• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2016

This study analyzes the relation of the consumption values and ethical fashion consumption behavior as well as other influential factors between Korean and German ethical consumers based on the 'Modified Theory of Planned Behavior.' A survey was conducted on female consumers in their 20s and 30s, who experienced ethical fashion consumption in Seoul and Berlin. A factor analysis, reliability analysis, F -test and multiple regression analysis were performed for model verification. The research results indicated that emotional value (in case of Korea) and functional value out of consumption values (in case of Germany) have significant effects in regards to the influence of consumption values on ethical self-identity. The effects of ethical self-identity on ethical fashion consumption behavior indicated that Korean ethical self-identity influenced the ethical fashion consumption behavior of moderating and simplicity and eco-friendly certification versus local consumption as well as above factors (in case of Germany) explained by ethical self-identity. Both variables had a negative moderating effect in Korea in regards to the moderating effects of social comparison and materialism in the relations of ethical self-identity and ethical fashion consumption behavior; however, only materialism was an influential factor in Germany. The results of the research variables by individualism/collectivism indicated that the horizontal-collectivism group showed the highest ethical self-identity along with the lowest materialism tendency that had a high point of consumption behavior towards local consumption. However, the vertical-individualism group was outstanding. The consumption behavior aimed at moderating and simplicity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2007

This study, as discussed herein, tries to understand how modern commercial buildings occur and develop in certain type of social and cultural conditions. There are many words standing for modern society, of which the most remarkable one is 'commercial society'. Commercial society is where goods are manufactured to one's taste and consumption is a way of communication and a way of discriminating one from the others by using different code. Nowadays, architecture gets more and more popular and becomes commercial object which is intended to the sign of the social meaning. So, the sign of commercial buildings varies according to the social and cultural backgrounds and kitsch is applicable to it. The original meaning of kitsch, which usually is considered an inferior copy of an existing style, is examined and applied to architecture in order for comprehension. Throughout this study, the types of commercial buildings are selected and immanent meaning to the psychology of consumers as applicable to commercial buildings is considered. Also, the trend of kitsch in commercial buildings is analyzed by classifying the image and code of a building's shape. In a conclusion of the study, two major points can be found; commercial building has a significant meaning in terms of design, and commercial building is the conceptual result of a continuous change in the relationship between society and art.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.364-371
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• 2012

I designed a dietary life kitchen utensils which is focused by the shape of split bamboo that has meaning of health and safety and the shaman who is the religion and incantation performer, and who solve problems, which are impossible to solve in common methods, by borrowing the power and granting the meaning which is connected with transcendent existence and principal. Having closest relation with human being's diet culture is being changed with adding beauty instead of the part of simple practical aspect in our normal life. I tried to show incantation effect with keeping the characteristic of kitchen utensils by granting the symbolic meaning of shamanism which is the shelter that is projected the desire of human beings. the materials were produced of an ebony and steel and varnished with lacquer for coloring. For hand shape, which is hard to treat in irregular forms, the religious image of shamanism was formed by casting which expresses the touch of an ebony and the cold characteristic of metal. an overall design doesn't detail excessively distort or largely transform the form of dietary utensils, keeps its individuality, and emphasizes the image by figuring a grip part which a human can see and a body can approach. in addition, I try to show a point that shamanism has affected human life for long time and symbolic meaning of bamboo-shape shows health and safety. And these things vest with each dietary life tools and should be the role of enzyme about the effect of human life.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.287-314
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• 2012

This article examines the problems with some words used in "Chinese novel Kam Pin Mui"that are presented in"the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary". The author analyses the problems into three aspects: first, error correction in meaning interpretation; second, supplementary correction in meaning interpretation; and third, additional error correction. The main points of the study are presented in the following. First, in relation to the error correction in meaning interpretation, this study finds out that the explanations of "Liezi", "daxuanmo", "kedui", "shaojian" in the "Great Chinese-Korean dictionary"are incorrect. The cases involve the explanations that have no foundation, do not get to the points, and have narrow meaning interpretations compared with original meanings. Second, as for the supplementary correction, this study points out that the explanations of "yiri", "jiaosa", "buxi", "langhu" are not sufficient. Thus, this study claims that the following meanings for each case should be added, including "long time," "abdominal pains during pregnancy," "a type of folk performing arts without stages in local areas of China, and "to devour in greedy gulps." Third, with respect to the additional error correction, this study analyses "the typos of the examples," "the setup of inaccurate meaning items," "the front-to-back arrangement of the examples," and "inconsistency between meaning interpretations and examples" displayed in the dictionary. The error correction in the dictionary can be possible only if the findings from several other disciplines should be incorporated, involving cultural history, the history of literature, philology, grammatology, linguistics, etc. It seems impossible for a person to solve all the problems with the errors in the dictionary. Thus, it will be greatly helpful to the author and the people who prepare for the new edition of "the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary" if we can get continuous supports and comments from relating scholars of other disciplines. As a result, all these efforts will contribute to the academic progress for the relevant disciplines and these academic activities may develop a new area of the study.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.37
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• pp.7-29
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• 2014

The 'discovery' or 'conquest' of the New World in 1492 was the starting point of world history that irrevocably changed the fate of the Latin American continent. The global stream known as 'Columbian Exchange', which was the widespread inter-continental contacts, inter-civilizational conflicts, or bilateral communication, has rendered multifarious effects throughout many historical periods up to the very contemporary time. The propagation of Catholicism initiated along with this 'discovery' transformed Latin America of nowadays in the region that has the biggest Catholic population in the world. The previous studies in Korea regarding Latin American Catholicism has focused on the spread of Catholicism in relation to the European colonization, rather than analyzing the concrete and detailed ways in which Catholicism exerted tremendous influences in the whole continent. They were less attentive to various historical contexts in which the diffusion of Catholicism differed greatly according to cultural landscapes and political specificities. Thus, this essay attempts to examine the diffusion of Catholicism from the perspective of confrontation between royal authorities and the power of church. The essay points out that the royal communities and institutional authorities which facilitated the intial process of Catholic evangelization maintained antagonistic relationship with ecclesial powers. By delving into the gradual transformation of church systems, it reveals that Catholicism in Latin America became a major field for conquerors in power to attain economic and political dominance. And unlike the initial submission and hospitality, the religious convert of the indigenous people attested to the violent inhumanity and opposition. Therefore, the essay aims to pave a clearer way to the understanding of complicated dynamics and conflicts between Catholicism in Latin America and the establishment of Spanish colonization.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.33
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• pp.274-289
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• 2000

Koryo Dynasty has greatly effected the meat eating practice in Korea. And by focusing on this period, this paper has in vestigated how this practice influenced and effected our meat eating culture. The 'Orders to Prohibit Butchery' written on Koryo's history books were to encourage stockbreeding rather than to follow the Buddhist policy they followed. By encouraging stockbreeding, they wanted to promote the usage of cattle in farming and thus increasing agriculture industry as a whole. Nonetheless, records show that hunting was permitted to a certain degree. And this allowed the civilians to depend their meat supply from hunting and for the fire field farmers to capture wild animals that harmed their crops. Moreover, through 'Kiwujae' (Kiwujae - a shamans service to pray for rain / ritual (praying) for rain.), we could see that earlier part of Karyo's rituals and ceremonies followed the Buddhist tradition while the latter followed the Shamanism tradition. Perhaps this was the result of allowing 'meat' for the service offerings. As Shamanism could be considered as a religion that allowed 'meat', prevalence of Shamanism was promoting meat-eating at mess(after these rituals and ceremonies that offered food (meat inclusive) to their guardian or god, the civilians would dine together.). In relation, this public eating practice slowed down the progress for storage technique. Therefore, meat-eating was developed through public and mass dining rather than through the form of family or private. On this account, we can safely regard meat-eating practice as a 'public event'. On the other hand, the history of castration is not so long in Korea. And the purpose of such practice was to use the stock for farming rather than to yield high quality meat. It is known that Mongol in Koryo period has greatly influenced meat cooking in Korea. And the exemplary dish is the 'tang' (tang - kind of soup. However less creamy, clearer broth and with more ingredients than soup.). However, the tang we ate in everyday life had the same cooking method as the tang we offered for services. Moreover, since we did not use castrated animals for our offering as the Mongolians, we must not have been greatly influenced by them. But if so, perhaps the influences would have been limited to the nobility.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.109-128
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• 2005

We dealt with the Wooden Shoes as a tool in the first chapter. You can doubt about the Wooden Shoes as a tool, which they were in Japan and China not Korea, strictly speaking, if they are real shoes or not. But anyway they had components of the Wooden Shoes in shape(form) or function, so it was expressed in the head part, cause of the possibility that Wooden Shoes as a tool are the previous stage of Wooden Shoes as shoes, though are not identified yet. In the second chapter, we dealt with the Wooden Shoes as shoes fundamentally. Recently, the Wooden Shoes of Shilla and Baekje were dug out each in Kyungsan-city Im-dang-dong and Buyeo-gun Neungsan-lee. Even though they were contemporary neighborhood countries, they had much differences in their forms of Wooden Shoes. While the Wooden Shoes of Baekje and the ancient Wooden Shoes of Japan are surprisingly alike. So we have tried to identify with the politic and diplomatic relation of Korea and Japan, through various literature records.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.73-92
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• 2020

This article addresses the possibility of developing a new art appreciation method using olfaction, which was not previously considered an important sense in expanding the cultural enjoyment of visually impaired people. The human olfactory system is a faculty that is not considered very important in modern society; however, this is due to cultural factors, and from a biological point of view, the human sense of smell has sufficient potential for practical application. In this study, it is assumed that when various types of scent are perceived through this sense of smell, each has its own unconscious relation to color and concept, which researchers have termed "color directivity" and "concept directivity." Through experiments, the researchers found that some specific scents have color directivity and concept directivity, and in using these scents, they succeeded in delivering information about colors used in artworks to the visually impaired. Based on this study, we hope to continue our research on the use of color-concept directional scents that can convey the brightness and saturation of colors and more diverse hues.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.129-162
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• 2017

Ruth Ozeki(Japanese-American female novelist)?s recent novel, A Tale for the Time Being (2013) draws our attention because the fiction shows very interesting fictional experiments, especially in terms of post-humanism. Indeed, the novel is not a science fiction at all which has been, and still is, the typical fictional field employed in the discussion for the transhumanism and posthumanism. It also does not include any cybogs, robots, or aliens which provoke the posthumanism-related issues like mind/body, human/nonhuman, nature/culture relations. Indeed, it seems "merely" represent realistic day-to-day lives of ordinary people living in contemporary Japan and Canada, and in very minute and particular details at that. Indeed, the central action of the main characters of the novel seems very traditional, that is on the one hand writing a diary by a teenage girl who is counting the days and weeks before her suicide and on the other hand reading it by a female novelist who happens to find her diary several years later. Nevertheless, I would like to suggest that underneath this traditional narrative surface are simmering post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews beyond liberal Humanism which takes human beings to be exceptional against human or non-human others. Not only in narrative contents and characterizations but also through narrative structure and strategies, the novel enacts post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews which are interestingly drawn from both age-old Buddhist ideas and modern eco-philosophy and quantum physics. I would like to stress that what triggers the author's fictional experiments helping our rethinking and redefining "what human beings are" and "what the relation between humans and nonhumans" is not merely intellectual interests but her keen and passionate response to the heart-breaking pains and sufferings of human and nonhuman beings caused by the contemporary natural-artificial catastrophes and techno-scientific predicaments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.151-166
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• 2020

Various experience keywords were derived through text mining analysis of two National Ecological and Cultural Exploration Routes. The results of this study were drawn as follows: The interaction between the experience keywords was analyzed by the degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality value calculated through the centrality analysis of the research site experience keywords. First, In the text mining analysis, 'walking' appeared as the top keyword in the I, II, and III periods of the two target areas. The keywords related to the stay type of "rental cottage" and "recreational forest" were derived for Masil Road in relation to accommodation facilities. However, the keywords related to the accommodation were not derived in Gubul Road. Second, as a result of the centrality analysis, the degree centrality of the keywords "walking", "sea", "look", "salt flats" of Masil Road and "walking", "lake" and "park" of Gubul Road was high. The keywords located at the center are "walking" and "sea" in the Masil Road, and "walking" in the Gubul Road. As an influential keyword, Masil Road is "experience" and Gubul Road is "history". Third, According to the results of the analysis, the keywords that appeared at the top of the Gubul Road are derived from the keywords related to the 1 ~ 8 course, and it is judged that the visitors are visiting the 1 ~ 8 course trail evenly. However, the Gubul Road only appears in the top keyword only for a few courses. Through this, it seems that three courses are intensively visited as the main course of 6 Gubul Road, 6-1 Gubul Road, and 8 Gubul Road.