• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2017

Background: In 2006, the European Union (EU) has decided to forbid use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Although many researches had been conducted about fiber source as alternatives of antibiotics, there are still lack of reports in the literature about the optimum level of sugar beet pulp supplementation, affecting growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Therefore, different level of sugar beet pulp was added to diets to determine the effects of sugar beet pulp supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profile and incidence of diarrhea in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaning pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], averaging $9.01{\pm}1.389kg$ of initial body weight were, allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Each treatment was composed of 4 replicates with 10 pigs per pen. The treatments were control treatment: Corn-SBM basal diet + ZnO (phase 1: 0.05%; phase 2; 0.03%) and four different levels of sugar beet pulp were supplemented in Corn-SBM basal diet (3, 6, 9 or 12%). Two phase feeding programs (phase 1: 1-2 weeks; phase 2: 3-5 weeks) were used for 5 week of growth trial. Results: In feeding trial, there were no significant differences in growth performance and incidence of diarrhea among treatments. The E.coli counts were not significantly different among dietary treatments but linear response was observed in Lactobacillus counts as sugar beet pulp supplementation increased (P < 0.05). In addition, IGF-1, IgA and IgG were not affected by dietary treatments. However, the BUN concentration was decreased when pigs were fed the treatments of diets with SBP compared to that of control treatment (P < 0.05). In nutrient digestibility, crude fiber and NDF digestibilities were improved as the sugar beet pulp increased (P < 0.05). However, digestibilities of crude ash, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary sugar beet pulp levels. Conclusion: This experiment demonstrated that sugar beet pulp can be supplemented in weaning pigs' diet instead of ZnO to prevent postweaning diarrhea without any detrimental effect on growth performance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.315-324
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse fiber on physicochemical and textural properties of meat emulsion with different fat levels. Crude sugarcane bagasse fiber (CSF) was treated with calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH_2)$) to obtain alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse fiber (ASF). The two types of sugarcane bagasse fiber (CSF and ASF) were incorporated at 2% levels in pork meat emulsions prepared with 5%, 10% and 20% fat levels. Alkaline-treatment markedly increased acid detergent fiber content (p=0.002), but significantly decreased protein, fat, ash and other carbohydrate contents. ASF exhibited significantly higher water-binding capacity, but lower oil-binding and emulsifying capacities than CSF. Meat emulsions formulated with 10% fat and 2% sugarcane bagasse fiber had equivalent cooking loss and textural properties to control meat emulsion (20% fat without sugarcane bagasse fiber). The two types of sugarcane bagasse fiber had similar impacts on proximate composition, cooking yield and texture of meat emulsion at the same fat level, respectively (p>0.05). Our results confirm that sugarcane bagasse fiber could be a functional food ingredient for improving physicochemical and textural properties of meat emulsion, at 2% addition level. Further, the altered functional properties of alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse fiber had no impacts on physicochemical and textural properties of meat emulsions, regardless of fat level at 5%, 10% and 20%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.615-622
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• 2020

Objective: The objectives were to investigate correlations between energy digestibility (digestible energy [DE]:gross energy [GE]) and various fiber types including crude fiber (CF), total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and to develop prediction equations for estimating DE in feed ingredients and diets for growing pigs. Methods: A total of 289 data with DE values and chemical composition of feeds from 39 studies were used to develop prediction equations for DE. The equations were validated using values provided by the National Research Council. Results: The DE values in feed ingredients ranged from 2,011 to 4,590 kcal/kg dry matter (DM) and those in diets ranged from 2,801 to 4,203 kcal/kg DM. In feed ingredients, DE:GE was negatively correlated (p<0.001) with NDF (r = -0.84), IDF (r = -0.83), TDF (r = -0.82), ADF (r = -0.78), and CF (r = -0.72). A best-fitting model for DE (kcal/kg) in feed ingredients was: 1,356 + (0.704 × GE, kcal/kg) - (60.3 × ash, %) - (27.7 × NDF, %) with R² = 0.80 and p<0.001. In diets, DE:GE was negatively correlated (p<0.01) with NDF (r = -0.72), IDF (r = -0.61), TDF (r = -0.52), CF (r = -0.45), and ADF (r = -0.34). A best-fitting model for DE (kcal/kg) in diets was: 1,551 + (0.606 × GE, kcal/kg) - (22.1 × ash, %) - (25.6 × NDF, %) with R² = 0.62 and p<0.001. All variables are expressed as DM basis. The equation developed for DE in feed ingredients had greater accuracy than a published equation for DE. Conclusion: All fiber types are reasonably good independent variables for predicting DE of swine feeds. The best-fitting model for predicting DE of feeds employed neutral detergent fiber as an independent variable.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1437-1442
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• 2004

In this study, lotus root(Nelumbo nucifera G.) and omija(Schizandrae fructus), which have been used in oriental medicine and folks remedy, were examined to apply to functional foods. We prepared yanggaeng with lotus root, sugar, oligosaccharide, agar, omija extract solution and analyzed the nutritional composition(moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate, free sugar and minerals). Also we investigated texture profile and evaluated sensory characteristics of developed yanggaengs and 8 commercial ones. Potassium and crude fiber contents of yanggaeng with lotus root were higher than the commercial yanggaengs. Cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess of lotus root yanggaeng were the same levels of commercial yanggaengs. Sensory evaluation with the ones, showed that the lotus yanggaeng was more desirable than the commercial ones. Yanggaeng with lotus had good scores in texture profile and sensory evaluation compared with commercial yanggaengs. These results demonstrated that lotus root hadsufficient values to use a foodstuff for yanggaeng.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.655-660
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• 2006

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of xylose treatment on rumen degradability characteristics of DM, OM and CP and in vivo digestibility of DM, OM, CP and crude fiber (CF) of soybean meal (SBM) and cottonseed meal (CSM). In Trial 1, three ruminally cannulated Merino rams were used. Xylose treatments at both levels, 0.5 and 1%, decreased effective degradability of DM, OM and CP of SBM, whereas 0.5 and 1% xylose treatment of CSM did not show any effect on effective degradability of DM, OM and CP. By contrast, maximum potential degradabilities of DM, OM and CP of CSM seemed to be increased by 1% xylose treatment. It was concluded that xylose treatment was effective in protecting SBM proteins from degradation in the rumen, but the same treatment was not so effective for CSM protein. In trial 2, three Merino rams were used. With treatments, DM, OM, CP and CF digestibilities of SBM and CSM were not changed. Crude fiber digestibility was numerically increased by the treatments of 0.5 and 1% xylose of both SBM and CSM compared to untreated SBM and CSM but differences were not significant. In conclusion SBM proteins can be effectively protected from degradation in the rumen by xylose treatment, without negatively affecting in vivo digestibility of protein, whereas xylose treatment appeared to be less effective on protecting of CSM proteins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2009

Cereals or cereal grains, are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their fruit seeds. In this study we evaluated the chemical characteristics of 12 raw cereals produced in Korea. The nutritional and functional contents such as moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, dietary fiber, minerals(Ca, P, Fe, Na, and K), vitamins (A, E, C, B groups, folic acid, and niacin), total polyphenol, carotenoid, and flavonoid containing isoflavone were investigated. Especially, the dietary fiber were determined and divided into three contents such as total, soluble, and insoluble fibers. As a results, the black rice was shown the high total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. They were included the rich vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats and protein. The other chemical compositions were not shown the remarkable differences among cereal cultivar. This result can be used as basic data for specific cooking or functional study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 2015

The objective of the study was to measure the beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation on the nutritive value of oat silage collected from thirteen regions in the Republic of Korea. The contents of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude ash (CA) were slightly lower in LAB inoculated silage when compared with the control silage, whereas inoculation of LAB resulted in increased total digestible nutrient (TDN). Higher number of LAB, but lower count of yeast and fungi indicated the effectiveness of the LAB inoculation on oat silage fermentation. LAB inoculation resulted in low pH silage, which may prevent undesirable microbial growth. The LAB inoculation promoted lactic acid dominant fermentation with marginal levels of acetic acid and butyric acid in oat silage. These data suggest that the LAB inoculation may preserve oat silage at better quality for ruminant animal production.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.490-494
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• 2005

The purpose of this was investigate the possibility of medicinal plants application as an edible functional food resources. We arried out to develop a beverage by using Nelumbo nucifera and we examined the nutritional characterics. Also we examined the effects of drink on physiological function in aorta relation. Thus, the effect of developed beverage on phenylephrine induced contraction of isolated rat thoracic aorta. Contractile force was measured with force displacement thansducer under 1.5g loading tension. Brix, pH and titratable acidity of developed drink were 12.25%, 4.5 and 0.092%. The approximate nutritional composition of beverage was carbohydrate, 9.40%, crude protein, 0.30%, crude fat, 0.25% and ash, 0.15%. Also insoluble fiber and soluble fiber were 1.30%, 0.80%. Developed beverage contained Na(11.45 mg%), K(6.87 mg%), Ca(2.53 mg%). The contraction forces by injection of phenylephrine in isolated thoracic aorta were significantly law in each beverage treatment groups compared with control group. These results that developed drink with medicinal plants can be used as a functional material to decrease aorta contraction.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1185-1195
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• 2024

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of wilted and unwilted silage on various parameters, such as nutrient content, fermentation quality, bacterial populations, and digestibility. Methods: Thirty-six studies from Scopus were included in the database and analyzed using a random effects model in OpenMEE software. The studies were grouped into two categories: wilting silage (experiment group) and non-wilting silage (control group). Publication bias was assessed using a fail-safe number. Results: The results showed that wilting before ensiling significantly increased the levels of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, compared to non-wilting silage (p<0.05). However, wilting significantly decreased dry matter losses, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia levels (p<0.05). The pH, crude protein, and ash contents remained unaffected by the wilting process. Additionally, the meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in bacterial populations, including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and aerobic bacteria, or in vitro dry matter digestibility between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Wilting before ensiling significantly improved silage quality by increasing dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrates, as well as reducing dry matter losses, butyric acid, and ammonia. Importantly, wilting did not have a significant impact on pH, crude protein, or in vitro dry matter digestibility.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of rainfall after cutting on nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) hay. Fresh Italian ryegrass was treated with 3 days natural rainfall (56.5, 14.0 and 1.6 mm) after cutting without tedding. Rainfall effect on Italian ryegrass quality was evaluated based on Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC). The quality of Italian ryegrass was decreased with extending raining days. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was increased from 0.4 to 4.7% by 1 day advancement in raining. CF content was decreased from 8.1 to 32.8%. CP and CA contents did not change, but NFC content was decreased from 0.5 to 8.4%. The quality damage by the number of raining days after cutting Italian ryegrass was the lowest on the first day from exposure to rain.