• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effects of green-yellow vegetables toward aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-ox-ide (4-NQO) using the Ames assay system with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were studied. Forty six to fifty percent of the methanol extracts of the vegetable samples inhibited the mutagenicity induced by AFB$_1$in TA98 and TA100. Perilla leaf, lettuce, broccoli, crown daisy, water dropwort, small water dropwort, red pepper, red pepper leaves, amaranth, spinach and radish root were significantly reduced the mutagenicity of AFB$_1$(p< 0.01). Whereas 25 out of 27 samples (93%) exhibited antimutagenicity toward a direct mutagen of 4-NQO (p< 0.01. 0.05). The samples which showed the strong antimutagenicity (>60%) were cabbage, kale, lettuce, broccoli, mustard leaf, green red pepper, green sweet pepper, spinach, amaranth, soybean sprout and immature pumpkin. The juices from the several samples also showed antimu-tagenic activity toward AFB$_1$. Cabbage, perilla leaf, small water dropwort and spinach reduced TAT100 revertants dose dependently in the range of 50-500$m\ell$/plate, however, cucumber and carrot showed little effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 1966

As a series of studies on the behaviour of Pine gallmidge (Theccdiplosis japonensis Uehida ei Inoaye), the season of the larval hibernation in winter as well as the season of the attack of adults on pine needles in the vicinity of Seoul were observed, and following results were obtained. 1. The larvae get out of the galls and fall into the ground for the hibernation commencing from the end of September and finishing by the end of January of the next year. 2. About 76% of the whole larvae fell down during the month of November. 3. The frequency and the duration of raining mainly influenced the larval falling into the ground but temperature, humidity and the quantity of rainfall was not likely influence upon it. 4. As many as 47,000 larvae were counted per 1.5 square meter of the ground under the crown of the damaged trees. 5. When pine needles were isolated by fine linen-net-bag to keep the needles from the oviposition of the adults of the insect, at six different season; -i.e. 30th, May, 6th, 10th, 15th, 25th, and 30th June, the percentages of the damage were 80%, 50%, 36%, 19%, 20% and 1% respectively, while the damage of the control was 91%.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1A
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• pp.133-142
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• 2006

This paper evaluates the moment equations in the 2000 Canadian highway bridge code (CHBDC) for soil-metal box structures, which are applicable to the span less than 8 m. Finite element analyses carried out for soil-metal box structures having spans of 3-12 m using the deep corrugated metal plates under three construction stages; backfill up to the crown, backfill up to the cover depth, and live loading. The coefficients of moment equations are newly proposed based on the results of numerous finite element analyses considering various design variables, such as span length, soil depth, backfill conditions. The validity of the proposed coefficients in the moment equations of the 2000 CHBDC is investigated by the comparison with the existing coefficients and numerical results of finite element analyses. The comparisons show that the moments of the 2000 CHBDC give good predictions for the span less than 8m, but underestimate for the span greater than 8m, whereas the proposed moments give good estimates of numerical results for the spans of 3-12 m. In addition, this study suggests the use of high strength steel to satisfy the requirement of design bending strength for the span greater than 8 m.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2021

With the rapid development of aesthetic ceramic materials and resin adhesives, the transition from metal ceramic crown to all-ceramic restoration is being actively carried out. When making porcelain restorations, the advantages can be maximized only when appropriate forms and techniques are used. Recently, an esthetic partial-coverage restoration method with supra-gingival margins was introduced by applying a minimally invasive tooth removal method that preserves enamel as much as possible and enhances adhesion efficiency. Through this, various advantages such as minimization of tooth structure removal and ease of excess cement removal can be obtained. In addition, since this manufacturing method does not require cord packing, it is possible to save time for impression taking and reduce patient discomfort. Furthermore, the margins can be clearly obtained without the intervention of gingival fluid or blood, making it possible to manufacture more accurate restorations. In the following cases of patients with partial tooth defects, esthetic ceramic partial-coverage restorations with supra-gingival margin was applied using minimally invasive tooth preparation method according to the concept of adhesive dentistry. Therefore, unnecessary tooth abutment preparation was prevented and residual tooth structure could be preserved as much as possible. After delivery of the ceramic partial-coverage restorations, favorable outcome was obtained.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2010

Loss of posterior support may cause overloading and excessive wear of remaining teeth. Moreover, the extrusion of antagonistic teeth leads to the destruction of the occlusal plane. The loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) also emerges clinically, which may bring the loss of esthetic appearance and function. These patients who suffer from the loss of posterior support, often require vigorous periodontal treatments (osteotomy, crown lengthening) and extensive oral rehabilitation. Sixty three years old female patient visited for the prosthetic treatment of the posterior edentulous area. She had no other systematic disease and parafuctional habits for prosthetic treatment. Intraoral and radiographic examinations were done. The evaluation of VDO and vertical dimension of rest position were evaluated for proper prosthetic procedures and diagnostic wax up was done. As a result of diagnosis, VDO was increased by 2 mm considering the loss of VDO and space for the prosthetic treatment. After the pretreatments, initial preparation of teeth and provisionalization were carried out. Six weeks later of provisionalizaion, final preparation and impression was performed. Using the duralay resin copings, jaw relation was registered. The master cast was mounted and definitive restoration was fabricated. After the evaluation of esthetic and function, pick up impression for clinical remounting was done. Lucia jig was made for new jaw relation and occlusal adjustment on the articulator. Definitive restoration was delivered and the patient was periodically recalled for additional occlusal adjustment. From this case, the satisfactory functional and esthetic results through full mouth rehabilitation with increase vertical dimension were achieved.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2016

Lowe syndrome is X-linked gene disorder, characterized by cataracts, renal dysfunction and brain abnormalities. Oral healthcare of young patients with Lowe syndrome could be easily neglected due to the uncooperative behavior or other systemic condition of the child. We are presenting a case of successful treatment under general anesthesia with uncooperative child with Lowe syndrome. A 3-year old boy with Lowe syndrome visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital for multiple caries. He had been suffering from congenital cataract, medullary nephrocalcinosis and hypotonia. Multiple caries were observed from clinical and radiographic examination. Concerning behavior management problem and possibility of aspiration due to hypotonia, dental treatment under general anesthesia was planned. Left upper primary first molar was extracted to prevent further infection. Other teeth were treated with Stainless steel crown or composite resin restoration based upon the extent and the severity of dental caries. Under general anesthesia, dental procedure was carried out successfully and safely. Considering uncooperative behavior and other medical conditions of the patient, general anesthesia could be effective. Home oral care and periodic visit to dental clinic should be emphasized to the caregiver of patient with Lowe syndrome, considering the susceptibility of dental caries and other oral manifestation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.39
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• pp.95-130
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• 2006

Japanese government college researchers, including Sekino Tadashi(關野貞), have conducted research studies and collected data, on overall Korean cultural relics as well as Silla tumuli(新羅古墳) in the early modern times under the Japanese imperialistic rule. They were supported by the Meichi government in the early stage of research, by the Chosun government-general, and by their related organizations after Korea was coIonialized to carry out investigations on Korean antiquities, fine arts, architecture, anthropology, folklore, and so on. The objective for which they prosecuted inquiries into Korean cultural relics, including Silla tumuli, may be attributed to the purport to find out such data as needed for the theoretical foundation to justify their colonialization of Korea. Such a reason often showed locally biased or distorted views. Investigations and surveys had been incessantly carried out by those Japanese scholars who took a keen interest in Korean tumuli and excavated relics since 1886. 'Korea Architecture Survey Reports' conducted in 1904 by Sekino in Korea gives a brief introduction of the contents of Korean tumuli, including the Five Royal Mausoleums(五陵). And in 1906 Imanishi Ryu(今西龍) launched for the first time an excavation survey on Buksan Tumulus(北山古墳) in Sogeumgangsan(小金剛山) and on 'Namchong(南塚)' in Hwangnam-dong, which greatly contributed to the foundation of a basic understanding of Wooden chamber tombs with stone mound(積石木槨墳) and stone chambers with tunnel entrance(橫穴式石室墳). The ground plan and cross section of stone chambers made in 1909 at his excavation survey of seokchimchong(石枕塚) by Yazui Seiyichi(谷井第一) who majored in architecture made a drawing in excavation surveys for the first time in Korea, in which numerical expressions are sharply distinguished from the previous sketched ones. And even in the following excavation surveys this kind of drawing continued. Imanishi and Yazui elucidated that wooden chambers with stone mound chronologically differs from the stone chambers with tunnel entrance on the basis of the results of surveys of the locational characteristics of Silla tumuli, the forms and size of tomb entrance, excavated relics, and so forth. The government-general put in force 'the Historic Spots and Relics Preservation Rules' and 'the Historic Spots Survey Council Regulations' in 1916, establishing 'Historic Spots Survey Council and Museum Conference. When museums initiated their activities, they exhibited those relics excavated from tumuli and conducted surveys of relics with the permission of the Chosun government-general. A gold crown tomb(金冠塚) was excavated and surveyed in 1921 and a seobong tomb(瑞鳳塚) in 1927. Concomitantly with this large size wooden chamber tombs with stone mound attracted strong public attention. Furthermore, a variety of surveys of spots throughout the country were carried out but publication of tumuli had not yet been realized. Recently some researchers's endeavors led to publish unpublished reports. However, the reason why reports of such significant tumuli as seobong tomb had not yet been published may be ascribed to the critical point in those days. The Gyeongju Tumuli Distribution Chart made by Nomori Ken(野守健) on the basis of the land register in the late 1920s seems of much significance in that it specifies the size and locations of 155 tumuli and shows the overall shape of tumuli groups within the city, as used in today's distribution chart. In the 1930s Arimitsu Kyoichi(有光敎一) and Saito Tadashi(齋藤忠) identified through excavation surveys of many wooden chamber tombs with stone mound and stone chambers with tunnel entrance, that there were several forms of tombs in a tomb system. In particular, his excavation survey experience of those wooden chamber tombs with stone mound which were exposed in complicated and overlapped forms show features more developed than that of preceding excavation surveys and reports publication, and so on. The result of having reviewed the contents of many historic spots surveyed at that time. Therefore this reexamination is considered to be a significant project in arranging the history of archaeology in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.437-446
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• 1995

This study was carried out to estimate the Korean Pine stand structure such as coefficient of variation of mean DBH, number of trees and volume per ha by Weibull distribution for each age class from I to V, based on photo measurement and timber cursing in Kangwon National University Experimental Forests. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Coefficient of variation of mean DBH for each age class from I to V, which was obtained by converting DBH estimated from crown diameter by photo measurement into quadratic mean DBH, was estimated as 28.88%, 24.13%, 23.29%, 20.27%, and 18.79%, respectively. 2) Number of trees per ha of each age class by Weibull distribution was obtained as 2875, 2100, 1875, 800, and 325, respectively. 3) Volume per ha of each age class was estimated as $22.9m^3$, $66.8m^3$, $101.3m^3$, $209.6m^3$, and $266.8m^3$, respectively. 4) Therefore, aerial photographs will be helpful to estimate the stand structure effectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find out optimum fruiting node order, pinching node order, and harvesting time in hydroponics using coir substrates to produce high quality melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit. Three plants per coir slab (100 × 20 × 10 cm) were planted for each treatment. Yamazaki standard nutrient solutions for melon were supplied with 1.8, 2.0, and 2.3 dS·m^-1 at the early, middle (fruit enlargement step), and late growth stages, respectively. Two cultivars of 'PMR Dalgona' and 'Earl's Aibi' were used for fruiting node order and pinching node order experiments. Fruiting node treatments were conducted three replications (8-10 ^th, 11-13 ^th, and 14-15 ^th nodes) and pinching node treatments treated with three replications (18 ^th, 21 ^th, and 24 ^th nodes). Two cultivars of 'PMR Dalgona' and 'Earl's Crown' were used for fruit harvesting time experiment and treated with in four replications (45, 50, 55, and 60 days after fruiting). In growth characteristics, the leaf width and leaf area of 'PMR Dalgona' were the greatest 28.2 cm and 10,845 ㎠. Respectively, 11-13 ^th fruiting nodes or more. The node length of 'Earl's Aibi' was the longest by 147.6 cm at 11-13 ^th fruiting nodes. For fruit quality characteristics, the fruit weight of 'Earl's Aibi' at 11-13 ^th fruiting node fruiting was the greatest by 2.0 kg. The soluble solids content (SSC) of 'PMR Dalgona' was the highest by 14.5 °Brix at 8-10 ^th nodes in fruiting node orders and 14.5 °Brix at the 24 ^th pinching node order, respectively with significant difference. The SSC tends to increase in the same for both cultivars of 'PMR Dalgona' and 'Earl's Aibi' as the position of fruiting node was lower. The SSC and fruit weight of melon harvested at 55-60 days after fruiting was the best. From the results of this study, most of SSC tends to increase in the lower position of fruiting node order and the higher pinching node order, whereas the fruit weight shows a tendency of increasing with higher fruiting node. In addition, the SSC of fruit increased as the number of days after fruiting increased, and further research is needed for more various cultivars. In melon hydroponics using coir substrates, it is needed to figure out the characteristics of each cultivar to determine optimum fruiting node order, pinching node order, and fruit harvest time.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.509-547
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• 2019

The cocoon breeding related national ritual ceremony exercised from the beginning time of Joseon is the 'clothing culture' that has taken its role in the ritual ceremony where it demonstrates the resolution of a state that placed importance in 'things to wear'. During the reign of King Seongjong, it enhanced the level of importance by adding the 'procedure to pick up the mulberry leaved by the queen personally'. During the reign of King Youngjo, the implication of the ritual ceremony was even more expanded that there was an new emergence of new type of national ceremony for the Joseon Era with its first ritual ceremony for woman to personally administer the memorial ceremony to the 'woman divinity' in addition to the 'Jakheonrye' procedure to personally present by the queen for the cocoon breeding. This is intended to meet the status of chingyeonguirye (farming-friendly ceremony) with King Youngjo to personally cultivate the dry field after administering Seonnongje (good harvest paying ceremony) that it is conspicuously demonstrating the importance of farming and cocoon breeding activities. As a result, the Chinjam (a type of ceremony that queen personally breeds cocoon for fabrics) related ceremonial rite that was rearranged during the reign of King Youngjo was settled into 11 ceremonial rites with the expansion of its contents. It ranges from the procedure to leave the palace for carrying out the ritual ceremony to the procedure for the crown princess and Hyebin-gung to accompany the queen, ritual for the queen to devote the Jakheonrye to exercise Chinjam, the ritual for the king to announce his royal message, johyeonui (morning assembly) exercised after completing Chinjam, it is the ritual for the queen to receive the box that contained the cocoon. This type of ritual ceremony is a significant expansion when compared with the exercise carried out earlier and it is part of characteristics displayed for ritual overhaul trend in the reign of King Youngjo. In the main procedures of these ceremonial rites, the music is accompanied and the music includes folk music, inspiration and so forth. The Chinjam related ritual ceremony in the reign of King Youngjo was established in the direction to establish it as the ritual ceremony for a woman who had the divine role of the seonjamje ritual to administer the ritual in a way of having the justification and reality to be consistent.