• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.641-645
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• 2003

Spermatogenesis, ultrastructure, and sperm morphology of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were investigated with TEM and SEM. C. gigas sperm were primitive consisting of a head midpiece and tail. Sperm size (head and midpiece) was about 1.78 ${\mu}m$. Sperm morphology was similar to a sharp of a small water jar with a rough surface. Sperm had both anterior nuclear fossa (anf) and posterior nuclear fossa (pnf). Acrosome forms had a hat-like shape. The axial rod was projected in front of the acrosome. C. gigas sperm had four large mitochondria in the midpiece.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 1995

한국 두 지역의 참굴(CRassostrea gigas Thunberg) 과 일본산 참굴, 그리고 한국산 바위굴(Crassostrea nippona Seki)의 유전적 근연관계를 조사하기 위하여 미토콘드리아 DNA 절편분석을 하였다. 참굴의 전체 미토콘드리아 DNA 크기는 세 지역 모두 약 18 kb 로서 동일하였으나 한국 동해산 바위굴의 경우는 약 22 kb 정도의 크기를 나타내었다. 여섯 개 염기쌍을 인식하는 8종류의 제한효소를 사용하여 분석한 결과 세 지역 참굴의 mtDNA에서 BamHI과 Bg1I 그리고 XhoI 절단시 동일한 DNA 절편이 나타나는 특징이 있었다. 종내 지역간 염기서열 치환율 (p) 은 남해안과 서해안산 참굴에서 2%로 가장 가까운 근연관계를 보였으며, 이들과 일본산 참굴 사이에는 5%의 p값을 보였다. 참굴과 바위굴, 두 종간에서는 약 42% 의 염기서열 치환율을 갖는 근연관계를 나타내었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2009

IMO (International Maritime Organization)와 한국은 2003년을 기점으로 하여 TBT의 사용을 전면 금지 하였다. 이 금지를 통하여 몇몇 나라에서는 해양환경(바닷물, 퇴적물, 굴)에서 TBT의 오염도가 차츰 감소되고 있는 것을 확인 하였다. 본 연구에서는 2003년 규제 이후 TBT의 오염도를 확인 하기 위하여 Crassostrea gigas(굴) 및 Tapes philippinarum(바지락)을 선택 하여 부틸주석화합물(butyltin compounds)의 농도를 측정하였다. Crassostrea gigas 및 Tapes philippinarum 가 생산되는 농장 및 주요 TBT 오염이 예상되는 지점에서 시료를 직접 채취하여 농도를 측정하였다. 각각 측정된 농도는 Crassostrea gigas의 경우 MBT, DBT와 TBT가 각각 N.D. -N.D., N.D. -N.D., N.D. -60.21 ng Sn $g^{-1}$ (wet wt)으로 측정 되었다. Tapes philippinarum의 경우 MBT, DBT와 TBT가 N.D. -12.27, N.D. -45.95, N.D.-7.30 ng Sn $g^{-1}$ (wet wt)로 각각 측정이 되었다. 본 연구에서는 TBT 오염도 감소를 확인 하기 위하여 1994년도에 측정된 동일 지역의 Crassostrea gigas의 부틸주석 화합물의 농도 대하여 비교조사를 해보았다. 조사결과 비교대상 7개 지점 샘플 중에 모든 샘플에서 TBT가 감소 추세를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 4개 지점 샘플은 butyltin compounds가 검출한계 이하로 측정이 되었다. Tapes philippinarum의 경우도 외국 연구자료와 비교하여 볼 때 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to verify the intersexuality of Crassostrea gigas and Ruditapes philippinarum in southern coastal waters of Korea. Methods : Specimens of Crassostrea gigas (n=363) were collected from six areas of Tongyeong, Geoje and Yeosu. Ruditapes philippinarum (n=221) was collected from five areas of Yeosu. The sex ratio and intersexuality were determined after observing gonad preparations. Results : The rate of intersexuality in Crassostrea gigas was 16.25%, with females (24.79%; n=30/121) exhibiting a higher rate than males (11.98%; n=29/242). The rate of intersexuality in Ruditapes philippinarum was 24.43%, with females (37.76%; n=37/98) exhibiting a higher rate than males (13.82%; n=17/123). Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that intersexuality is induced by aquatic pollutants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 1979

참굴의 성수기인 1978년 12월, 1979년 1월 및 2월에 걸쳐 주산지인 고성만과 돌산의 참굴과 그 참굴이 서식한 해수 및 이토 등을 시료로하여 세균의 오염도와 그 동정을 한 결과 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1. 생균수의 범위는 참굴, 이토, 해수에서 각각 $10^4$~$10^{6}$, $10^{5}$ ~$10^{6}$, $10^3$~$10^4$ 이었다. 2. 분리균 382균주 중에서 Vibrio속이 45.3%로 우점종을 이루었고, Pseudomonas속이 16.7%, Moraxella속이 11.5%, Flavobacterium-cytophaga속이 8.9%로 이들 4균속은 82.4% 나되어 참굴 및 그 서식한 해수 및 이토중에 중요한 세균 Flora 로 나타났다. 3. Vibrio속으로 동정된 173균주 중 참굴에서 56.3%, 이토에서 54.0%, 해수에서 25.8%로 해수 중의 분포도가 현저히 낮게 검출되었다. 4. Pseudomonas속 가운데에서 Pseudomonas I 균형은 해수에만 검출되었고 Pseudomonas III/IV 균형도 해수에서 많이 출현하였으며 그 외 균속은 큰 변동이 보이지 않았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data that could be used in the manufacture of two kinds of canned oyster Crassostrea gigas. The steamed oyster was prepared by shucking after boiling for 6 min at $105^{\circ}C$ and then washing and dewatering. The roasted oyster was prepared by baking steamed oyster at $140^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The manufacturing methods of canned seasoned boiled oyster and canned seasoned roasted oyster were as follows. The boiled or roasted oyster (50 g) was added to a can (RR-90) along with a mixture of seasoning sauce 40 and then seamed using a vacuum seamer under 20 cm Hg after pre-exhausting at $90^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The two kinds of canned oyster products produced under sterilization of Fo 12 min were tested for cultured bacteria, external appearance, proximate composition, pH, VBN (Volatile basic nitrogen), TBA (Thiobarbiuric aicd) value, amino-N, salinity, color value sensory evaluation, etc. Results showed that the canned seasoned roasted oyster had higher overall acceptability than the canned seasoned boiled oyster. The reason for this was judged to be that the process of roasting at $140^{\circ}C$ for 20 min influenced the sensory evaluation.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2009

In order to understand food sources-metabolism for the pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), the stable isotope ratios of carbon (${\delta}^{13}C$) and nitrogen (${\delta}^{15}N$) of its gut, gill, and muscle as well as potential food sources (particulate organic matter, sedimentary organic matter, benthic microalgae, seagrass detritus) were determined in Dongdae Bay. Average ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values reflect that oysters primarily fed on sedimentary organic matter as opposed to suspended organic matter during summer and winter seasons. However, the relatively enriched $^{15}N$ values of particulate organic matter (>$250{\mu}m$) and sedimentary organic matter in the summer may be due to the photosynthetic incorporation of $^{15}N$-enriched nitrogen (DIN) or the spawning events of bivalves. Specific oyster tissues (gut, gill, and muscle) revealed different metabolic pathways, which were determined through analysis of ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ in each organ. The present results suggest the determination of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to be a useful approach in ecological research related to the food sources- metabolism of Crassostrea gigas.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1980

참굴, Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg)은 한국연안에 널리 분포되어 있는 종으로서 옛 부터 남, 서해안에서 송지식 투석식등으로 양식 해 왔고 현재에는 대형뗏목 및 연승을 이용한 굴양식이 집약적으로 기업화되고 있다. 굴에 관해서는 분류, 생리, 생태 및 양식시험등 각 분야에 걸쳐 많은 연구결과들이 있다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2003

Sessile organisms such as the oyster Crassostrea gigas have been given much attention as a potential biomonitoring indicator to assess the impact of toxicants on aquatic organism. In this study, we exposed cells isolated from gill of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to hydrogen peroxide in vitro. In addition oysters were in vivo exposed to pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene at various concentrations for 2 weeks. Comet assay was used to detect DNA single strand breaks and to investigate the application of this technique as a tool for aquatic biomonitoring. Hydrogen peroxide increased DNA single strand break with increasing concentration after 30 minutes exposure in vitro. Pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene caused DNA damage only at very high concentration (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L or 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) at two week exposure in vivo. DNA damage was relatively higher at hemocyte than at gill. It suggested that metabolized PAHs are transferred to hemolymph from digestive gland which have a relatively high enzyme activity, and attacked the DNA of hemocyte, while gill accumulated PAHs without degrading them to their metabolites due to low enzyme activity at gill. Both in vitro and in vivo exposure experiments showed that the comet assay is an effective tool on screening whether the organism are exposed to genotoxic contaminants.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Oxygen isotope ratios (${\delta}^{18}O$) of three Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) specimens from the Neolithic Yeondae-do shell midden site, Tongyeong, Korea, were analyzed to determine the seasonality of shellfish gathering and site occupation. Oxygen isotope samples were taken from the left valve hinge sections of the specimens. Oxygen isotope values ranged between -0.1 ‰ and -2.4 ‰, between -0.2 ‰ and -2.9 ‰, and between 0.3 ‰ and -2.8 ‰ in oyster specimen #one, #two and #three, respectively. The isotope profiles showed seasonal temperature cycles, providing information related to the seasonality of shellfish gathering and site occupation. Hinge-edge oxygen isotope values of the specimens showed decreasing trends after passing through maximum values (winter), indicating that they formed during spring. Thus it can be assumed that during spring season, oysters were gathered and the site was occupied.