• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2022

Objectives: This study compared the nutritional intakes of early and late preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and at home. The dietary problems and the need for community care services for premature infants were further investigated. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study on 125 preterm infants and their parents (Early preterm n = 70, Late preterm n = 55). The data were collected by surveying the parents of preterm infants and from hospital medical records. Results: No significant differences were obtained between the early and late preterm infant groups when considering the proportion of feeding types in the NICU and at home. Early preterm infants were fed with a greater amount of additional calories at home and had more hours of tube feeding (P = 0.022). Most preterm infants had feeding problems. However, there was no significant difference between early and late preterm infants in the mental pain of parents, sleeping, feeding, and weaning problems at home. Many parents of preterm babies had no external support, and more than half the parents required community care to take care of their preterm babies. Conclusions: Regardless of the gestational age, most preterm infants have several problems with dietary intake. Our study indicates the need to establish community care services for preterm infants.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.413-421
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• 2022

Purpose: Perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can lead to biliary atresia (BA) in different entities. This study aimed to compare the clinical, hematological, biochemical, and histological features of infants with BA based on their CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) status at presentation. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between January 2019 and June 2020 at the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in Dhaka. Forty-three patients with BA were selected purposively and categorized into either the CMV IgM-positive or CMV IgM-negative BA group. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test and chi-square tests, while the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare continuous variables. For all statistical tests, a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-three (76.7%) of the cases were between 2 and 3 months of age on admission. The clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between the CMV IgM-positive and CMV IgM-negative BA groups. Most (50.0%) of the CMV IgM-positive cases had fibrosis stage F2, while 43.5% of the CMV IgM-negative cases had fibrosis stage F3, with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.391). Conclusion: Our data shows no significant distinction between CMV IgM-positive and CMV IgM-negative BA, suggesting that CMV does not contribute to BA pathogenesis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2022

This study investigated small and medium-sized hospital workers' knowledge of COVID-19, the infection-control-related fatigue and stress levels, and the factors that impacted their performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 137 hospital workers from four small and medium-sized hospitals in S and C cities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, analysis of variance(ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. Small and medium-sized hospital workers' knowledge of COVID-19 revealed a correct answer rate of 66%. An average of 3.00 points out of 4 for infection control performance and 3.32 and 3.17 points out of 5 for infection-control-related fatigue and stress, respectively, were found. The level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 significantly differed by age and marriage (p<0.05), while infection control performance significantly differed by age, marriage, and infection control education experience (p<0.05). Infection-control-related fatigue and stress differed depending on the COVID-19 control education experience, economic and social prejudice, and fear of discrimination. There were positive correlations between knowledge and infection control performance, and infection control performance and infection-control-related fatigue and stress (p<0.001). This study showed that the factors that affected small and medium-sized hospital workers' performance included knowledge of "environmental management," "difficulties due to new role requirements," "presence or absence of infection education experience," "job type," and "age." These results suggest that practical and detailed education programs should be systematically developed and implemented for effective infection control.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the opinions of Gyeongsangbuk-do residents on out-of-hours (OOH) pharmacies and to examine the operating experiences of pharmacists who are operating OOH pharmacies in other areas. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was carried out for 1,000 Gyeongbuk residents employing a questionnaire via online or face-to-face, and 82 pharmacists who currently operate OOH pharmacies employing a postal questionnaire. Out of eighty-two, 46 pharmacists replied (response rate 56.1%). Results: As for the necessity of introducing OOH pharmacies in Gyeongsangbuk-do, 84.9% answered more than necessary. 86.1% favored the local government support for OOH pharmacies. The necessity of OOH pharmacies was highly evaluated among participants who experienced to be unable to use medicines or services in out of service hours, regardless of their characteristics or health condition. County residents consistently put a positive opinion for the necessity of OOH pharmacies if they have elderly family member(s), while city residents had significant differences across subgroups depending on their conditions (family members, household economics, health status, etc.). Almost all (95.7%) pharmacist participants highly evaluated the necessity of OOH pharmacies and the majority of them (63.0%) felt satisfied. However, 60.9% of participants have ever considered closing their OOH pharmacy business due to private, business management and professional reasons. Conclusion: This study made suggestions to address anticipated issues for the Gyeongbuk-style OOH pharmacy model.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory processing factors that contribute to the temperament and character traits in early childhood. Methods : In this cross-sectional study, caregivers of typically developing children aged 3-6 years responded to the Sensory Profile and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Multiple regression analysis was performed with temperament and character traits as criterion variables and sensory processing quadrants as predictive variables. Results : Sensory sensitivity significantly predicted novelty seeking and cooperativeness. The high frequency of sensory sensitivity behavior was related to high novelty seeking and low cooperativeness. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that sensory sensitivity contributes to the novelty seeking temperament and cooperativeness character in early childhood.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2022

Purpose: Medication adherence in older adults with multimorbidity is critical for self-care. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the factors that influence medication adherence in older adults with multimorbidity. Methods: The patients were 116 adults 65 or older with three or more chronic diseases. The data were collected from December 2020 to April 2022 in outpatient clinics at a hospital in Daejeon. Results: The mean scores of depression, social support, and medication adherence were 16.18± 6.74 (of 30), 41.06± 6.56 (of 60), and 4.69± 1.85 (of 8) points, respectively. Patients with low adherence comprised the most with 75 patients (64.7%). Influencing factors on medication adherence were depression (β= -.35, p= .007) and family support among social support (β= .29, p= .006). Conclusion: Among older adults with multimorbidity, lower depression as well as higher family support, results in higher medication adherence. It is necessary to develop a practical strategy toward improving medication adherence, by sensitively managing the degree of depression, as well as strengthening family support.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between executive function and gait evaluations for the elderly, and validate the obstacle gait evaluation as a cognitive impairment test tool. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional design. 79 people aged 65 years or older were selected as subjects. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC) to evaluate overall cognitive function and the Trail Making Test (TMT) A, B to measure executive function were performed. The 4-meter walking speed test and the walking speed test while crossing over an obstacle were carried out to evaluate gait. The Spearman's correlation was used to measure the correlation between cognition and gait speed. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between the 4 m gait speed and executive function( TMT-A (p = .056), TMT-B (p = .115)). However, there was a significant correlation between the 4 m gait speed and MMSE-KC (r = .277, p < .05). There was also a significant correlation between walking speed while crossing over an obstacle and all tests (MMSE-KC (r = .382, p < .01). TMT-A (r = -.327, p < .01), TMT-B (r = -.283, p < .05)). CONCLUSION: It was found that the gait speed while crossing over an obstacle was correlated with all cognitive function tests. Therefore, we suggest the use of the gait speed test while crossing over an obstacle rather than the simple gait test to diagnose cognitive decline.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2022

Jeju is the largest island in Korea and one of its key tourist attractions. As the number of foreign tourists steadily increases, so does the number of injuries incurred there. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe and compare the characteristics of injuries suffered by foreign tourists versus those of domestic tourists. As a cross-sectional study of a retrospective medical record survey, the study was conducted with reference to the Jeju Injury Surveillance System from the 11-year period of January 2008 to December 2018. The following factors were investigated: demographic data, mechanism of injury, place of occurrence, activity when injured, patient outcome, and mortality. A total of 92,095 injured Jeju Island visitors was recorded during this time, a number that included 88,050 Koreans and 4,045 foreigners. The gender ratio showed similar patterns between the two groups and there were no significant age differences. In both groups, the most common mechanism of injury was collisions/cuts. Also, more foreigners experienced falls than Koreans. Regarding the location, Koreans had the most road accidents, while foreigners were most likely to be injured at outdoor locations, such as seas and rivers. Furthermore, more foreigners experienced severe injuries requiring hospitalization. Notably, this study showed the differences in injury between foreign and Korean tourists visiting Jeju Island and its findings lend support to targeted safety promotion programs.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.422-431
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• 2022

Purpose: At the beginning of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, physicians paid close attention to children with chronic diseases to prevent transmission or a severe course of infection. We aimed to measure the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels in children with chronic gastrointestinal and liver diseases to analyze the risk factors for infection and its interaction with their primary disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases (n=141) and in healthy children (n=48) between January and February 2021. Results: During the pandemic, 10 patients (7%) and 1 child (2%) had confirmed COVID-19 infection (p=0.2). The SARS-CoV-2 antibody test was positive in 36 patients (25.5%) and 11 children (22.9%) (p=0.7). SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity was found in 20.4%, 26.6%, 33.3%, and 33.3% of patients with chronic liver diseases, chronic gastrointestinal tract diseases, cystic fibrosis, and liver transplantation recipients, respectively (p>0.05, patients vs. healthy children). Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity were COVID-19-related symptoms (47.2% vs. 14.2%, p=0.00004) and close contact with SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-positive patients (69.4% vs. 9%, p<0.00001). The use, number, and type of immunosuppressants and primary diagnosis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity. The frequency of disease activation/flare was not significant in patients with (8.3%) or without (14.2%) antibody positivity (p=0.35). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children with chronic gastrointestinal and liver diseases are similar to that in healthy children. Close follow-up is important to understand the long-term effects of past COVID-19 infection in these children.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2022

The purpose of study was to examine the factors influencing fast food consumption in Korean adolescents. The analysis was conducted using cross sectional study data from the 16^th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2020. A total 54,948 middle and high school students participated in this study. The subjects in the analysis were 28,353 males and 26,595 females, 28,961 middle school and 25,987 high school students. In total, 56.6% Korean adolescents consumed fast food once or twice weekly and 25.4% consumed fast food more than three times weekly. Logistic regression analysis revealed that fast food consumption was significantly associated with dietary behavior such as lower breakfast intake (OR: 0.930, 95%CI: 0.891~0.970, p<0.001), higher soda drinks consumption (OR: 2.563, 95%CI: 2.452~2.678, p<0.001), and higher sweet drinks consumption (OR: 1.898, 95%CI: 1.818~1.982, p<0.001). For psychological and health behavior factors, fast food consumption was also significantly associated with higher perceived stress (OR: 1.239, 95%CI: 1.163-1.321, p<0.001), higher smoking (OR: 1.300, 95%CI: 1.164~1.453, p<0.001), higher drinking (OR: 1.193, 95%CI: 1.112~1.280, p<0.001), higher depression experience, higher loneliness experience, and lower subjective health, In conclusion, fast food consumption in Korean adolescents was associated with undesirable dietary habits and psychological and health behavior, suggesting that appropriate education programs are necessary to reduce such behavior.