• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2007

This study aims at looking into the use of oriental medical services in treating disease and patient's attitude of oriental medicine by social classes. The first to be explored through this study is medical accessibility, classifying them by age, gender and job. Second is to examine kinds of oriental medical services and expenses incurred in treating the disease. Third is to compare satisfaction for the services offered and investigate into relations between disease and oriental medicine through cross-analysis by class, and provide fundamental materials for enhancing accessibility to oriental medical centers for treating chronic diseases. The 1,376 households for the period of time from Apr. to Jun. 2005, were asked to answer to the questionnaires offered. The conclusion from the survey can be summarized as follows. Medical services for the onset of disease were less offered to females, older group, low schooling, and low-income bracket. It is attributable to an economic cause, in both genders. The in- and outpatients' rate were found higher in groups of female, older age, low-income and blue-color workers. Use of oriental medical centers were higher in outpatients than inpatients probably for low-income brackets were less frequently put on regular physical checkups, more exposing to diseases. Each hospitalization was found over six days longer in average; 19.7 days for oriental medical hospitals, 12.5 for hospitals. The hospital charges that patients should pay for one hospitalization showed 909,000 won in oriental medical hospitals, much higher than 518,000 won in hospitals. Outpatients were also found to pay more for oriental medical services; 55,000 won for oriental medical hospitals, 19,000 for hospitals. As to outpatients' satisfaction, oriental medical hospitals were generally found to be a little more satisfactory than general hospitals; 11.2% of respondents answered Very Satisfactory. Satisfaction to services offered to outpatients showed 82.2% of respondents responded to Over Satisfactory for herb clinics, 76% for general hospitals. For future intention to use oriental medical services, females, over 51 years old, lower education and income, and blue color workers showed more intention to use them. To be more competitive in treating chronic diseases, it is necessary that oriental medical services become more accessible through extending its coverage of insurance into more medical herbs and their prepared packs, as well as mapping out extensive publicity strategies to make known to the public about high efficacy of medical herbs and their safety.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제35권
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• pp.362-393
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• 2006

이 논문의 목적은 제3자 효과 지각에 초점을 맞춰 효과의 강도에 영향을 미치는 변인으로서의 쟁점에 대한 관여도와 수용자와 지각대상자의 관계를 조사하여 이를 통해 제3자 효과 지각의 근본 과정을 이해하는 것이다. 이 연구에 사용된 자료는 미국 중서부의 오하오주에 거주하는 성인 남녀를 대상으로 2003년에 실시된 전화설문조사를 통해 얻어졌다(n=524). 대부분의 제3자 효과 연구에서와 마찬가지로 이 연구의 결과는 제3자 효과 가설을 지지했다. 응답자들은 미디어의 흡연자에 대한 부정적 묘사와 천주교 신부의 성추문 뉴스보도의 두 경우 모두에 있어 미디어의 효과가 자신들보다는 타인에게서 더 크게 나타날 것이라 예상했다. 그러나 제시된 5개의 연구 가설 모두가 지지되지는 않았다. 연구가설 검증 결과를 종합해 보면, 특정한 지각대상자와 메시지의 관계가 분명할 경우 수용자의 미디어 효과 예상은 동기적 요소보다는 인지적 요소에 의해 결정될 가능성이 크다. 이 경우 사회적 거리는 무시되고 쟁점에 대한 관여도와 같은 지각대상자 고유의 특성이 중요시 되며 수용자의 관여도는 인지적 요소에 의한 제3자 효과 지각의 강화와 긍정적인 상관관계를 가진다. 이 결과는, 수용자나 지각대상자가 메시지와 잠재적인 연관성을 지닐 경우, 제3자 효과 지각은 그러한 연관성이 어떠한 방식으로 현저화되는가에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 이 연구의 결과는 제3자 효과 지각이 프라이밍 효과 또는 틀 짓기 효과와 관련될 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권2_1호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2020

최근 기후변화와 4대강 살리기 사업으로 인위적으로 조성된 하천의 급속한 재퇴적 및 침식이 의심스러운 상황이다. 이에 따라 최근 하천법을 개정하여 하상변동조사를 정기적으로 실시해야 한다고 규정하였다. 하지만 하상 조사의 공간적 범위 및 밀도가 대폭 증가하고 조사 간격은 줄어드는 추세에 반해 기술적인 한계가 존재하여, 국가기관 등에서 하상 조사 효율화를 위해 혁신적인 하상조사 기술 개발에 관심을 보이고 있다. 하상 조사의 핵심은 다양한 하천 조건에서 하천의 수심을 측정하는 것에 있으며, 일반적인 지상의 지형측량에 비해 수중에서의 직접 조사는 상대적으로 많은 위험과 시간, 비용을 수반한다. 이에 전통적인 기술의 한계를 극복하고자, 해양 수심측량에 주로 활용되어 온 음향측심기(Echo-sounder)를 하천에 적용하였지만, 여러 기술적 한계로 여전히 광범위한 영역에 대한 주기적인 조사에 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 이에 원격탐사를 활용한 기법이 그 대안으로 각광받고 있으며, 특히 분광특성을 활용한 수심 측정의 가능성을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 분광특성 중 반사도를 활용하여 수심을 측정할 수 있는 기술을 개발하고 이를 검토하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 기법을 적용한 결과, 약 0.95 m이내에 해당하는 수심 범위에서 실제 측정된 수심과 0.986, 0.053 m에 해당하는 상관성과 오차를 나타냄을 확인하였다. 향후 본 연구를 드론에 탑재된 초분광 센서에 접목할 경우, 공간적인 수심 측정에 가능할 것으로 사료되며, 광범위한 영역의 주기적인 하상변동조사에 큰 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2013

A survey conducted on 1,103 patients or caretakers visited Korean medical clinics and hospitals between August 25, 2011 to September 30, 2011 by the Ministry of Health and Welfares and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs was analyzed and obtained following results: 1. For sociodemographic distribution, female(813) outnumbered male(290) patients with majority of patients ranging from 30s to 60s. Married patients(793) outnumbered unwed(150) patients and 65.0% with higher than high school education. Statistical significance was seen in gender, age, marital status, and education level but no significant difference for status of employment, income level, and types of insurance between the clinics and hospitals. (P<0.05). 45.1% had less than \2,000,000 in monthly salary and most of coverage was provided by either regional or work insurance. 2. 67.9% of the patients rated health conditions to be better than average and 32.1% listed as poor. People in good health showed tendency to visit Korean medical facilities. Musculo-skeletal conditions such as arthritis, ankle sprain, lumbago, muscular injury, and frozen shoulder were common conditions, followed by gastric disorders, common cold and herbal tonics. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals for above conditions, but significance was seen in atopic dermatitis, stroke, and sequela from traffic accidents (P<0.05). 3. Ten most common conditions addressed at Korean medical facilities were lumbago, arthritis, muscular injury, back sprain, gastric disorders, ankle sprain, common cold, herbal tonics, frozen shoulder and stroke. Major treatment modalities rendered were herbal medicine, herbal supplements, acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, tuina, and Korean midical physical therapy. No significant difference existed between the clinics and hospitals. 4. All modalities showed at least 85% effectiveness. No statistical significant difference between the clinics and hospitals except for herbal decoction. (P=0.0452) 5. 88.3% of responses showed treatment satisfaction with significant difference between the clinics and hospitals (P=0.002). The occurrence of side effects was at 2%, mostly corning from treating digestive, skin, kidney disorders and neurological issues. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals. From the above results, the typical population visiting Korean medical facilities can be summarized as being middle aged female with relatively higher education and moderately low income. The health condition is generally good and the purpose of visit is to receive traditional treatments of acupuncture, herbal medicine, and physical therapy. Treatment efficacy and satisfaction were high with no significant differences between the clinics and hospitals.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.199-211
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• 1995

The deep sea camera system could render it possible to obtain the detailed information of the nodule distribution, but difficult to estimate nodule abundance quantitatively. In order to estimate nodule abundance quantitatively from deep seabed photographs, the nodule abundance equation was derived from the box core data obtained in KODOS area(long.: $154^{\circ}{\sim}151^{\circ}W$, lat.: $9^{\circ}{\sim}12^{\circ}N$) during two survey cruises carried out in 1989 and 1990. The regression equation derived by considering extent of burial of nodule to Handa's equation compensates for the abundance error attributable to partial burial of some nodules by sediments. An average long axis and average extent of burial of nodules in photographed area are determined according to the surface textures of nodules, and nodule coverage is calculated by the image analysis method. Average nodule abundance estimated from seabed photographs by using the equation is approximately 92% of the actual average abundance in KODOS area. The measured sampling points by box core or free fall grab are in general very sparse and hence nodule abundance distribution should be interpolated and extrapolated from measured data to uncharacterized areas. The another goal of this study is to depict continuous distribution of nodule abundance in KODOS area by using PC-version of geostatistical model in which several stages are systematically proceeded. Geostatistics was used to analyse spatial structure and distribution of regionalized variable(nodule abundance) within sets of real data. In order to investigate the spatial structure of nodule abundance in KODOS area, experimental variograms were calculated and fitted to a spherical models in isotropy and anisotropy, respectively. The spherical structure models were used to map out distribution of the nodule abundance for isotropic and anisotropic models by using the kriging method. The result from anisotropic model is much more reliable than one of isotropic model. Distribution map of nodule abundance produced by PC-version of geostatistical model indicates that approximately 40% of KODOS area is considered to be promising area(nodule abundance > $5kg/m^2$) for mining in case of anisotropy.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

Purpose - The year 2016 marks 20 years since the opening of Korean distribution market in 1996. After this opening, the domestic market expanded and modernized, and has grown to become an advanced distribution market with a greater range of consumer choices. On the other hand, traditional markets have waned and their management has become worse. However, traditional markets do not have economic value alone. This study examines the effects of social value in traditional market such as the value of Cultural Tourism and the value of Sharing Community with Traditional Market on Satisfaction, Loyalty and Place Attachment of the residents. Research design, data and methodology - A questionnaire was organized for this study after a hypothesis was set based on theoretical background. Verification of the hypothesis was undertaken by statistically analyzing questionnaire responses. Personal interviews were performed for this study, and a total of 300 responses were collected, of which 228 responses (76%) were from women. The survey coverage was divided into 10 regions ranging from metropolitan areas to the provincial level, and the age groups were divided into 30s to 60s to ensure diversity of the area and age. Results - To summarize the study results, through verification of the hypothesis in terms of meaningful influence, it appears the values of Cultural Tourism to Satisfaction and Loyalty are supported. On the other hand, the value of Sharing Community is only supported for Satisfaction. It appears that Satisfaction to Loyalty and Loyalty to Place Attachment are meaningful effects. The mediator effect was also reconciled through satisfaction and loyalty. Loyalty was analyzed in terms of mediating the effect of satisfaction on place attachment. Conclusions - It is noted in this study that government support is required to preserve traditional markets and renewal program. Community requires multilateral communication and the formation of effective relationships. In contrast to the economic value emphasized by large retailers, the empirical analysis of the non-economic effects of traditional markets has presented the significance of socio-cultural values in traditional markets. In the future, socio-cultural values and economic values should be integrated into more empirical studies through mutual comparison. Investigating the increase and decrease of social value in traditional markets will help the future formulation in government policy.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.190-203
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• 2003

Background: Dental hygienists are at risk of acquiring infections through exposure to infectious agents. This study explores the frequency of exposure to infectious agents and infection control practices among dental hygienists. Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional survey to examine the exposure to infectious agents and infection control practices among dental hygienists through questionnaire. Data were obtained from 124 dental hygienists attending educational conferences. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors that effect infection control practices in relation to age, completion of infection control education, recognition of their own serum hepatitis Ag/Ab status, the number of one day patients, location of clinics, type of clinics, and career years. Result: Of the 124 dental hygienists, 91.7% were exposed to at least one accident such as needle stick injuries during their practices periods. The health screening coverage rate in dental hygienists was 16.5%. The number of one day patients and career years were important in relation to infection control practices among dental hygienists. The adjusted odds ratio estimates for career years were 5.049 times greater(95% Cl 1.238-20.597) for groups with over 4 career years than under 2 career years. That for the number of one day patients were 0.261(95% Cl 0.071-0.955) lower for through 20 up to 30 patients, 0.531(95% Cl 0.102-2.78) lower for through 30 up to 40 patients and 0.498(95% Cl 0.123-2.017) lower for more than 40 patients than under 20 patients. Conclusion: From these results, prevalence of infection control practices among dental hygienists is related to the number of one day patients and career years. Prevention of cross infection and reduction of future transmission should be a priority to dental hygienists for promotion of infection control and further efforts to educate newcomers on infection prevention should be made.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and to identify its related factors among urban-dwelling adults. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from 1,134 subjects aged $20\sim91$, who participated in 'Survey on the health status and demand for health' in two cities of Korea (Dong-gu, Gwangju and Suncheon-si, Jeollanamdo). The HRQOL was measured using the EQ-5D instrument and EQ-5D index scores were calculated by two Korean valuation study model using time trade-off method. Results: The mean EQ-5D index scores for all subjects were $0.865{\pm}0.218$ (model A), and $0.921{\pm}0.170$ (model B). The EQ-5D index score was significantly different according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, income, and health security system), self-rated health condition, health-related psychological assessments (enough sleep, fatigue rate, stress rate, and degree of satisfaction on the residence). The results of multiple linear regression showed that age, marital status, income, coverage of medical insurance, self-rated health condition, and fatigue rate were significantly related common statistical factors of HRQOL in two Korean valuation study model. Conclusion: Among the adults residing in urban environment, the HRQOL was significantly lower on the subjects with following conditions: higher age, being alone without a spouse as a result of death, divorce or separation, low income, medical aid program, poor self-rated health condition, and chronic fatigue. In order to improve the urban adults' quality of life, healthcare policy and health promotion program must be developed with considerations to factors related to the HRQOL.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1997

시화 방조제 건설 이후, 1994년 3월부터 1996년 8월까지 시화호의 저서 다모류의 종 조성 및 서식 밀도, 우점종의 시공간적 변화를 조사하였다. 1994년 3월, 6월, 9월 12월, 1995년 3월, 10월 그리고 1996년 2월, 8월에 총 8회에 걸쳐 입구면적 0.1 $m^2$인 반빈 채니기를 이용하여 크기 1 mm 이상인 저서동물을 채집하였다. 저서동물중 출현 종수의 59%와 서식 밀도의 80%를 점하는 저서 다모류는 조사 시기 동안 1~22종으로 총 43종이 출현하였으며, 종수는 시간이 지날수록 계속 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 다모류의 전체 평균 서식밀도는 $794{\pm}1,275\;indiv.{\cdot}m^{-2}$이었으며, 조사 시기별로 심한 변화를 보였다. 이는 총 서식 밀도의 83%를 점하는 오염 지시종인 Polydora ligni의 번식과 소멸에 의한 것이다. 역시 오염 지시종으로 알려진 Pseudopolydora kempi가 평균 31 $indiv.{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 Capitella capitata가 평균 23 $indiv.{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 우점하였다. 종다양성(H') 및 우점도 지수(D) 등 생태지수의 시기별 변화 역시 시화호에 서식하는 다모류의 종류가 감소하고 몇몇 종에 의해 점차 우점함을 반영하였다. 시화호 안쪽부터 방조제 부근의 지역으로 무생물대가 점차 확산하는 경향이 있었다. 출현 종수의 감소, 오염 지시종의 일시적인 대량 번식과 소멸 그리고 무생물대의 존재는 시화호의 저서환경이 심하게 오염되었음을 시사한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.34-47
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• 1996

전국민의료보험제도가 실시된 이후 의료 서비스에 대한 수요는 외래 진료와 입원진 모두 현저한 상승 현상을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 이에 반해 한방의료에 대한 수요는 한방의료보험제도의 부분적 시행에도 불구하고 상대적으로 저조한 실정이며, 의료시장에서의 점유율도 점차 감소하고 있는 추세에 있다. 따라서 한방의료를 국민 속으로 널리 확산시키고 양방의료에 대한 대체 기능을 제고시키려면 소비자들이 보다 쉽게 한방의료에 접근할 수 있는 장치가 마련되어야 하며, 그 중에서 가장 핵심적인 요소는 한방의료의 가격을 적정한 수준으로 유지하는 것이다. 본고에서는 한방의료기관이 현재의 경영 상태를 유지하면서도 한방의료의 대중화를 촉진시킬 수 있는 한방의료의 적정 가격을 추계하여 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면 한방의료의 가격탄력성은 약 5.8로 높게 나타나 가격이 하락할 때 한방의료에 대한 수요가 그 이상으로 증가할 것으로 예상되어 전체적으로 경영수지는 호전될 것으로 추계되었다. 첩약가의 인하가 한방의료기관의 경영수지에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과에 의하면 한의사의 추가공급에 별다른 제한이 없는 경우, 가격탄력성이 6일 때 첩약가를 20%, 40%, 50%씩 인하하면 수입이 각각 76%, 104%, 100% 증가하는 것으로 추계되었다. 또 가격탄력성이 5인 경우에는 수입이 각각 60%, 80%, 75% 증가하고, 가격탄력성이 4인 경우에는 수입이 각각 44%, 56%, 50% 증가하는 것으로 추계되었다. 그리고 이윤율을 첩약가 인하 이전인 50% 수준으로 유지하고자 할 때 최대로 가능한 첩약가의 인하 폭을 산정한 결과, (i)가격탄력성이 현재와 같이 6인 경우에는 최대 가격인하율이 33.3%이며, 이 때 첩약의 이용량은 200% 증가하고 수입은 2배가 되는 것으로 나타난다. (ii)가격탄력성이 5인 경우에는 가격을 30% 인하할 때 지금과 같은 이윤을 누릴 수 있으며, 이 때 한의원의 수입은 75% 증가하는 것으로 추정된다. (iii)가격탄력성이 4일 때의 최대 가격인하율은 25%로서 이 경우에 수입은 50% 증가하는 것으로 추정된다.