• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.327-334
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• 2003

We have investigated the quench behavior of the series connection of resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) components based on YBCO films. Equal shunt resistors $R_s$ across individual SFCL components successfully produced simultaneous Quenches for 5 components in series, resulting in equal application of voltage to all components. If the two components having the highest and the lowest critical currents ($I_c$) quench safely, others quench altogether The highest shunt resistance is to guarantee the safe quenches of all components, leading to the equal voltage applications within the first half cycle after a fault in the short circuit test. The highest $R_s$ was found to be 28 ［$\Omega$］ for the components in the given quench environment. Considering the safe quenches and protection coordination, the optimal $R_s$ was suggested to be approximately a half of the highest $R_s$,, allowing wide selection of $R_s$ and $I_c$'s. This design provides a practical wav of connecting small SFCL components in series for high voltage application.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-12
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• 2010

A lamination system using reflow soldering was developed to enhance the mechanical properties of high temperature superconductor (HTS) tape. The laminated coated conductor tape was fabricated using the continuous lamination process. The mean, maximum, and minimum tensile loads in a T-peel test of the laminated coated conductor were 9.9 N, 12.5 N, and 7.6 N, respectively. The critical current ($I_c$) distributions of the non-laminated and laminated coated conductor were compared using anon-contact Hall probe method. The transport $I_c$ nearly matched the non-contact $I_c$; however, some degraded Ic regions were found on the length of 800 cm of laminated coated conductor. We confirmed that the cause of the partially degraded $I_c$ was due to an increase in line tension by (1) solidification induced by a change of composition that usually occurs in molten brass (Cu, Zn) in solder, or (2) non-homogeneity of the thickness of the coated conductor or metal tapes. We suggest that reflow soldering is a promising method for reinforced HTS tape if the controlling solder thickness and lamination guide are modified.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.415-423
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• 1996

Thin film technologies for fabricating SQUIDs involve etching and deposition procedures with the proper substrate materials and $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-d}$ (YBCO) as the high $T_c$ superconductor. YBCO were prepared on various substrates of MgO, $SrTiO_3$, and $LaAlO_3$ by using off-axis magnetron sputtering methods and annealing in-situ. The parameters of film fabrication processes had been optimized to yield good quality films in terms of the critical temperature $T_c$ and the critical current density $J_c$. The optimized processes yielded $T_C$>90K along with $J_c$>$10_6A$$extrm{cm}^2$ at 77K and>$2\times10_7A/Cm^2$ at 5K. We fabricated step-edge type dc-SQUIDs and directly coupled magnetometers, producing step edges on MgO(100) substrates by etching with Ar-ion beam, depositing YBCO material on them, then patterning them by using ion-milling technique. Circuitizing washer-shape SQUIDs to possess a pair of step-edge junctions of 2-5$\mu$ line width with a high angle>$50^{\circ}C$ , we examined their I-V characteristics thoroughly and Shapiro steps clearly as we irradiate microwaves of 8-20 GHz frequency.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.5-8
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• 2004

A low cost MOD processing using YBCO oxide powder as a starting precursor was employed for fabrication of YBCO thin films. YBCO oxide is advantageous over metal acetates or TFA salts which are popular starting precursors for conventional MOD-TFA process. YBCO thin films were prepared by oxide-precursor-based MOD process and annealing condition was optimized. The YBCO thin film annealed at 78$0^{\circ}C$ shows no transport $I_c$ and poor microstructure. However, the YBCO thin film annealed at higher temperature shows improvement in microstructure and current transport property. In order to improve critical current, YBCO thin film was prepared by double coating method. YBCO thin film prepared with double coating approach shows enhanced superconducting performance ($I_c$>100A/cm-w).

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

We fabricated $YBa_2Cu_33O_{7-x}$(YBCO) films on(00l) $LaAlO_3$ substrates prepared by metal organic deposition(MOD) method using trifluoroacetate(TFA) solution and evaluated the effects of the humidity on the microstructure, phase purity, and critical properties. The films calcined at $430^{\circ}C$ were fired at $775^{\circ}C$ at 0%, 4.2%, 12.1%, and 20.0% humidified As gas mixed with 0.1% $O_2$. We observed that the amount of $BaF_2$ phase was effectively reduced and that a sharp and strong biaxial texture formed under a humidified atmosphere, leading to increased critical properties. For the films fired at 0% humidity, the $T_c\;and\;I_c$ were undetectably small. When the humidity was increased to 4.2%, the corresponding $T_c$(onset) and $I_c$ were increased to 90.5 K and 8 A/cm-width, respectively. For the films at the humidity range of 12.1-20.0%, the $I_c$ was found to be 35 A/cm-width. According to the results of the XRD, pole-figure, and SEM, these improved critical properties are probably attributed to the formation of a purer YBCO phase, larger grain size, and stronger c-axis orientation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.26-27
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• 2006

The fundamental mechanical characteristics under tensile and bending deformations of hermetically-sealed reinforced Bi-2223 tape and CTOP processed Bi-2223 tape were examined at 77K. Also, the Tensile strain dependence of the critical current, $I_c$, was obtained at 77K and self-field. The reinforced hermetic tape showed higher tensile strength and a better Tensile strain tolerance than the CTOP processed tape. For bending tests, a rho-shaped sample holder was used giving multiple bending strains. in increasing order. In the same case under bending deformation, the hermetic tape showed a higher bending strain tolerance than the CTOP processed tape. This higher strength of the hermetic tape can be attributed to the thick hardened copper reinforcement layer.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1999

Textured bulk $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ superconductors samples were grown directionally using different precursors of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ power. and a mixture of $YBa_2Cu_3O_5, BaCuO_2 and CuO$ powder. The microstructures and superconducting properties of the samples were compared. The mixture powder produced better microstructures i.e. dense and crack-free so that a higher critical current density was achieved at the same hot-zone temperature of 115$0^{\circ}C$ than the reacted powder does. When the reacted powder used as a precursor, as the hot-zone temperature increased upto 1215$^{\circ}C$, the texture of the sample improved and the critical current density increased. The amount of melt in the sample is of secondary importance for the growth of superconducting $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ grains. The microstructures and superconductivity of good quality superconductors grown directionally were more strongly influenced by the kind of precursor rather than the amount og melt in a sample.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.12-14
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• 2006

YBCO coated conductors have been fabricated by the reel-to-reel processing using TFA-MOD method. In this work, the fluorine-free Y & Cu precursor solution was synthesized to shorten the calcining time by reducing the evolution of HF gas, thus the meter-long YBCO precursor films can be made within few hours by the continuous slot-die coating & calcination step using the F-free Y & Cu precursor solution. The annealing step was followed to make the YBCO films by the reel-to-reel method with the vertical gas flow system onto the moving tape. To increase the growth rate of the YBCO films by enhancing the removal of HF gas, the low total pressure was adopted in the annealing processing. And the water partial pressure and the oxygen partial pressure were varied to optimize the growth conditions of the MOD-YBCO films on the buffered metal tape. FE-SEM and XRD were used to investigate the surface morphologies and the texture of the meter-long YBCO films. The end-to-end critical current $(I_c)$ of 63A/cm-width and the critical current density $(J_c)$of $0.9MA/cm^2$ with the thickness of $0.7{\mu}m$ were obtained in the 0.42m long coated conductor.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

The total Fluorine content in the precursor solution for MOD processing of YBCO coated conductors can be significantly reduced by synthesizing precursor solution with F-free Y & Cu precursor and Barium trifluoroacetate(TFA). It was shown that crack-free and uniform precursor films were formed after calcinations in humidified oxygen atmosphere. Less than 2 hours are required to finish the calcinations process and XRD measurement shows that $BaF_2,\;CuO,\;Y_2O_3$ are major constituent of calcined precursor films. Film thickness after calcinations was improved to be 2.8um by applying slot-die coating method. In particular, addition of Samarium shows critical current of $I_c=273A/cm-w(J_c=3.8MA/cm^2)$. It is shown that uniform and fast processing route to YBCO coated conductor with high Ic can be provided by employing F-free Y & Cu precursor solution in MOD process.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2001-2003
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• 2005

Various organic acid were used in order to prepare new metalorganic deposition solution for high quality $REBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (RE=Y, Eu, Gd) films. Prepared fluorine free MO precursor solution was coated on single crystal (001) $LaAlO_3$ (LAO) by dip coating method. Processing parameters such as oxygen partial pressure, water vapor, ramping rate and pyrolysis temperature etc havebeen controlled in order to make high $J_c$ films with a good epitaxial relationship with substrate. 0.5 micron-thick film was obtained by single coating and no crack appeared after calcination. Oxygen partial pressure was varied in the range of $100{\sim}1,000 ppm$ and conversion heat treatment was carried out at the temperature of $725{\sim}765^{\circ}C$. A critical transition temperature $(T_{c0})$ of 90K and a critical transport current density $(J_c)$ of $>0.5MA/cm^2$ (77K and self-field) were demonstrated for the YBCO film on (001) oriented LAO substrates with a thickness of 0.5 micron. $I_c$ was determined by utilizing a transport measurement. SEM and XRD investigations confirmed that films were grown epitaxially onto the LAO single crystal substrate. It is thought that fluorine free new MOD solutionis promising for high quality REBCO films.