• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

No educational provision for the gifted and talented works in a cultural vacuum, and this is as true for out-of-school activities as for what happens in school itself. There is evidence that excellence in children's achievements can come from widely differing special provision or from no special provision at all. Cultural influences affect attitudes as to who might be gifted and talented and what might be done for them. Whatever the size and influence of special centres anywhere, there is always overlap between in-school and out-of-school activities. For all styles of provision, cooperation between the two is a vital aspect of success. The major cultural dichotomy in this field is between the perception, usually found in the Far East that 'most children have gifted potential' and the largely Western view that 'few children have gifted potential'. It is safe to say that children who are selected for aptitude and ability, and who are keen to learn, will get more from special enrichment than those who of equal potential who have not had that experience. But this does not necessarily show the provision as the best possible method for enhancing gifts and talents. In fact, I do not know of a single scientific investigation, either cross-culturally or within one country, which compares any aspect of an out-of-school programme with another. As a result it is hard to say what type of provision would be most appropriate and effective in any given situation. Outcomes are also dependent on the enthusiasm, organisation and money put into any scheme - as well as the way youngsters are chosen for it. Some of the largest and most influential out-of-school American institutions were founded on the psychological understanding of human abilities that was current in the 1920s. These early influences of seeking an IQ cut-off point (or equivalent) to identify the gifted still affect their practice. in addition, the big American Talent Searches so often select youngsters for summer-schools not only by their high-level achievements, but also by their parent's ability to pay the sometimes high fees. Opinions about the identification of the brightest children and consequential educational practice underlie all provision for their education, whether in or outside school hours. Because of cross-cultural differences, it would not seem wise to copy any action directly from one culture to another without recognising these influences and possibly modifying the model. The growing trend around the world is to offer high-level opportunities to as many youngsters as possible, so that no keen learner is turned away without even a change of sampling them.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2012

This study's objective is to inform people of the value and identity and to understand the cultural landscape characteristics of coastal village forest, which have not been studied in-depth in previous studies. This study was conducted by selecting 10 village forest sites in the southern coast of Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea and the present state of forests were investigated through bibliographical and on-the-spot survey, as well as interviews with local villagers. The following points(characteristics of traditional culture, practical characteristics, scenic characteristics) are the important factors for analyzing cultural landscape characteristics of coastal village forest verified through the study. First, The coastal village forest in the village commons is mental space for the local community affected by folk belief rather than confucian backgrounds. Second, The coastal village forest is a reasonable space contriving economic efficiency and solving the real problems facing the coastal village. Third, The coastal village forest identities should be understood the land use around village and behind mountain from the sea of wide range rather than confined to just a forest consisting of trees. This study's significance is to make the basic data and to enhance the value of the coastal village forest unnoticed. In addition, the subjects of the study should be extended to the east and west coastal village forests and subsequent research should be conducted to notification the characteristics and differences of each coastal village forest.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.173-196
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• 2018

This study, which works to develop a method of focusing on A Quiet Dream by Zhang Lu, explored the structural differences of films and the changes in Zhang Lu's aim and perspective as noted in films, by a review to grasp his internal changes in texts and contextual factors. In A Quiet Dream, Zhang Lu made a filmic attempt that had never been made in the world of films prior to that date. He tried an aesthetic experiment on how films could reorganize the world, by using the effect of obscuring the boundary between reality and dream in films and generating a new narrative regarding filmic reality, actual reality, and the life and artistic truth of the Diaspora. Generally speaking, the changes in the narrative in A Quiet Dream seem to be his resistance against himself and the Diaspora. Thus, in the discussion about A Quiet Dream, relying on the external factors intervening in the relationship between the subject of creation and films is not a useful endeavor at this time. Consequently, it is noted that after settling down in Korea, Zhang Lu could directly approach the changes in the cultural position of films in multilayered ways, where films were the most dynamic part of his life. Due to the changes in the Diaspora, he could obscure the boundary for the first time in the world of films and experiment with how films could escape develop an interesting perspective that deviated from reality, and made a new goal to show new ideas regarding the individual's awareness of the world.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.205-240
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• 2016

The combination of animals has been developed in each of the cultural spheres as a method of metaphor and symbolism of the cultural code. However, its symbolism is not a fixed constant, but a variable and relative constant. This work focused on its features in comparison with East Asian cultural spheres comedic stories and proverbs. Consequently, several features were identified. First, the combinations of animals in similar comedic stories and proverbs among Korea, Japan and China show a difference in point of view. Korean focuses on the difference of the two animals, but Chinese and Japanese focus on the differences in value and level. Second, the method of anthropomorphization is relatively more developed in China and Japan than Korea. The combinations of animals of Chinese comedic stories and proverbs particularly in the field of anthropomorphization, are most focused on age and sex of the animal. The animal's age or sex remains mostly undetermined in Korean animal's proverbs, unlike Chinese proverbs. On the other hand, two animals in Japanese comedic stories and proverbs are usually of the male and female gender from. Third, the combinations of animals of Chinese and Japanese focus on the animal's body and its characteristics of action. Chinese and Japanese combine the characteristics of the two animal's bodies and actions. This feature apparently caused the resultant combinations of the animal's body parts, for example, the Dragon. Understanding of the combinations of two animals is a good portal into the features of East Asian culture sphere.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

In order to prolong the Shin-Hallyu and make a significant leap forward, we analyzed the characteristics of Jambinai, Singsing Band, and Ackdan Gwangchil, bands that are recognized globally for their musicality and popularity. First, the socio-cultural background behind the world's attention on korean traditional music lies in the racial and cultural diversity that embraces the non-mainstream identity. In particular, the success of Korean traditional music fusion bands in non-Asian countries can satisfy their public seeking to enjoy an exotic culture that is different from Western culture. it is necessary to recognize cultural, social and musical differences depending on the country or ethnicity and to approach them accordingly. Second, in the same Asian region, Korean traditional music is not given a sense of homogeneity, but in the West, the Eastern heterogeneity seems to have become a stronger ompetitive edge. With the expansion of the new Korean Wave to various regions, it is necessary to try to form a regional repertoire. Third, we found the validity of the convergence with the new Korean Wave through the characteristics of Gugak musicians as the main body to build a world of traditional music and enable popularization and globalization. It is necessary to highlight korea's traditional cultural value through analytical research on the effects of tone, composition and directing techniques reflected in korean traditional music or musical elements. The uniqueness and Korean values provided by Gugak will serve as homogeneity in Asia and heterogeneity in Europe and the United States, presenting the possibility of New Hallyu content and contributing to the prolonged Korean Wave.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.217-233
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• 2022

The remains found in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju are located in close proximity to the Ancient Tombs in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju (Historic Site) which were built between the late 5th and early 6th centuries, and these tombs are known to belong to the powerful rulers of that area. Using metallurgical techniques, this study was conducted on the iron objects obtained from the excavated remains in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju which are presumed to have a close relation to the nearby ruins that played an important role in the growth of Silla. To identify differences in manufacturing techniques based on the purpose of the iron objects, eight objects were selected after classifying them by use and the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions were investigated. The analyses results confirmed that the manufacturing process involved forging iron with a high or low carbon content to produce a particular shape, and that the carburization process was applied to iron post forging a shape to increase its strength when necessary. The mechanical properties were improved by selectively applying the steelmaking method and the heat treatment technique considering the functions of the parts, and the low temperature reduction was applied to the smelting process. Furthermore, in comparison with the iron objects excavated from the remains located in the center of Gyeongju and its outskirts, it is confirmed that there is similarity in the smelting and manufacturing techniques between these objects.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.201-216
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• 2022

Materials and techniques used for two portraits (Jo-nyeon Lee and S ung-in Lee) of the Lee family from Seongju enshrined in Seongsan temple were scientifically analyzed, and based on the data, an optimal replica restoration method was designed. According to the expression technique investigation, both portraits were expressed mainly in line drawing, but there were differences in shoes, pupils, the color expression of flesh, overpainting, and traces of reinforcement. Pigment analysis revealed that a mixture of cinnabar and minium, organic pigment, azurite, malachite, lead white, and yellow pigment were used in common. In the case of Sung-in Lee's portrait, seokganju and atacamite were also used. In addition, comparison with the contemporaneous portraits of gentry showed that the portrait style at the time was found in the two portraits, but the singularity was modified differently there. Based on the scientific analysis, it was decided to replicate the old color restoration for Jo-nyeon Lee's portrait while for Sung-in Lee's portrait, it was decided to replicate the phenomenon. Detailed coloring techniques were presented by supplementing the expression techniques that are difficult to confirm visually using scientific data. In addition, by measuring the chromaticity of representative positions in the portrait for each color and presenting the color reference value calculated as the average value, the current color of the artifact can be replicated and restored based on the objective data as much as possible.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.251-284
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• 2010

Through specific cases, this article examines the causes and measures to overcome cultural divergences most frequently encountered by Koreans living in Vietnam and Korean-contacting Vietnamese in terms of mode of communication, mode of living and mode of doing business. Historical reality proves that Vietnam and Korea have a lot in common in history, culture and society, due to the influence from the Chinese culture on both countries. However, each country has its own acculturation, hence, there exist, apart from the normal dissimilarities, differences between the two countries especially in natural environment andpolitical systems. As a result, in Vietnam, Koreans and Vietnamese have met with quite a lot of divergences in communication, business and living activities. In order to overcome these cultural divergences, in addition to the ceaseless efforts made by Koreans in Vietnam and Korean-contacting Vietnamese, there should be concern, assistance as well as cooperation between the people and the authorities of the two countries. We should draw lessons from the groundless or trivial affairs which, springing from the Chinese people's dislike for Koreans, have been blown up and disseminated on the internet; where by we are to reconsider the relationship between Koreans and Vietnamese. What is more, Korea still feels historically ashamed to have sent nearly 350,000 soldiers to the wa rin Vietnam for economic purposes in the past. As our predecessors brought about that historic shame to get bread for our fatherland in exchange, our generation today should approach Vietnam out of a sense of responsibility towards history. Having experienced a period of economic difficulties, Vietnam innovated and started its open-door policy in 1987. However, this event should not be regarded as the reason for us to approach Vietnam with only one rigid economic principle.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.861-871
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• 2018

This study aims to explore the cultural contact experience of the Vietnamese Marriage Immigrant's between Vietnamese and Korean culture which is based on the traditional holidays. In order to achieve the goal of this study, this study was conducted by case study method and the data collection was conducted through in - depth interviews with 7 Vietnamese marriage immigrant women. The results of the study are as follows. While Vietnamese married immigrant women have become familiar with Korean culture by experiencing Korean culture while experiencing their own culture, they are experiencing a lot of conflicts due to cultural differences between their home country and Korea. However, they were able to confirm their aggressive adaptation in their domestic and social environments through their experience of traditional Korean festivals. Based on these findings, this study proposes the following suggestions for successful immigrant marriage immigration. First, for a harmonious family life in a Vietnamese multicultural families, it is not a one-way education for married immigrant women, but a mutual culture Education should proceed. Second, marriage immigrant women expressed the feeling that they did not feel family bond and communication in the holiday place. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire the function of traditional festival that promotes the bond of community with more specific programs and events related to traditional festivals do.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2005

This study compares shamans' costumes of Korea with those of Siberia and Central Asia. It also investigates the meaning of shamanism and shamans,the relationship of Korean shamanism to shamanism, and the genealogy of Korean shamanism. For collecting and analyzing data of the research, literature reviews, field studies, and the investigation of historical relics are mostly used. The following are the major findings of the research: Through the comparison of shamans' costumes of Korea with those of Siberia and Central Asia, this research finds out some similarities and differences in the costumes. Both Korean shamans and Siberian and Central Asian shamans wore shaman's costumes and used utensils like bells or mirrors when they perform a religious service. On their costumes, they both used an element which stands for birds. However, they were different in terms of the materials or styles of the costumes, of the function of the costumes, and of the decorating with ornaments. The differences in the materials or styles of the costumes, different functions of the costumes, and using ornaments or not can be viewed as a general phenomenon, which is resulted from different environments. The soul's departing the body or the possession or a mixed method can be considered as mere variations due to regional or cultural differences. In conclusion, based on the comparison of the costumes of shamans of Korea with those of Siberia and Central Asia, the shamans of Korea and Siberia and Central Asia share the same origin. And the genealogy of Korean shamans can be said to be originated from the northern shamanism.