average of plant coverage was 1.17% in slopes which elapsed one year, 42.44% after six years, 56.67% after eight years, and 69.17% after ten years. The dominant species in the surveyed slopes were covered with Alnus firma, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Erigeron cancdensis, Miscanthus sinensi var. purpurascens, Arundinella hirta, Lactuca raddeana, Oenothera odorata, Boehmeria spicata, Kummerowia striata and Artemisia montana of the 59 species. The conditions of location in large-scale cutting slopes are hard to fix and germinate of seeds, and extend plant roots in the slope soil. Hence, the highly appearance species and dominance species of the area will make plant coverage quick and slope stable.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

In order to cut the round bale easily, a roughage cut-feeder for the round bale was developed in this study. This study consists of two parts. One is development of a cutting mechanism and a performance test reported in the previous paper. This is the second part of the study. For the study, recent trend of traditional cutting system was analyzed. Also, cost of the prototype cut-feeder was analyzed and determine the break-even point of farm size was determined by comparing with traditional method using a traditional cutter. A prototype cut-feeder was investigated with the fact that working performance, fiber length and shape of roughage and feeding quality was good. Operating cost of the prototype cut-feeder decreased rapidly with an increase of farm size. Break-even point in terms of farm size was 36 heads for beef and 28 heads for dairy. Also, costs estimated were 118,000 won/head year and 148,000 won/head year, respectively.