• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.433-459
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• 2015

This paper aims at a better understanding of the concept of korean separable syntactic atom, of which inner parts is separable in syntax, and at examining whether or not this concept can apply to derivatives, functional complex constructions, idiomatic expressions in korean. I defined a syntactic atom as a minimum unit which is drawn directly from lexicon and then is applied to syntactic rules. And I insist that so-called 'lexical island constraint' has some problems and that the syntactic rules can be applied to inner parts of syntactic atom, if the syntactic rules is irrelevant to new syntactic atom formation. The greater part of derivatives is non-separable syntactic atoms. But the likes of '반짝거리다', '죄송스럽다', '칭얼대다' are the separable syntactic atoms. The degree of separability of them is different in the insertion of korean particles or negative adverbs and the omission of root of sytactic atom. The derivatives of 'X-적', of which roots is regular nominal roots, permit the syntactic link between roots and the syntactic combination of the root and its argument. These kinds of derivatives is separable syntactic atoms. Also the derivatives of 'bracket paradox' and 'X-답-' derivatives is separable syntactic atoms. All functional complex constructions are not separable syntactic atoms. According to the degree of grammaticalization, inner parts of some are separable, some is non-separable. Separable functional complex constructions only permit the switching of endings or Josas but not application of other syntactic rules. All idiomatic expressions which are composed of two or more syntactic atoms are separable syntactic atoms. Some of them have so strong separability to allow the insertion of syntactic atom, adverb or adnominal modification and the noun in idiomatic expression to become the head of the relative clause. And some idiomatic expressions which have weak separability only permit interrogative's substitution or form change in fraction of idiomatic expressions.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.127-152
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• 2015

This thesis comparatively looks into folklore faiths, expecially child-birth gods related to child-birth customs and aims to find out both nations' faith in child-birth gods and their features. It looks into birth gods protecting delivering mothers and babies by appearing at the delivery sites at time of delivery and child-rearing gods intervening in growth of babies after they are born. In both nations, many gods are believed in for selection of babies, safe delivery and their healthy growth but those appearing at delivery sites are only birth goddesses called Samsinhalmony and Obugami. What make this phenomenon appear in both nations' folklore faiths? Seeing the reason in the fact that common negative concept regarding childbirth exists in both nations' established faiths, the writer comparatively analyzed various cases of delivery-related defilement in both nations' delivery customs. Its result showed that Japan is stronger in delivery-related defilement concept than Korea is. For instance, Japan regard child birth-related defilement more horrible than that related to funeral. Pursuantly, in Japan stricter regulations on childbirth rooms and stricter taboos for babies have been passed down. Besides, in the process of its comparative study on both nations' divine images and appearances, the writer paid attention to the fact that unlike Japan's mountain gods and restroom goddesses appearing at delivery sites, they don't get involved in childbirth in Korea and discussed Japan's theory of reincarnation and its mountain goddess' marginal nature working behind the curtain. I also discussed the phenomenon that both nations' childbirth gods are passed down as Three gods, which means that their faith in childbirth gods has to be seen as a result of the faith in childbirth gods interacting with the faith in Three gods or the Three-gods theory, accordingly I indicated that it is worth re-consideration to see the Three-God Theory as the core of the faith in Samsinhalmoni. Lastly, though in both nations' childbirth faith underlies their fear for divine beings, the faith in childbirth gods, strongly coupled with death heritages, is distributed throughout the nation, which is because Japan's childbirth gods intervening in birth and growth of a new life also actually involve themselves deeply in the sphere of death as well.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.33
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• pp.309-330
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• 2013

This paper explores the concept of pure language introduced in Walter Benjamin's "The Task of the Translator" and looks at various perspectives on this concept represented in theories of Paul De Man and Gilles Deleuze and a short story of Jorge Luis Borges. According to "The Task of the Translator," pure language is defined as a vessel of which fragments are the original and the translation. Just as fragments are part of a vessel, so the original and the translation are fragments of a greater language, which is pure language. On the other hand, De Man, from a deconstructive criticism, says that pure language does not exist except as a permanent disjunction, which inhabits all languages as such, and that any work is totally fragmented in relation to this pure language and every translation is totally fragmented in relation to the original. While De Man consider pure language incorporeal, Deleuzian interpretation regards it as a virtual object or differenciator in relation to which the two series of the original and the translation coexist and resonate. Finally in Borges's "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote" Menard attempt to translate Cervantes's Don Quixote identically in every detail. By showing a case in which the original and the translation are the same, Borges raises a question what would take place in relation to pure language if the original and the translation were identical. In Deleuze, identity and resemblance are the result of a differenciator, but in Borges, identity is a differenciator which produces differences. If we apply this logic to the last paragraph of "The Task of the Translator," we can say the interlinear version of Scriptures, as the prototype or ideal of all translation, in the form of which the original and the translation must be one, is a differenciator, an endless difference-making machine.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.453-482
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• 2018

This study is about the French preposition de. This preposition is considered to have no meaning in the French language, and to have only the grammatical function in its use. This study begins with doubts about such views regarding this preposition. We organize and classify general descriptions of the uses of this preposition. The uses are classified as 'expressing starting point,' 'giving characteristics' and 'performing grammatical functions' and this data is analyzed in terms of the associated cognitive grammar. In the case of expressing the starting point, it is assumed that the trajector moves from the starting point, to the destination point, in the domain of space and in the domain of time. Therefore, it is noted in this case that the preposition de has a dynamic concept. On the other hand, it is significant to understand that the preposition of the 'giving characteristics' defines an outline of a particular class by giving the class's characteristics. The preposition de has a static concept in this case. For the preposition de which introduces the infinitive, all of these dynamic and static concepts are faded and extremely grammaticalized.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

ISO 15118 is an international standard that defines communication between electric vehicles and electric vehicle chargers. Plug & Charge (PnC) was also defined as a technology to automatically authenticate users when using charging services. PnC indicates automatic authentication technology where all processes such as electric vehicle user authentication, charging and billing are automatically processed. According to the standard, certificates for chargers and CPSs (Certificate Provisioning Services) should be under the V2G (Vehicle to Grid) Root certificate. In Korea, the utility company operates its own PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), making it difficult to provide chargers under the V2G Root Certificate. Therefore, a method that can be authenticated is necessary even when you have different Root Certificates. This paper proposes to apply cross-certificate technology to PnC authentication. Automatic authentication of Cross Certification is to issue a cross-certificate of the Root CA and include it in the certificate chain to proceed with automatic authentication, even if you have different Root certificates. Applying cross-certificate technology enables verification of certificates under other Root certificates. In this paper, the PnC automatic authentication and cross certificate automatic authentication is implemented, so as to proceed with proof of concept proving that both methods are available. Define development requirements, certificate profiles, and user authentication sequences, and implement and execute them accordingly. This experiment confirms that two automatic authentication are practicable, especially the scalability of automatic authentication using cross-certificate PnC.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.28-43
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of professional self-concept and interpersonal relations on nursing competence of clinical nurses. This study was conducted as a descriptive cross sectional survey with 182 nurses who work at a tertiary hospital which has over 1,000 beds, located in Gyeounggi - do. The data was collected from October 11th, 2016 to October 28th, 2016. The main findings of this study were as follows. The mean score for professional self-concept was $2.65{\pm}0.29$ points in the range of 1 point to 4 points. And interpersonal relations was an average of $3.55{\pm}0.35$ points in the range of 1 point to 5 points. Nursing competence was an average of $2.65{\pm}0.39$ points in the range of 1 point to 4 points. Professional self-concept and interpersonal relations were positively correlated with nursing competence. Nursing competence was differed from clinical career(F=10.518, p<.001), working unit(F=4.139, p=.018), educational background(F=6.542, p=.002), and satisfaction on nursing(F=6.326, p<.001). The regression model with clinical career, working unit, educational background, satisfaction on nursing, 3 sub domain of professional self-concept(professional practice, satisfaction, communication), and interpersonal relation was statistically significant (F=31.94, p<.001). And this model could explain 51.5% of nursing competency(Adj R2=.515). Especially, professional practice(${\beta}=.532$, p<.001) of professional self-concept, interpersonal relations(${\beta}=.223$, p<.001), clinical career(${\beta}=.169$, p<.001), working unit: ICU (${\beta}=.169$, p<.05) were identified the factors influencing on nursing competence. Therefore, improving clinical nurses' nursing competence can be achieved with broad approach that includes improvements in professional self-concept and interpersonal relations. And also, working unit, and clinical career should be considered to develop the actual program for nursing competence, too.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1990

'What is nursing' this question could always be arised and such a question could bring forth the new possibility to definete the nursing concept more clearly. At the middle of 19th Centry, Mrs. Nightingale defined the concept of nursing as follows; 'Nursing is a kind of treatment act to aid the patient so that the health of patients may be recovered naturally, as keeping the most comfortable circumstances.' But after then, the role and function of nurses about purpose and method of nursing has continuously been studied, as the social circumstance has been changed. The fact that care provider and client have the same concept about nursing is very important at the first step of assessment. But at the present time, the care provider and client have not same concept yet, so the difference of unrsing concept between care provider and client is analyzed in this study. This study would be belived to be helpful for the advance of nursing in the future. In this study, 20 questionare from nursing objectives developed by Abdellah(basic care needs, sustenal care needs, remedial care needs and restorative care needs) are used for adult. The data of this study by the 6 point rating scale are analyzed by SAS as follows; 1. Respondent's view is that nursing is necessary in case of group(school or company) rather than private and in case of abnormal conditions rather than normal conditions. 2. Every questionares of nursing objectives are divided into 4 points of view such as basic care needs, sustenal care needs, remedial care needs and restorative care needs are examined. The evaluation by 6 point rating scale revealed that $5.08\pm0.65$ point in basic care needs $4.93\pm0.68$ point in sustenal care needs $4.91\pm0.80$ point in remedial care needs and $4.61\pm0.91$ point in restorative care needs. While basic care needs and substenal care needs that need more physical care show high points, remedial care needs and restorative care needs that need more psychological, social and spiritual care show low points. 3. It was checked whether there is any significant difference between above 4 point of views in nursing objectives and qeneral characteristics or not. As a result, there is significant difference between 4 point of view and ages, educational level, marriage, composition of children. And also there is significant difference between religion and basic care needs, remedial care needs and restorative care needs. But there is no significant difference between any point of view and sex, occupation, experience of admission and experience of family admission. As this study is based on the data gethered from a restricted area, the result can not represent the opinion of all the clients. Therefore the same kind of study should be carried out on many areas repeatedly and also it should be tried to extract objective concept. And also periodical study is needed to observe the changing process of nursing concept.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

The equalization algorithm based on the cross-information potential concept and Dirac-delta functions (CIPD) has outstanding ISI elimination performance even under impulsive noise environments. The main drawback of the CIPD algorithm is a heavy computational burden caused by the use of a block processing method for its weight update process. In this paper, for the purpose of reducing the computational complexity, a new method of the gradient calculation is proposed that can replace the double summation with a single summation for the weight update of the CIPD algorithm. In the simulation results, the proposed method produces the same gradient learning curves as the CIPD algorithm. Even under strong impulsive noise, the proposed method yields the same results while having significantly reduced computational complexity regardless of the number of block data, to which that of the e conventional algorithm is proportional.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1361-1371
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• 2015

Depending on the increase amongst various cloud services, the technology of the Cloud Service Broker (CSB) to find the most appropriate services to meet the needs of cloud service consumers has emerged. In order to advance for cloud services to be used through the CSB, it is important to ensure the quality level that meets the demands of consumers through a negotiation process based on the Service Level Agreement (SLA). However, quality metrics of cloud services are different from each other based on the measurement scale, which represents the quality level, and the calculation for each type of cloud services. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the variability of the quality of cloud services and establish a SLA model for ensuring and improving the level of quality. In this paper, we analyze the quality metrics for the specific type of cloud services by applying the cross-cutting concept and propose a Virtual SLA (VSLA) meta-model.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2811-2817
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• 2010

In this paper we propose the QAC-MAC that supports Quality of Service(QoS) and saves energy resources of the sensor node, and hence prolonging the lifetime of the sensor network with multiple sink nodes. Generally, the nodes nearest to the sink node often experience heavy congestion since all data is forwarded toward the sink through those nodes. So this critically effects on the delay-constraint data traffics. QAC-MAC uses a hybrid mechanism that adapts scheduled scheme for medium access and scheduling and unscheduled scheme based on TDMA for no data collision transmission. Generally speaking, characteristics of the real-time traffic with higher priority tends to be bursty and has same destination. QAC-MAC adapts cross-layer concept to rearrange the data transmission order in each sensor node's queue, saves energy consumption by allowing few nodes in data transmission, and prolongs the network lifetime.