• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.6 s.336
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• pp.17-22
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• 2005

Organic-inorganic hybrid type thin films are the next generation candidates as low-k materials. SiOC films are analyzed the bonding structure by the red and blue chemical shift using the fourier transform infraredspectra. Conventional chemical shift of organic chemistry is a red shift, but hybrid type SiOC films were observed the red and blue shift. The chemical shift originates from the interaction between the C-H bond and high electronegative atoms, and the blue shift in SiOC films is caused by the porosity due to the increase of the electron rich group such as much methyl radicals. The bonding structures of SiOC films are also divided into the Si-O-C cross-link structure and the Si-O-C cage-link structure due to the chemical shifts. The Si-O-C cross-link structure progressed the adhesion attributed to the C-H bond elongation in the reason of the red shift, and the dielectric constant also decreases.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.517-520
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• 2004

Organosilicate films are promising porous low-dielectric materials, which can replace the silicon dioxide films. It was researched that organosilicate films have two different chemical shifts according to the increase of the flow rate ratio. There are the red shift due to the electron deficient substitution group, and the blue shift of the electron rich substitution group. Among these chemical shifts, the blue shift from $1000 cm^{-1}$ to $1250 cm^{-1}$ was related with the formation of pores. The methyl radicals of the electron-rich substitution group terminate easily the Si-O-Si cross-link, and the Si-O-C cage-link near $1057 cm^{-1}$ is originated from the cross-link breakdown due to much methyl radicals.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.4 no.3 s.12
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• pp.5-9
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• 2005

The bonding structure of organic materials such as fluorinated amorphous carbon films was classified into two types due to the chemical shifts. The electrical properties of fluorinated amorphous carbon films also showed very different effect of two types notwithstanding a very little difference. Fluorinated amorphous carbon films with the cross-link break-age structure existed large leakage current resulting from effect of the electron tunneling. Increasing the cation due to the electron-deficient group increased the barrier height of the films with the cross-link amorphous structure, therefore the electric characteristic of the final materials with low dielectric constant was also improved. The lowest dielectric constant is 2.3 at the sample with the cross-link amorphous structure.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.653-667
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• 2019

Using cross-ties to connect cables together when forming a cable network is regarded as an efficient method of mitigating cable vibrations. Cross-ties have been extended and fixed on bridge decks or towers in some engineering applications. However, the dynamics of this kind of system need to be further studied, and the effects of extending cross-links to bridge decks/towers on the modal response of the system should be assessed in detail. In this paper, a system of two cables connected by an inter-supported cross-link with another lower cross-link extended to the ground is proposed and analyzed. The characteristic equation of the system is derived, and some limiting solutions in closed form of the system are derived. Roots of cable system with special configurations are also discussed, attention being given to the case when the two cables are identical. A predictable mode behavior was found when the stiffness of inter-connection cross-link and the cross-link extended to the ground were the same. The vector of mode energy distribution and the degree of mode localization index are proposed so as to distinguish global and local modes. The change of mode behaviors is further discussed in the case when the two cables are not identical. Effects of cross-link stiffness, cross-link location, mass-tension ratio, cable length ratio and frequency ratio on $1^{st}$ mode frequency and mode shape are addressed.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.569-595
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• 2007

Particularly in wireless communications, link errors severely affect the quality of the services due to the high error probability and the specific error characteristics (burst errors) in the radio access part of the network. In this work, we show that thorough analysis and appropriate modeling of radio-link error behavior are essential to evaluate and optimize higher layer protocols and services. They are also the basis for finding network-aware cross-layer processing algorithms which are capable of exploiting the specific properties of the link error statistics, such as predictability. This document presents the analysis of the radio link errors based on measurements in live Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) radio access networks as well as new link error models originating from that analysis. It is shown that the knowledge of the specific link error characteristics leads to significant improvements in the quality of streamed video by applying the proposed novel network- and content-aware cross-layer scheduling algorithms. Although based on live UMTS network experience, many of the conclusions in this work are of general validity and are not limited to UMTS only.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1299-1302
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• 1999

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to demonstrate cross-linking of peptides induced by transglutaminase. The presence of ε-( Υ-glutamyl)lysine isopeptide cross-link in the acid hydrolysate of the cross-linking reaction mixture was also demonstrated by MALDI-TOF-MS without prior separation. MALDI-TOF-MS quickly provided peptide mass maps after pronase digestion of the cross-linked peptide adduct, which enabled us to monitor the hydrolytic sequence. Pronase appears to preferentially hydrolyze peptide bonds distant from the cross-link before hydrolyzing peptide bonds around the cross-link. The results suggest that pronase digestion followed by MALDI-TOF-MS could be used for determination of amino acid sequence around a modification site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2013

This paper proposes an automatic method for discovering cross-lingual links from English Wikipedia documents to Korean ones in order to increase connectivity among vast web resources. Compared to the existing methods roughly estimating link probability of phrases, candidate anchors are selected from English documents by using various information such as title lists and linking probability extracted from Wikipedia dumps and the results of named-entity recognition, and the anchors are translated into Korean words, and then the most suitable Korean documents with the words are selected as cross-lingual links. The experimental results showed 0.375 of MAP.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.11a
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• pp.246-248
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• 1988

The electrical insulation characteristics of the Epoxy resin is generally depended upon the cross-Link. Therefore, when the Epoxy is cured the full cross-Link must be gotten to obtain the best electrical insulation property. This paper alms at examining the cure condition to get the best cross-link. The Epoxy used in this experiment is DGEBA, the curing materiel is MNA, and the accellator is tertiary amine. In this study, the best curing condition of cross-link is suggested by analysing the each Epoxy resin which is differenty cured according Lo the variable temperatures and curing times.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

In this paper, we present a cross-layer analysis of wireless TCP systems over correlated channels. The effects of error correlation on the behavior of link retransmission strategy and the end-to-end throughput of TCP layer are investigated. Based on the cross-layer analysis, an efficient refinement of link layer protocol is proposed by consciously utilizing the information of channel correlations, which leads to the performance improvement of wireless TCP systems.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2001

It goes to be serious with environmental pollution cause waste rubber. That is why there are lot of studies for efficient recycle. The purpose of this study is to improve the physical properties of EPDM powder by using De-link system. We changed on the size of waste rubber powder and De-link contents. we examined the physical, rheological, mechanical properties. And also examined cross-link state at various De-link. Also we carried out morphological studies after making the weather strip's feature by optical microscope.