• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2011

Common-path interferometers are widely used for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) because an arbitrary arm length can be chosen for the endoscopic imaging probe. However, the scheme suffers from the limited range of the sample position distance from the end of the imaging probe because the position between the reference reflector and the sample is limited by the optical path-length difference (OPD) to induce an interference signal. In this study, we developed a novel method for compensating the arbitrary sample position in common-path swept-source OCT by adding an extra Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the post-path of the interfered optical signal. Theoretical analysis and an experimental demonstration of imaging depth tuning for the flexible sample position of an endoscopic OCT image are discussed. After post-tuning of sample position distance, the positioning limitation between the reference reflector and the sample can be solved for various sample positions over a range of 26 mm for the cross-sectional images of a fish eye sample.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3741-3745
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• 2016

Background: This study was carried out to examine breast cancer risk and its fertility predictors in women aged ${\geq}35$. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 560 healthy women referred to health centers of Tabriz-Iran, 2013-2014. Five-year and lifetime risk of developing breast cancer were determined using the Gail model. General linear modeling was applied to determine breast cancer predictors. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 42.7 (SD: 7.7) years. Mean 5-year and lifetime risks of developing breast cancer were determined to be 0.6% (SD: 0.2%) and 8.9% (SD: 2.5%), respectively. Variables of family history of breast cancer, age, age at menarche, parity, age at first childbirth, breastfeeding history, frequency of breastfeeding, method of contraception, marital status and education were all found to be predictors of breast cancer risk. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, screening programs based on the Gail model should be implemented for Iranian people who have a high risk for breast cancer in order to facilitate early detection and better plan for possible malignancies.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the recognition on center-based child care health programs for parents with ill children. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with convenient sampling method was used and 136 parents were recruited from two university hospital outpatient departments and hospitalized wards, and they completed a structured questionnaire. Results: Majority (57.4%) of parents experienced a leaving work early or being absent from their work due to children's illness. Most dissatisfying factors in child care centers were child health management. Most of parents agreed on the need for a center-based child care health program, and wanted a better management of health care by health professionals in child care centers. Conclusion: These results support that there is a great demand for center-based child care health programs. These special programs are needed for reducing a child rearing burden for working mothers and overcoming the low birthrate in Korea. Health-care programs in child-care settings can help parents meet the health needs of their children while reducing absenteeism from work, thereby contributing to job stability. These results suggest discussions of the related policy with child care centers responsible and national health and educational authorities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to measure hospital nurses' perceived patient safety culture and their safety care activities, and to investigate the relationship between these two factors. Method: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The participants were 301 nurses working at 4 general hospitals, and data collection was done from June 22 to June 30, 2009 by self-administrated questionnaires. Results: With a possible score of 5 points, the average score for nurses' perceived patient safety culture was 3.34, and for their safety care activities, 4.25. There were perceived differences in patient safety culture and safety care activities according to age, position, length of work experience and number of patient safety education sessions attended. All sub-factors in patient safety culture had a positive relationship with safety care activities. Factors influencing nurses' safety care activities were number of patient safety education sessions attended, hospital environment, and supervisor/manager. These factors explained 58.2% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that patient safety education is very important to improve nurses' safety care activity. So nursing supervisors/ managers should develop strategies encourage patient safety education, and make nurses' working environment safer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relationship between nurses' characteristics and perception of seriousness of elder abuse. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used to describe the perception of elder abuse by 301 nurses. Data were collected by convenience sampling. The research instruments utilized in this study were 12 scenarios adapted by Yoo & Kim from the 13 senarios to measure the perception of elder abuse developed by Moon and Williams (1993), a seven item questionnaires related to elder abuse law, and a Semantic Differential Scaling to measure attitudes toward elderly people. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: The mean score for perceptions of elder abuse was 3.07. Among the types of abuse, sexual abuse was perceived as the most severe type of abuse followed by physical abuse, neglect, financial abuse, and emotional abuse in that order. Education, job position, experience of gerontological nursing course, and education on elder abuse, exposure to elder abuse information, and attitudes toward elders were significantly related to the perception of seriousness on elder abuse. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that provision of elder abuse education is needed for nurses, to enable them to identify elder abuse and address their legal and professional responsibilities.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.137-145
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• 2010

This paper is proposed non-contact plant growth measurement system using infrared sensor based on USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) technologies. The proposed system has used noncontact sensors to reduce any potential damage when it measures the growth of the plant. In this system, plant growth parameters such as diameter, cross-sectional area and thickening form are measured in real-time non-contact method. The measured data are transmitted to remote server by using sensor network technologies, stored and analyzed at the server, and the analyzed data are finally provided for users. In this paper, the proposed plant growth measurement system has been designed and implemented using non-contact infrared sensor based measurement methods and devices, and its performances have been verified by actual measurement experiments at the fields.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2018

The tropical forests in developing countries are faced with the problem of illegal exploitation of trees. However, dearth of empirical means of expressing the dimensions, structure, quality and quantity of a removed tree has imped conviction of offenders. This study aimed at developing a model that can effectively estimate individual tree basal area (BA) from stump diameter (Ds) for Tectona grandis stands in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria, for timber valuation in case of illegal felling. Thirty-six $25m{\times}25m$ temporary sample plots (TSPs) were laid randomly in six age strata; 26, 23, 22, 16, 14, and 12 years specifically. BA, Ds and diameter at breast height were measured in all living T. grandis trees within the 36 TSPs. Least square method was used to convert the counted stumps into harvested stem cross-sectional areas. Six basal area models were fitted and evaluated. The BA-Ds relationship was best described by power model which gave least values of Root mean square error (0.0048), prediction error sum of squares (0.0325) and Akaike information criterion (-15391) with a high adjusted coefficient of determination (0.921). This study revealed that basal area estimation was realistic even when the only information available was stump diameter. The power model was validated using independent data obtained from additional plots and was found to be appropriate for estimating the basal area of Tectona grandis stands in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-3
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• 2005

Superconducting $MgB_2$ fibers are in-situ grown by a diffusion method. The fibers are prepared by exposing B filaments to Mg vapor inside a folded Ta foil over a wide range of temperature and growth time. The materials are sealed inside a quartz tube by gas welding. The as - grown fibers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x - ray analysis. The fibers have a diameter of about $110{\mu}m$. Surface morphology of the fibers looks dependent on growth temperature and mixing ratio of Mg and B. Radial distribution of Mg ions into B is observed and analyzed over the cross - sectional area. Transport properties of the $MgB_2$ fibers are examined by a physical property measurement system. The $MgB_2$ fibers grown at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours show a superconducting transition at 39.8K with ${\Delta}T_c<$ 2.0 K. Resistance at room temperature $MgB_2$ is 3.745 $\Omega$ and residual resistivity ratio (RRR) is estimated as 4.723.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.396-404
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the level of quality of family life, parental locus of control, and parental sense of competence, and to elucidate factors that influence family quality of life in the mothers of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). Method: A convenient sample of mothers from 6 child psychiatric clinics was used in this cross-sectional survey design. Questionnaires used for data collection included the following scales: Family Quality of Life, Parental Locus of Control-Short Form Revised, Parental Sense of Competence. Results: The level of family quality of life was mid-range. A positive relationship was found between Family Quality of Life and the research variables. The significant predictors of family quality of life were parental locus of control, parental sense of competence, and duration of medication and these variables accounted for 21.8% of the variance in family quality of life. Conclusions: These results indicate that family quality of life is an important factor which health care provider should assess and evaluate for children with ADHD and their families. The results of this study suggest that family quality of life is an important link with parental sense of competence and parental locus of control.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2009

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types in late school-age children and to investigate the relation of anger and the anger-expression type to their eating disorders. Method: Two hundred fifty four children in elementary school were recruited from 14 to 25, April, 2008. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Result: Three anger-expression types in late school-age children were found; Anger-in/out, Anger-control, and Low anger-expression types. Children frequently using the anger-out/in type among the three types and with a higher trait anger reported higher eating disorders. Particularly trait anger and unhealthy anger expression type were linked to eating disorders. Conclusion: This study suggests that a specific anger management program needs to be developed for late school-age children with high trait anger and frequently using the anger out/in expression type and Anger-control type than low anger-expression types. Further research needs to be done with large samples and discussed in terms of the role of gender in eating disorders.