• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.sup1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To determine the weight change trend among the adult Turkish population after 1 yr of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and factors associated with weight change. MATERIALS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 February and 6 March 2021 using an online questionnaire that included questions for sociodemographic variables, eating habits, stress level, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Those who weighed themselves 1-2 weeks before the pandemic was declared in Turkey and remembered their weight were invited to participate in the study. Trends in weight and body mass index (BMI) change were calculated. The variables associated with a 1% change in BMI were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The study was conducted with 1,630 adults (70.25% female) with a mean age of 32.09 (11.62) yrs. The trend of weight change was found to increase by an average of 1.15 ± 6.10 kg (female +0.72 ± 5.51, male +2.16 ± 7.22 kg) for the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of participants with a normal BMI (18.50-24.99 kg/m²) decreased to 51.91% from 55.75%. Consuming an "Increased amount of food compared to before the pandemic" was found to be the independent variable that had the strongest association with a 1% increase in BMI (β = 0.23 P < 0.001). The average change in the BMI was higher in older individuals than in those who were younger. A high stress level was associated with a decrease in BMI (β = -0.04 P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the factors associated with weight change after 1 yr of the pandemic in the Turkish population was reported for the first time. A high stress level and increased weight gain trend still occur in Turkey after 1 yr of the pandemic.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of the current study was to investigate the influences of conventional (CO) and deep litter (DE) systems on antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect antimicrobial resistance to E. coli in swine fecal samples in CO and DE systems located in western and northeastern Thailand. Individual rectal swab samples were taken only from healthy pigs. A total of 215 individual and healthy pigs were randomly selected for isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility test of E. coli by the disc diffusion method. The test panel included amoxicillin (AMX), colistin, doxycycline (DOX), enrofloxacin, gentamicin (GEN), kanamycin, neomycin (NEO), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Results: There were significant (p<0.05) lower resistance levels for GEN, NEO, and SXT in the DE farms compared to those in the CO farms. There was a lower number of antimicrobial resistance agents (p<0.001) in the DE farms compared to those in the CO farms. This result was consistent with those in western (p<0.01) and northeastern (p<0.01) Thailand. Overall, antibiograms of AMX-SXT and AMX-DOX-SXT were found in the CO (19.09% and 20.91%, respectively) and the DE (16.19% and 24.76%, respectively) farms. No antimicrobial resistance (5.71%) was found and AMX (13.33%) resistant pigs in the DE farms, whereas the pattern of AMX-GEN-SXT (6.36%) and AMX-DOX-GEN-SXT (11.82%) resistant pigs was found in the CO farms. Conclusion: The DE system for pig farming was superior to conventional pig farming by lowering the resistance level of fecal E. coli to GEN, NEO, and SXT, with decreasing the number of antimicrobial resistance agents and inducing a small proportion of pigs to be free from antimicrobial resistance.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.53-65
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to a comparison of physical fitness according to the body mass index (BMI) of Chinese college students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: According to the BMI, the research objects are divided into four types: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. This research took 26,976 college students who participated in Jiujiang College. It examines BMI, 50m, vital capacity, standing long jump, sitting forward bend, sit-up (female), pull-up (male), 800m (female), 1000m (male) which is to research the correlation between different BMI and other indicators. Results: The physical qualities of students with normal weight are significantly better than those with other BMI groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed that male BMI was positively correlated with vital capacity (r=0.07, p<0.01), 50m (r=0.15, p<0.01) and 1000m (r=0.14, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with standing long jump (r=-0.12, p<0.01), sitting forward bend (r=-0.06, p<0.01) and pull-up (r=-0.13, p<0.01); Female BMI was positively correlated with vital capacity (r=0.03, p<0.01), 50m (r=0.21, p<0.01) and 800m (r=0.18, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with standing long jump (r=-0.07, p<0.01), sitting forward bend (r=-0.11, p<0.01) and sit-up (r=-0.10, p<0.01). Conclusion: Overweight and underweight will affect the physical quality of college students. Students should keep their BMI within the normal range for their health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate health behavior changes in Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Data were obtained from the 15~16th (2019~2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Overall, the data of 112,251 students, 57,303 before the COVID pandemic and 54,948 during the pandemic, were included. The data were analyzed using rao-scott 𝝌²-test, t-test, ANCOVA and logistic regression analysis. Results: While sitting time for study decreased, sitting time for leisure increased in the 2020 group compared to the 2019 group. The 2020 group was more likely to skip breakfast and have a higher BMI than the 2019 group. The 2020 group was less likely to consume fruit and engage in moderate and vigorous physical activities than the 2019 group. The 2020 group was less likely to engage in CC, EC, and HTP current smoking and be exposed to secondhand smoke at home, school, and public places than the 2019 group. The 2020 group was more likely to be satisfied with sleep, but less likely to experience stress, depression, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts than the 2019 group. Conclusion: It is necessary to reduce sedentary time, encourage physical activities, manage smoking and drinking rates continuously, and establish a network system to prevent psychological loneliness and isolation for adolescents, which requires participation of experts from the community as a whole.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2022

Background: Recently, there have been various developments in medical service robots (MSRs). However, few studies have examined the perceptions of those who use it. The purpose of this study is to identify user perceptions of MSRs. Methods: We conducted a survey of 320 patients, doctors, and nurses. The contents of the survey were organized as follows: external appearances, perceptions, expected utilization, possible safety accidents, and awareness of their responsibilities. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance. Results: The most preferred appearance was the animal type, with a screen. The overall average score of positive questions was 3.64±0.98 of 5 points and that of negative questions was 3.24±0.99. Thus, the results revealed that the participants had positive perceptions of MSR. The overall average of all expected utilization was 4.05±0.84. The most expected utilization was to guide hospital facilities. The most worrisome accident was exposure to personal information. Moreover, participants thought that the overall responsibility of the robot user (hospital) was greater than that of the robot manufacturer in the case of safety accidents. Conclusion: The perceptions of MSRs used in hospital wards were positive, and the overall expected utilization was high. It is necessary to recognize safety accidents for such robots, and sufficient attention is required when developing and manufacturing robots.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2022

Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study quantitatively analysed the associations between open communication regarding sexuality and sexual health, comprehensive HIV knowledge, and non-stigmatising attitudes in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The analysis included unmarried men and women aged 15-25 years old. Comprehensive HIV knowledge and a stigmatising attitude were defined according to the IDHS 2017. Open communication about sexuality and sexual health was defined as the number of people with whom participants could openly discuss these topics in their direct network of friends, family, and service providers, with a scale ranging from 0 to a maximum of 7. Primary analysis used binomial logistic regression with weighting adjustments. Results: The final analysis included 22 864 respondents. Twenty-two percent of youth had no one in their direct network with whom to openly discuss sexual matters, only 14.1% had comprehensive HIV knowledge, and 85.9% showed stigmatising attitudes. Youth mostly discussed sex with their friends (55.2%), and were less likely to discuss it with family members, showing a predominant pattern of peer-to-peer communication. Multivariate analysis showed that having a larger network for communication about sexuality and sexual health was associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes. Conclusions: Having more opportunities for open sex communication in one's direct social network is associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.375-386
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to summarize current clinical study trends and results regarding transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment for xerostomia. Methods: Studies published from 2017 to 2022 were searched on domestic databases and PubMed. The included studies were analyzed according to the year, language, study design, diagnosis xerostomia method, and TENS treatment method. Results: Nine studies were included. There were three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), three case series, one case report, one case-control study, and one cross-sectional study. Conventional TENS was used in seven studies, and acupuncture-like TENS (ALTENS) was used in one study. The most common TENS attachment site was externally on the skin overlying the parotid gland region, and the setting of TENS was 50 Hz-250 μs the most. In all nine studies, TENS was effective for xerostomia as assessed by salivary flow rate or quality of life questionnaire. Additionally, no persistent adverse events were reported after TENS treatment. Conclusions: TENS treatment for xerostomia can be considered effective and safe, so it can be used in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2022

Purpose : This study investigated coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) related stress, resilience, and organizational commitment, and determined the factors influencing nurses' organizational commitment at an infectious disease hospital of COVID-19. Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with 138 nurses. Data analysis, including descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analysis, were performed using SPSS 26.0 program. Results : Factors influencing organizational commitment included resilience (𝛽=0.31, p<.001), position (𝛽=0.31, p<.001), COVID-19 related stress (𝛽=-0.26, p<.001), and COVID-19 nursing period (𝛽=-0.19, p=.012). These variables explained 29.6% of the organizational commitment. Conclusion : In order to enhance the organizational commitment of nurses in infectious disease hospitals of COVID-19, active program development and intervention are required at the organizational level to improve nurses' resilience and relieve stress related to nursing infectious disease patients..

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

Purpose: Research on job crafting has thus far focused on how alter job demand and resources behaviors relate to employee task performance. However, job crafting behaviors do not necessarily have an impact only on task performance, but also on employees' contextual performance, a phenomenon that has little research in job crafting research. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of job crafting on task performance or contextual performance and the mediating effect of work engagement between them in the Chinese context. Research design, data and methodology: In order to achieve the above research goals and test the proposed hypotheses, we used a cross-sectional design and a self-administered questionnaire to collect quantitative data from September 8, 2021 to September 27, 2021 among knowledge workers in Shandong Province various financial companies and finally analyzed 211 questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and research model analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 Version and AMOS 27.0 Version to test the developed hypotheses. Results: The results are as follows; firstly, the study showed that job crafting of employees had a significant positive impact on task performance and contextual performance. Secondly, the higher job crafting of employees, the higher their work engagement. Thirdly, this study showed that work engagement of employees had a positive impact on task performance and contextual performance. Fourthly, we predicted and found that work engagement of employees had a positive mediating effect between job crafting and task performance and a positive mediating effect between job crafting and contextual performance. Overall, this study showed that the proactive job crafting behaviors of employees enhance their engagement for their work, which in turn improves task performance and contextual performance. Conclusions: This paper develops job crafting research by exploring the positive impact of job crafting on employees' task performance or contextual performance through their work engagement. It also proposes that both job crafting behaviors and work engagement are important approaches to improve employees' task performance or contextual performance. Practical implications for organizations, such as increasing employee' work engagement, as well as the limitations and suggestions are concluded for the future research directions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.471-480
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• 2021

Objectives: Cadmium is widely used, leading to extensive environmental and occupational exposure. Unlike other organs, for which the harmful and carcinogenic effects of cadmium have been established, the hepatotoxicity of cadmium remains unclear. Some studies detected correlations between cadmium exposure and hepatotoxicity, but others concluded that they were not associated. Thus, we investigated the relationship between cadmium and liver damage in the general population. Methods: In total, 11 838 adult participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2015 were included. Urinary cadmium levels and the following liver function parameters were measured: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between urinary cadmium concentrations and each liver function parameter after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, annual family income, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, physical activity, and body mass index. Results: The covariate-adjusted results of the linear regression analyses showed significant positive relationships between log-transformed urinary cadmium levels and each log-transformed liver function parameter, where beta±standard error of ALT, AST, GGT, TB, and ALP were 0.049±0.008 (p<0.001), 0.030±0.006 (p<0.001), 0.093±0.011 (p<0.001), 0.034±0.009 (p<0.001), and 0.040±0.005 (p<0.001), respectively. Logistic regression also revealed statistically significant results. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of elevated ALT, AST, GGT, TB, and ALP per unit increase in log-transformed urinary cadmium concentration were 1.360 (1.210 to 1.528), 1.307 (1.149 to 1.486), 1.520 (1.357 to 1.704), 1.201 (1.003 to 1.438), and 1.568 (1.277 to 1.926), respectively. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to cadmium showed positive associations with liver damage.