• 임상간호연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale as one of the falls risk assessment tools, and also to evaluate risk factors as predictors of falls in pediatric patient populations. Methods: In a retrospective, case-control design with data from the electronic medical records of 13 pediatric patients who fell and 1,941 who did not fall before matching and 429 who did not fall after matching by gender, age, diagnosis, and length of stay. Results: All the variables showed no significant differences after matching. At the cutoff score of 13, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were 92.3%, 37.1%, 99.9%, and 0.01%, respectively. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics was 0.597. The results from the logistic regression showed that the pediatric inpatient population who had higher risk scores was significantly associated with falls. The odds ratios ranged from 1.31 to 4.71 with 90% confidence interval. Conclusion: The saturation impairments criterion as one of the diagnostic parameter was negatively associated with falls, but the relative risk score was higher than the other criteria. Therefore, it seems that the diagnostic parameter seems to be required to verify results through large sample studies.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2008

Compression deformation behaviors at high temperature as a function of temperature and strain rate were investigated in the 6061 aluminum alloy, which is used for automobile wheel. Compression tests were carried out in the range of temperatures $300{\sim}475^{\circ}C$ and strain rate $10^{-3}{\sim}10^{-1}sec^{-1}$. By analyzing these results, strain rate sensitivity, deformation temperature sensitivity, the efficiency of power dissipation, Ziegler's instability criterion, etc were calculated, which were plastic deformation instability parameters as suggested by Ziegler, Malas, etc. Furthermore, deformation processing map was drawn by introducing dynamic materials model (DMM) and Ziegler's Continuum Criteria. This processing map was evaluated by relating the deformation instability conditions and the real microstructures. As a result, the optimum forging condition for the automobile wheel with the 6061 aluminum alloy was designed at temperature $450^{\circ}C$, strain rate $1.0{\times}10^{-1}sec^{-1}$. It was also confirmed by DEFORM finite element analysis tool with simulation process.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.761-777
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• 2021

This study presents a numerical investigation on the sensitivity of electromechanical (EM) impedance responses to inner damaged concrete of a prestressed anchorage zone. Firstly, the Ottosen yield criterion is selected to simulate the plasticity behavior of the concrete anchorage zone under the compressive loading. Secondly, several overloading cases are selected to analyze inner damage formations in the concrete of the anchorage zone. Using a finite element (FE) model of the anchorage zone, the relationship between applied forces and stresses is analyzed to illustrate inner plasticity regions in concrete induced by the overloading. Thirdly, EM impedance responses of surface-mounted PZT (lead-zirconate-titanate) sensors are numerically acquired before and after concrete damage occurrence in the anchorage zone. The variation of impedance responses is estimated using the RMSD (root-mean-square-deviation) damage metric to quantify the sensitivity of the signals to inner damaged concrete. Lastly, a novel PZT skin, which can measure impedance signatures in predetermined frequency ranges, is designed for the anchorage zone to sensitively monitor the EM impedance signals of the inner damaged concrete. The feasibility of the proposed method is numerically evaluated for a series of damage cases of the anchorage zone. The results reveal that the proposed impedance-based method is promising for monitoring inner damaged concrete in anchorage zones.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2006

Objectives : The study was conducted to investigate the effect of intelligence ability on attention using Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Methods : 56 children with ADHD (52 boys, 4 girls) and 41 children in normal (28 boys, 13 girls) were sampled, their age range was 7 to 15. They performed IQ test and ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS) in order to examine intelligence and attention. Participants were divided into normal group and ADHD group, average IQ level children and superior IQ level children. Then ADS variables (omission error, commission error, reaction time, reaction time deviation, response sensitivity, and response criterion) were analyzed. Results : There was no significant interaction effect between group (normal, ADHD) and intelligence (average, superior). But there was significant difference between normal group and ADHD group in omission error, commission error, reaction time deviation, and response sensitivity. Also average level IQ group had significantly showed more omission, greater reaction time deviation, and lower response sensitivity than superior level IQ group. Conclusion : ADHD group has attention deficit than normal group, and CPT is available tool to detect attention problems. These findings indicate that intelligence can contaminate inattention and cognitive impulsivity thus it compensates for attention deficit. And it suggests that intelligence effect is considered in analyzing CPT in ADHD children.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

"본 논문은 대한외과학회지 2006년 제70권제1호에 실렸던 논문으로 대한외과학회 편집위원회 승인을 득하고 본 협회지에 게재함. Purpose: Malnutrition has been frequently reported for patients on their admission to the hospital and it has been associated with an increase in morbidity, mortality and the length of the hospital stay. Although a number of screening tools have been developed to identify those patients at risk for malnutrition, there is no' gold standard' for defining malnutrition and the malnourished patients remain largely unrecognized. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a nutritional screening tool for use in Dankook University Hospital. Methods Nutritional evaluation was performed for 53 patients who were admitted to the department of surgery and internal medicine between October and December 2004. The screening tool was completed by the ward nurse and the nutritional support team nurse on the same patients within24 hours of admission. The nutritional support team nurse performed the full assessment. The screening sheet included 4 questions regarding body mass index, recent unintentional weight loss, food intake and disease severity. Each answer was scored and a total of 5 was tested as the criterion fey malnutrition. The full assessment included current body weight, recent weight loss, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm muscle circumference, serum albumin)in and total lymphocyte count. Malnutrition was defined by 3 or more values below the reference values. The reliability of the screening tool was assessed using kappa statistic. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated to evaluate the validity of the screening tool. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was drawn to choose a cutoff valve that maximizes sensitivity and specificity. Results' The level of agreement between the ward nurse and the NST nurse was good for BMI and food intake and moderate for weight loss and disease severity. The full assessment identified7 patients(13.2%) as malnourished. The screening sheet had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 80%. According to the ROC curve, a score of 5 points provided the best validity. Conclusion The nutritional screening tool is reliable when completed by different observers and it is valid for nutritional assessment.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to establish outcome validity for three instruments that assess whether subjects met recommendations for daily servings of fruits and vegetables for“Stage of Change”research. A convenience sample of 294 college students was recruited from introductory nutrition classes at Michigan State University in the United States. To measure servings of fruits and vegetables, separately, three types of methods (self-rated intake, 24-hour recall and food frequency) were used in comparison to the servings from a three-day food record, the criterion used. The outcome validity was assessed based on whether or not at least two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables were reported. Validity was assessed by sensitivity, to measure the ability to detect low intakes, and by specificity, to measure ability to detect adequate intakes. Cohen's kappa was used as well to examine the agreement between the three methods and a three-day food record. The results showed, for fruits, the 24-hour recall had the best agreement (recall 0.54, self-rated : 0.31, food frequency : 0.29) with a three-day food record for servings consumed by people in pre-action or post-action stages. Sensitivity for fruit was also best using a recall (0.81). For vegetables, however, all three methods had low agreement (food frequency : 0.27, recall : 0.21, self-rated : 0.17) with the results of the three-day food record. Self-rated intakes for vegetables had the best sensitivity (0.66) and the food frequency had the best specificity (0.73). Therefore, researcher can use the 24-hour recall method to identify people who consume inadequate servings of fruit. To detect adequate vegetable intake, the food frequency was best of the three methods. Accuracy may be improved by probing for vegetables in mixed dishes and on sandwiches. (J Community Nutrition 4(3)： 143∼150, 2002)

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the added value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to computed tomography (CT) for detecting pancreatic abnormality in patients with clinically suspected acute pancreatitis (AP). Materials and Methods: 203 patients who underwent abdomen CT and subsequent DWI to do a workup for epigastric pain were analyzed. Two blinded radiologists independently performed an interval reading based on CT image sets first, then based on combined CT and DWI image sets. The diagnostic criterion on DWI was the increased signal intensity in the pancreas to that of the spleen. For quantitative analysis, the third radiologist measured ADC value of the pancreas in each patient. Results: For AP (n = 43), the sensitivity for detecting pancreatic abnormality increased, from 42% to 70% for reader 1 (P < 0.05) and from 44% to 72% for reader 2 (P < 0.05). For borderline pancreatitis (n = 42), the sensitivity also increased, from 10% to 26% for reader 1 (P < 0.05) and from 7% to 29% for reader 2 (P < 0.05). The mean ADC values (unit, ${\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$) were significantly different among the three groups (for AP, $1.09{\pm}0.16$; for borderline pancreatitis, $1.28{\pm}0.2$; for control, $1.46{\pm}0.15$, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Sensitivity for detecting pancreatic abnormality increased significantly after adding DWI to CT in patients with clinically suspected AP.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 유아의 기질 및 성격 특성에 기여하는 감각처리 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 단면연구에서 만 3-6세 전형적 발달 유아의 양육자가 유아용 기질 및 성격검사와 감각프로 파일에 응답하였다. 기질 및 성격 특성의 각 준거 변인에 대하여 감각처리 사분 요인을 예언 변인으로 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 기질 특성인 자극추구와 성격 특성인 연대감에 대한 감각처리 사분 요인 모형이 유의미하였다. 감각처리 사분 요인 중 민감이 유의미하게 자극추구 기질과 연대감 성격을 예측하였다. 민감 관련 행동이 자주 나타날수록 아동의 자극추구는 높았고 연대감은 낮았다. 결론 : 본 연구는 유아 기질의 자극추구와 성격의 연대감이 감각처리와 관련됨을 확인하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2003

목적: 만성 무릎관절 통증환자에서 관절의 퇴행성 변화로 인하여 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ SPECT를 이용한 관절내 장애의 진단성능이 떨어지게 된다. 이 연구에서는 내측 구획의 섭취 증가가 관찰될 때 이를 내측 반월상연골 손상(MMI)과 퇴행성 변화(DC)로 감별 진단하기 위한 진단기준을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 3개월 이상의 만성 통증으로 무릎관절 SPECT를 시행하고 이후 관절경 검사를 통해 관절 병소의 확진을 받은 환자 중 SPECT 상 내측 구획에 섭취 증가를 보인 47명, 49예의 영상을 대상으로 하였다. SPECT 영상에서 내측 경골 고원부에 초승달 모양의 섭취가 관찰될 때 MMI로 진단하는 기준(진단기준 I), 초승달 모양 섭취 양상에 따라 전측, 중앙측, 후측 및 미만성으로 구분하고 이 중 중앙측, 후측, 미만성만을 MMI로 진단하는 기준(진단기준 II), 이에 더해 섭취의 정도를 등급화하여 내측 구획에서 대퇴골 부위보다 경골 고원부의 섭취가 더 높을 때만 MMI로 진단하는 기준(진단기준 III)의 세 가지 진단기준을 설정하고 이들의 진단성능을 비교하였다. 결과: MMI 진단의 예민도와 특이도가 진단기준 I에서 각각 93%, 14%, 진단기준 II에서 각각 89%, 38%, 진단기준 III에서 75%, 67%로 형태학적 기준과 섭취 정도에 의한 기준을 첨가할수록 진단성능이 향상되었다. 결론: 이 연구에서는 무릎관절 SPECT가 적용되는 실제 임상 적응증에 가까운 만성 무릎관절 통증에서, 퇴행성 변화와 관절 내 장애를 감별하는 향상된 진단기준을 제시하였다. 이를 통하여 선별검사로서 무릎관절 SPECT의 진단적 가치를 더욱 높일 것으로 기대된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1985

Fascioliasis in cattle is one of the most common and very serious trematode diseases in Korea. In the present study, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied in the diagnosis of fascioliasis using antigen of Fasciela hepatica, perokidase of conjugate anti-cattle Is G and orthophenylenediamine as a substrate by micro-method technique of Volley et at. (1976b) and MacLaren (1978) with a slight modification. Results obtained from the present study are as follows. 1. In assay for optimal dilution of stock antigen, the antigen (protein contents; 0. Bmgymz) was diluted from 1150 to 1/600 with carbonate buffer (pH 9.6), and then absorbance values were measured with 1/100 diluted sera. The regression equations between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of antigen were log Y: -0.181-0.00127X in infected sera, and log Y: -0.578-0. 000879X in normal sera. The significantly higher (p<0.05) OD value was observed in the former. 2. In assay for optimal dilution of sera, the sera were diluted from 1125 to 1/400 with in PBSJ Tween 20 (pH 7.4), and absorbance values were measured with 1/200 diluted antigen. The regression equation between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of sera were log Y: -0.1540-0.0007238X in infected sera and log Y: -0.4834-0.00116X in normal sera. The former was higher than the latter (p<0.05). 3. In the 27 cases of negative intradermal test, OD values of the ELISA are $0.447{\pm}0.144$, the 95% confidence interval (Mean+2 H SD) of the values was 0.735, and there was no case over the values. Therefore, the sensitivity of the antigen to diagnose fascioliasis was 100% in the negative case. The OD value 0.7 which is designed as a criterion (detection level of positive one) is useful for the performance of the ELISA in fascioliasis. 4. According to the OD value of criterion in the regression equations, the optimal dilutions of stock antigen and serum were 1/250 and 1/100, respectively. 5. In the 58 cases of fascioliasis from which the adult could be found in the bile ducts, the OD value was $0.846{\pm}0.224$. The 75% (44 cattle) among them had higher value with compared to the criterion, and the 60% (20 cattle) of the cases of proliferative cholangitis of 33 cattle which had been infected previousely with Fasciola sp. is higher than the criterion. 6. Prevalence of fascioliasis was 43.4% in the application of the ELISA to 272 cattle which were reared in Jeonbug district.