• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.976-981
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• 1997

The magnetic susceptibilities of molybdenum ions with 4d1 electronic configuration in the octahedral crystal field were calculated on the basis of ligand field theory. The experimental magnetic susceptibilities for molybdenum ions, which are stabilized at the octahedral site in the perovskite lattice of Ba2ScMoⅤO6 and Sr2YMoⅤO6, were compared with the theoretical ones. We have tried to fit their temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility with ligand field parameters, spin-orbit coupling constant ζSO, and orbital reduction parameter κ according to intermediate field coupling and strong field theory. Strong field coupling theory could not explain experimental curves without unrealistically large axial ligand field, since it ignores the mixing up between different state via spin-orbit interaction and ligand field. On the other hand, the intermediate field coupling theory could successfully reproduce experimental data in octahedral and trigonal ligand field. The fitting result demonstrates not only the fact that spin-orbit interaction is primarily responsible for the variation of magnetic behavior but also the fact that effective orbital overlap, enhanced by cubic crystal structure, reduces significantly orbital angular momentum as indicated by κ parameter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.228-236
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• 1994

The effect of the vibration mode coupling induced by the vibration-rotation interaction on total energy was investigated for the states with zero total angular momentum(J=0) in a quasilinear symmetric triatomic molecule of $AB_2$ type using a model potential function with a slight potential barrier to linearity. It is found that the coupling energy becomes larger for the levels of bend and asymmetric stretch modes and smaller for symmetric stretch mode as the excitation of the vibrational modes occurs. The results for the real molecule of $CH_2^+$, which is quasilinear, generally agree with the results for the model potential function in that common mode selective dependence of coupling energy is exhibited in both cases. The differences between the results for the model and real potential function in H-C-H system are analyzed and explained in terms of heavy mixing of the symmetric stretch and bend mode in excited vibrational states of the real molecule of $CH_2^+$. It is shown that the vibrational mode coupling in the potential energy function is primarily responsible for the broken nodal structure and chaotic behavior in highly excited levels of $CH_2^+$ for J= 0.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

In this study, four reinforced concrete coupling beams were subjected to cyclic lateral loading test to evaluate the structural performance of coupling beam according to volume fraction of steel fiber. For this purpose, the volume fraction of steel fiber(0%, 1%, 2%) and transverse reinforcement spacing were determined as the main parameter. According to the test results, the maximum strength of D-40C-s100-0 was 1.15, 1.13, 1.05 times higher than D-40C-s300-0, D-40C-s300-1, D-40C-s300-2, respectively. The maximum strength of coupling beams with mitigated rebar details increases as the volume fraction of steel fiber increases. Although steel fiber 2% reinforced specimen(D-40C-s300-2) did not satisfy the amount of transverse reinforcement required for seismic design of coupling beam, the overall performance including to maximum strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity was similar to the control specimen(D-40C-s100-0). As a result, the use of steel fiber with 2% reinforcement can partially replace the transverse reinforcement in diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beam.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2019

In this paper, we present a 2D multi-scale coupling computation procedure for localized failure. When modeling the behavior of a structure by a multi-scale method, the macro-scale is used to describe the homogenized response of the structure, and the micro-scale to describe the details of the behavior on the smaller scale of the material where some inelastic mechanisms, like damage or plasticity, can be defined. The micro-scale mesh is defined for each multi-scale element in a way to fit entirely inside it. The two scales are coupled by imposing the constraint on the displacement field over their interface. An embedded discontinuity is implemented in the macro-scale element to capture the softening behavior happening on the micro-scale. The computation is performed using the operator split solution procedure on both scales.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2001

다공질 매체의 거동은 선형 열역학적 다공 탄성 거동, 선형 다공 점성-탄성 거동, 다공소성 거동, 그리고 다공 점성-소성 거동 등으로 모형화가 된다. 또한 시간에 따라 그 거동 양상이 복합적인 형태를 띈다. 다공질 매체는 간극 속의 구성물들이 서로 상대속도를 가지며 상호 작용을 하기 때문에 coupling 효과를 고려한 다공질 매체의 변형 거동에 대한 구성모델의 개발이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 균질하고 등방성을 가진 재료들로 이루어진 다공질 매체의 3차원적인 거동을 포화도에 따라 완전 포화시와 부분 포화시로 나누어 연속체 다공 역학의 뼈대 위에 지배방정식들을 구한다. 또한 다공질 매체의 거동을 이해하고 해석할 수 있는 구성모델을 개발할 수 있는 토대를 마련한다. 본 연구가 확장될 경우 다공질 매체의 정확한 거동 해석과 변형량 예측이 이루어질 수 있을 것이다. 특히 도시 고형화 폐기물 매립지반의 3차원적인 거동을 해석할 수 있는 기초가 마련되어 비균질하고 이방성을 가진 재료들로 이루어진 다공질 매체 지반의 활용이 활발하게 이루어 질 것으로 기대된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 굽힘-비틀림 커플링(bend-twist coupled, BTC) 설계개념을 적용한 10 MW급 복합재 풍력 블레이드의 구조 최적 설계를 수행하였다. BTC 설계개념은 동적 하중 상황에서 블레이드의 굽힘과 비틀림 거동 사이의 연동을 유도하여, 단면 받음각 변화에 의한 수동적인 적응 하중저감이 가능하다. 인자연구를 통해 최적의 BTC 설계인자를 추출하여 블레이드 구조설계에 적용하였다. BTC 개념이 동적 하중 감소에 미치는 영향을 가늠하기 위해 블레이드 루트 부에서의 피로등가하중을 계산한 결과, BTC 개념이 적용된 블레이드를 적용한 경우 피로등가하중이 2-3% 정도 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. BTC 효과를 시험적으로 검증하기 위해 1:29 비율의 블레이드 stiffener 축소모델을 제작하였으며, 정하중 시험을 통해 처짐 거동 시 끝단에서의 비틀림을 측정하였다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-93
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• 2019

Finite element simulations of solid mechanics problems often involve the use of Non-Confirming Meshes (NCM) to increase accuracy in capturing nonlinear behavior, including damage and plasticity, in part of a solid domain without an undue increase in computational costs. In the presence of material nonlinearity and plasticity, higher-order variables are often needed to capture nonlinear behavior and material history on non-conforming interfaces. The most popular formulations for coupling non-conforming meshes are dual methods that involve the interpolation of a traction field on the interface. These methods are subject to the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi (LBB) stability condition, and are therefore limited in their implementation with the higher-order elements needed to capture nonlinear material behavior. Alternatively, the enriched discontinuous Galerkin approach (EDGA) (Haikal and Hjelmstad 2010) is a primal method that provides higher order kinematic fields on the interface, and in which interface tractions are computed from local finite element estimates, therefore facilitating its implementation with nonlinear material models. The inclusion of higher-order interface variables, however, presents the issue of preserving material history at integration points when a increase in integration order is needed. In this study, the enriched discontinuous Galerkin approach (EDGA) is extended to the case of small-deformation plasticity. An interface-driven Gauss-Kronrod integration rule is proposed to enable adaptive enrichment on the interface while preserving history-dependent material data at existing integration points. The method is implemented using classical J2 plasticity theory as well as the pressure-dependent Drucker-Prager material model. We show that an efficient treatment of interface variables can improve algorithmic performance and provide a consistent approach for coupling non-conforming meshes in inelasticity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.3990-4002
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• 2021

CSPACE (Core meltdown, Safety and Performance Analysis CodE for nuclear power plants) for a simulation of severe accident progression in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) is developed by coupling of verified system thermal hydraulic code of SPACE (Safety and Performance Analysis CodE for nuclear power plants) and core damage progression code of COMPASS (Core Meltdown Progression Accident Simulation Software). SPACE is responsible for the description of fluid state in nuclear system nodes, while COMPASS is responsible for the prediction of thermal and mechanical responses of core fuels and reactor vessel heat structures. New heat transfer models to each phase of the fluid, flow blockage, corium behavior in the lower head are added to COMPASS. Then, an interface module for the data transfer between two codes was developed to enable coupling. An implicit coupling scheme of wall heat transfer was applied to prevent fluid temperature oscillation. To validate the performance of newly developed code CSPACE, we analyzed typical severe accident scenarios for OPR1000 (Optimized Power Reactor 1000), which were initiated from large break loss of coolant accident, small break loss of coolant accident, and station black out accident. The results including thermal hydraulic behavior of RCS, core damage progression, hydrogen generation, corium behavior in the lower head, reactor vessel failure were reasonable and consistent. We demonstrate that CSPACE provides a good platform for the prediction of severe accident progression by detailed review of analysis results and a qualitative comparison with the results of previous MELCOR analysis.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1065-1074
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• 2005

Due to lack of information, current design methods to calculate bearing strength of connections are tacit about cases in which hybrid coupled walls have connection details of stud bolts and horizontal ties. In this study, analytical study was carried out to develop model for calculating the connections strength of embedded steel section. The bearing stress at failure in the concrete below the embedded steel coupling beam section is related to the concrete compressive strength and the ratio of the width of the embedded steel coupling beam section to the thickness of the shear walls. Experiments were carried out to determine the factors influencing the bearing strength of the connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall. The test variables included the reinforcement details that confer a ductile behavior in connection between steel coupling beam and shear wall, i. e., the auxiliary stud bolts attached to the steel beam flanges and the transverse ties at the top and the bottom steel beam flanges. In addition, additional test were conducted to verify the strength equations of the connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall. The results of the proposed equations in this study are in good agreement with both our test results and other test data from the literature.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2015

병렬전단벽시스템은 횡력저항에 있어서 효율적인 구조시스템이지만, 각 독립벽체를 연결하는 연결보의 복잡한 철근상세로 인해 시공상의 어려움이 있다. ACI-318에서는 개선된 철근상세를 제안했지만, 이 또한 과도한 횡보강근으로 인해 대각철근의 중심부의 철근 배근 혼잡으로 인해 현장 적용에 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 프리캐스트를 통하여 철근 배근 오차 및 콘크리트 품질 등의 저하를 줄이고 ACI 318-11의 개선된 상세에 따른 기준 실험체와 일반대각철근을 묶음대각철근으로 대체한 철근콘크리트 연결보의 이력거동을 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과, 묶음대각철근을 적용한 실험체는 현행기준에 따른 연결보와 비교하여 유사한 이력거동을 나타냈고, 더 우수한 에너지소산능력을 나타냈다. 묶음대각철근을 적용한 철근콘크리트 연결보가 현행기준에 따르는 연결보를 대체하여 현장적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.