• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.3866-3873
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 경제시계열 데이타중에 하나인 환율데이타(Yen/Dollar)의 장기기억성과 정답율을 조사했다. 통상 단기 기억성을 가진 대표적 모델 AR 모델로 부터 생성되는 시계열에는 두종류의 프랙탈차원이 존재하는 경우가 많다. 두차원으로 분리되는 샘플 간격을 $k^{crossover}$라고 한다면, 통계모델에서K < $k^{crossover}$일때의 프랙탈차원을 $D_1$, K > $k^{crossover}$일때의 프랙차원을 $D_2$라고 한다면 $ D_1이면서 $D_2\cong2$ 인 관계를 가진다. 그러나 일본경제평균등 실제의 시계열에서는 이것에 반대되는 결과가 나타났다. 그 한 예로써 환율데이타에서는 $D_1>D_2$라는 관계를 가진다는 것을 알았다. 이것은 데이타 사이의 시간 간격이 멀어지는데 오히려 상관은 강해지는 현상을 나타내는 것이다. 환율 시계열을 뉴럴네트워크를 이용해서 예측한 결과, 예측오차로부터 얻어진 지수(指數) $\beta$와 D가 프랙탈성질을 가진 비선형 모델로 부터 구한 관계식 $\beta$=2-2D을 정확히 만족 시키는 것을 확인했다. 그리고 프랙탈차원의 차이가 정답율에서도 나타남을 확인했다.

• Architectural research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

The effect of rebirthing technique on the genetic algorithm (GA)-based size optimization is investigated. The GA mimics the principles of nature and it can gradually improve structural design through biological operations such as fitness, selection, crossover and mutation. However, premature optimum has been often detected in the generic GA with continuous design variable. Since then, the so-called rebirthing technique has been proposed to avoid this problem. However, the performance of the rebirthing technique has not been reported. Therefore, the size optimizations of spatial structures are tackled to investigate the performance of the rebirthing technique on the generic GA. From numerical results, it is well proved that the rebirthing technique is very effective to produce the optimum values regardless of the values of parameters used in the GA operations.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.180-182
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• 2007

PEMFC의 상용화 진입에 있어서 걸림돌 중의 하나가 열화(degradation)에 의한 성능감소이다. PEMFC 고분자 막의 열화가 PEMFC 성능 감소에 많은 영향을 미친다. 고분자 막의 성능 감소 원인은 여러가지가 있지만 무가습/OCV조건에서 성능 감소가 잘 된다. 그 이유에 대해서는 OCV/무가습 조건에서 과산화수소나 라디칼이 많이 형성될 수 있다는 것과, OCV조건에서 사용되지 못하는 수소와 산소의 gas-crossover 가 많기 때문이라는 것 그리고 무가습 조건에서 수소와 산소의 분압이 높아 gas-crossover 가 유리하고 악의 건조에 따른 물리적인 영향 등등이 거론되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 같은 조건에서 Cell 운전온도가 막열화에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. OCV 여려 조건 에서 단위전지 실험을 한 후 I-V, 수소 투과도, 임피던스, FER(fluoride emission rate)등을 측정해 그 결과를 검토 분석하였다. OCV/Anode 무가습 조건이 알려진 대로 막열화 가속조건 이었음을 확인하였고, 실험 결과 Cell 운전온도가 $10^{\circ}C$증가 할 때마다 FER(fluroide emission rate)이 즉 막 열화속도가 약 2배정도 증가함을 보였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2002

The electronic expansion valve (EEV) may be used to control the refrigerant flow rate for the multi-type heat pump. Stepping motor driven EEV may precisely control the refrigerant flow rate to meet each internal load requirement. To control the EEV, PI algorithm may be used. But the hysteresis of EEV deteriorates the performance of superheat control. To reduce the performance degradation, the PI algorithm along with the dither signal may be used. The dither signal, with about 10 times higher frequency than the system crossover frequency and about 10 times larger magnitude than the deadband of hysteresis, was selected for the superheat control of EEV. Experimental results showed the improvement of EEV control by adding the dither signal to the PI algorithm.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2010

The performance of the crossover system of a centrifugal compressor stage consisting of static components of $180^{\circ}$ U-bend, return channel vanes and exit ducting with a $90^{\circ}$ bend is investigated. This study is confined to the assessment of performance of the crossover system by varying the shape of the return channel vanes. For this purpose two different types of Return Channel Vanes (RCV1 and RCV2) were experimentally investigated. The performance of the crossover system is discussed in terms of total pressure loss coefficient, static pressure recovery coefficient and vane surface pressure distribution. The experimentation was carried out on a test setup in which static swirl vanes were used to simulate the flow at the exit of an actual centrifugal compressor impeller with a design flow coefficient of 0.053. The swirl vanes are connected to a mechanism with which the flow angle at the inlet of U-bend could be altered. The measurements were taken at five different operating conditions varying from 70% to 120% of design flow rate. On an overall assessment RCV1 is found to give better performance in comparison to RCV2 for different U-bend inlet flow angles. The performance of RCV2 was verified using numerical studies with the help of a CFD Code. Three dimensional sector models were used for simulating the flow through the crossover system. The turbulence was predicted with standard k-$\varepsilon$, 2-equation model. The iso-Mach contour plots on different planes and development of secondary flows were visualized through this study.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 1995

Pharmacolinetic profiles of omeprazole enteric coated granules including Ramezole$^\circledR$, Losec$^\circledR$, omeprazole-Na and omeprazole-resin salt were studied using the crossover design in rats and rabbits. The absorption variance of the preparations at the altered pH condition of the gastrointestinal tract was also studied. After oral administration of four omeprazole enteric coated pellets (10mg/kg) with and without concomitant administration NaHCO$_{3}$ (5 mg/ml, 60 mM) in the rats, the differences of absorplion rate and extent were evaluated. In the NaHCO$_{3}$, administration group, the T$_{max}$ appeared to be 2~10 times shorter than water administration group, and the $C_{max}$ also increased to about 4 times, and the AUC increased to about 2.5 times. Pharmacokinetic parameters of four omeprazole enteric coated pellets in rats showed no statistical significance (ANOVA, P>0.05) in both groups. In the crossover study, the second dosed drug showed 4~5 times increased bioavailability than first dosed drug, which shows the strong carry-over effect of acid secretion of the first dosed drug. The differences of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two test formulations (Losec$^\circledR$ and omeprazole-resin) showed no statistical significance.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

The FAS(Fluoroalkylsilane)/Nafion inorganic-organic composite electrolyte membrane was successfully fabricated through sol-gel method. The FAS having hydrophobic functional group and silanol ligands is impregnated in $Nafion^{(R)}$ membrane to reduce methanol crossover. The prepared FAS/Nafion inorganic-organic composite electrolyte membrane consist of the hydrophobic FAS-derived silicate nano-particles and $Nafion^{(R)}$ matrix showed decrease of methanol crossover and reduction of humidity dependence without large sacrifice of proton conductivity. The microstructural analysis of the composite membranes was performed using FESEM and FTIR. And the effect of the incorporation of the hydrophobic FAS-derived silicate nano-particles into $Nafion^{(R)}$ membrane was investigated via solvent uptake, membrane expansion rate, humidity dependency of proton conductivity and contact angle measurement.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2011

This study examines the effects of the ambient temperature (AT), methanol feeding temperature (MFT), methanol concentration (MC) and methanol flow rate (MFR) on the performance and cell temperature (CT) of a 5-stacked direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The AT, MFT, MC, and MFR are varied from $-10^{\circ}C$ to $+40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$, 0.5M to 3.0M and 11.7 mL $min^{-1}$ to 46.8 mL $min^{-1}$, respectively. The performance of the DMFC under various operating conditions is analyzed from the I-V polarization curve, and the methanol crossover is estimated by gas chromatography (GC). The performance of the DMFC improves significantly with increasing AT. The open circuit voltage (OCV) decreases with increasing MC due to the enhanced likelihood of methanol crossover. The cell performance is improved significantly when the MFR is increased from 11.7 mL $min^{-1}$ to 28.08 mL $min^{-1}$. The change in cell performance is marginal with further increases in MFR. The CT increases significantly with increasing AT. The effect of the MFT and MFR is moderate, and the effect of MC is marginal on the CT of the DMFC.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권12C호
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• pp.1215-1227
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• 2002

본 논문은 최단 경로 라우팅 문제의 해결을 위한 새로운 방식의 유전자 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm)을 제안한다. 이를 위해 가변길이(variable-length) 염색체(chromosome) 구조와 그에 따른 유전자 부호화(genes coding) 기법을 설계하고, 부분 염색체(partial-chromosome)를 교환하는데 있어서 교차점(crossing-site)에 의존성이 없는 교배(crossover) 기법과 개체군(population)의 다양성(diversity)을 유지하는 돌연변이(mutation) 기법을 개발한다. 또한, 모든 부적합(infeasible) 염색체를 간단하게 치료할 수 있는 복구 함수(repair function)를 제안한다. 제안 교배 기법과 돌연변이 기법의 상호 동작은 제안 알고리즘이 개체군의 다양성을 유지하면서 해-표면(solution-surface)을 효과적으로 탐색할 수 있도록 하여 해의 최적성(optimality) 및 수렴(convergence) 속도의 향상을 도모한다. 제안 알고리즘에 의해 계산된 경로의 최적성은 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하는 기존의 알고리즘보다 우수하고, 수렴 속도도 빠르다는 것을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인한다. 이 결과는 대부분의 출발지와 도착지 쌍에 대해 기존의 유전자 알고리즘 기반의 최단 경로 라우팅 알고리즘에 비해 네트워크 토폴로지에 비교적 덜 민감한 것으로 나타난다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2014

In this paper, we suggest tree-structure-aware GP (Genetic Programming) operators that heed tree distributions in structure space and their possible structural difficulties. The main idea of the proposed GP operators is to place the generated offspring of crossover and/or mutation in a specified region of tree structure space insofar as possible by biasing the tree structures of the altered subtrees, taking into account the observation that most solutions are found in that region. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experiments on the binomial-3 regression, multiplexor and even parity problems are performed. The results show that the results using the proposed tree-structure-aware operators are superior to the results of standard GP for all three test problems in both success rate and number of evaluations.