• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.5 no.1 s.5
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 1996

This study was carried on paper mulberry bast fibers, which were cut in the length of it's chip by three kinds. And they cooked by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium oxalate (AMOX), and pulping process was studied to inquire some properties of hand made papers. The results were as follows. AMOX pulps had $10\~17\%$ higher than NaOH, but amounts of the residual lignin of it's pulps and residual ash were high, and it surely can't be superior. In the freeness of pulps, AMOX pulps were higher than that of NaOH, but they showed tendency to opposite in view of relation of chip's length kinds. For the AMOX pulps, the physical characteristics test results were higher long fiber pulps than short fiber pulps. Specially, in folding endurance long fiber pulps were a very strong. NaOH pulp's physical characteristics test had shown results that were opposite of there of the AMOX pulps, if the length of the fiber is longer, the strengthts generally decreased. To get the optimum fiber's length according to use of paper and pulping method, they must be fractionate chip's length. The long fibers in NaOH pulps affected the paper quality greatly to length of chips.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.192-204
• /
• 2011

In this study, 3-D analyses were conducted while taking every construction stage into account. Then 2-D analyses were conducted which yield the same results with the 3-D results. The crown settlement normalized by the ultimate value was compared during the process to overcome the discrepancy caused by different dimensions. When a bench or a core is left uncut to give extra support to the face and eventually the whole excavation boundary, this extra supporting effect also has to be included in the analysis. In this study, this effect is also implemented in terms of the load distribution factor. When the length of the bench is very short compared to the diameter of the tunnel in such cases as in short bench cut or in mini-bench cut, the supporting effect of the face does not disappear even after the bench is completely excavated and supported since the face is still too close to the point of interest. The 4th load distribution factor was defined to stand for the advance of the face after the completion of the excavation cycle. The 4th load distribution factor turned out to be very useful in determining the load distribution factors when a tunnel is excavated by bench cut with various bench lengths under different initial conditions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.564-567
• /
• 2001

This experiment investigated the dwarfing effect of daminozide and chlormequat to produce high quality of spray chrysanthemum. Long neck of cut-chrysanthemum break easily. Peduncle length of the cultivar 'Biarittz' and 'Vyking' were retarded by the foliar spray treatment of $1500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide. Daminozide application did not affect plant growth of 'Biarittz' and 'Vyking'. However, the number of days to flowering was delayed by 3 days by daminozide application of 'Biarittz'. Length of cut flowers of 'Vyking' was decreased by the application of daminozide, while chlormequat did not affect dwarfing of peduncle length in spray chrysanthemum.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.256-260
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate effects of stock plant management and foliar spray of GA on the flower quality in hydroponically grown chrysanthemum 'Shinma'. In the growth and development as affected by stock plant management, cut flower length, petal number and cut flower weight were the best in the plot of long day and chilling treatment showed 114 cm, 298 and 102 g, respectively. Chlorophyll content(SPAD-value) was the highest in the plot of foliar spray of diluted Molbia(1 : 500). Flower quality according to concentration and spray time of gibberellin showed a different pattern. Cut flower length was the longest in the plot of solution diluted to 1 : 1,000 spraying before flowering at 60 days, petal number was the most in 1 : 500 at 60 days, and cut flower weight was the heaviest in 1 : 2,000 at 60 days, respectively. However, peduncle length was tended to be elongated with foliar spray of gibberellin solution diluted to 1 : 500 or 1 : 1,000 before flowering at 45 days.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.270-277
• /
• 2021

Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T. Yamaz. is perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Korea. Plant growth regulators, cutting mediums, cutting position, and leaf size were examined to investigate the requirements for cutting propagation of V. rotunda var. subintegra. This study was conducted over a period of 6 weeks from March to May 2017 in the Division of Plant Resources, Korea National Arboretum. For all treatments, survival and rooting percentage was 100%. In PGRs experiment, the number of roots and shoot length treated with 100 mg/L IBA treatment was significantly higher than that of NAA treatment. The shooting percentage was decreased with an increase of the PGRs concentration. In growing substrates experiment, the number of roots on commercial soil (61.2) was the highest, followed commercial + kanuma soil (45.7), and the lowest was kanuma soil (41.8). The shoot length treated with commercial soil (8.9 cm) was significantly greater than that of kanuma soil (4.1 cm). In cutting positions experiment, the number of roots treated with apical (56.6) was significantly higher than that of basal (38.8). In leaf-cut experiment, the number of roots and of shoot length treated with full leaf was significantly higher than that of half leaf. As a result, we recommend treating cuttings with 100 mg/L IBA treatment, commercial soil, apical position, and full leaf for successful cutting propagation of V. rotunda var. subintegra.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 1987

Crease cut pearled baller was studied in relation to product and quality, and processing electricity requirement with various pearling yields. 1. Increasing the pearling rate resulted in increasing broken grain of cut-Polished barley. 2. The range of length/width ratio in cut-polished baller were from 2.09 to 2.13 and those of pearled barley were 1.36, respectively. 3. Cut-polished barley required more electricity than pearled barley at the same polishing rate. As pearling rate increased at first polishing before cutting, total electricity requirement of cut-polished barley reduced significantly.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.539-548
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to control unseasonable flowering in a standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma' bred in Korea by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) and night temperature (NT) through suppression of the transition from a vegetative to a reproductive stage under long day length caused by high NT in summer season. Ethephon was applied either once or twice at a concentration of 0, 200, 400, or $800mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The NT within controlled mini-plastic houses was maintained at 13, 17, or $21^{\circ}C$. The NT at $13^{\circ}C$ showed the greatest inhibiting effect of unseasonable flowering among all NTs regardless of various combinations of ethephon concentration and frequency. Moreover, the inhibition tendency of unseasonable flowering was distinctly decreased in a NT-dependant manner. Higher NTs reduced cut flower length and number of leaves, but increased the number of young leaves attached to top part of the flower. Higher ethephon concentrations and lower NTs increased cut flower length and the fresh weight of total, stem, and leaves due to the extension of vegetative growth period. Thus, if it is difficult to control the NT below $21^{\circ}C$ in greenhouses in the summer season, we recommended to spray more than $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethephon once after planting to suppress unseasonable flowering and to ensure sufficient length of cut flowers.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.579-584
• /
• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture content on cut flower quality of Gypsophila paniculata L. 'Bristol Fairy' in spring and autumn cultivations. The soil moisture potential (SMP) set point for irrigation was either -3.2 or -10.0kPa in the vegetative growth stage, and -10.0, -31.6, or -79.4kPa after the budding stage. When soil moisture reached at each set SMP point, 10 mm water was drip-irrigated. Tendency of flowering was earlier as SMP set point was lower in both vegetative growth and after budding stages. No other flower characteristics were found among other treatments. In both spring and autumn cultivations, as SMP set point was lower, the low primary branch length and upper internode length were decreased, the stem firmness was increased, and curvature of cut flower stem was decreased. Especially, in autumn, the higher the SMP set point, the higher the low primary branch than the apex, thus the paniculate inflorescence was deeply destroyed. Yield in spring cultivation was not significantly different among treatments, while that in autumn cultivation increased as the lower the SMP value. It is thought that optimal imgation points during vegetative growth and after budding stages to produce high quality cut flowers are -10.0 and -79.4kPa, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2003

Purpose : To report the 'condylar cut-off sign', a new radiographic sign in knees with discoid lateral meniscus and to report the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the sign to elucidate the diagnostic significance of the sign for discoid meniscus. Materials and Methods : Fifty knees with complete discoid lateral meniscus and fifty normal knees formed the basis of this study. All of them were arthroscopically confirmed fer the discoid or normal lateral meniscus. The authors developed a method to measure the length of the medial and lateral condylar were compare and analyzed. Results : Tile average ratio was 0.716 in the discoid meniscus group, and 0.902 in the normal group. The stastistical analysis by the T-test revealed the t-value -11.13(p<0.0001). Stastistical analysis by chi-square test using cut point 0.8, also showed significant difference between the two groups, with $76\%$ sensitivity, $100\%$ specificity, $100\%$ positive predictive predictive value and $81\%$ negative predictive value. The 'condylar cut-off sign' was readily detectable in all cases of discoid lateral meniscus, suggesting that the cut off sign could serve as a simple and reliable radiographic sign fur the diagnosis of discoid meniscus. Conclusion : The condylar cut-off sign on the Tunnel view of simple radiography of the knee can serve as a good sign for the diagnosis of discoid lateral meniscus, with $100\%$ positive predictive value.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 1965

The aim of this work was to investigate how the mulberry shoots grew well when the mulberry branches were cut down, in hight, 1/3, $\frac{1}{2}$ and 2/3 of them, respectively, just before the Spring budding. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The rate of un-sprouted buds decreased sharply down as much as half of the control if the mulberry branches were cut off. The treatment, 1/3, was best one of various cut down sizes and the un-sprouted buds concentrated on the lower parts of the branches. 2. Even though the branches were cut down, at first it seemed flat to accelerate the sprouting of buds, but rather to have a tendency to become late. The speed of leaf growth, however, became faster after the sprouting. It took 7~9 days from the beginning of buddings to the 5th full grown leaf, and.7 days for the shortest one in the treatment, 2/3, when compared with 16 days of the control. 3. If the branches were cut down, the growth of the new sprouts was accelerated. For 45 days (on 5th of May to on 10th of June), therefore. the shoots had grown up to 1.6～2.5 times of the control, 34cm long. The shoots of which the branches were cut down at 2/3 of them were longest (83cm). Furthermore. the speed of shoot growth of cut-down branches was faster than that of the control. 4. In the increased rate of the number of the mulberry leaves, there was not significant difference between the control and the treatments. 5. The total amount of shoot growth showed considerably much more in the treatments than in the control. The successing growing shoots of treatment, 2/3 were little in a number but longest per one shoot in mean shoot length. 6. It seems to be much available that we may cut down branches at 2/3 of them in order to get the scions for the cutting as soon as possible.