• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2021

Objectives : Herbal medicines have been used a lot traditionally in Northeast Asia. In particular, various Apiaceae plants (Umbelliferae) are widely used for medicinal purposes among countries. However, the original species designated in each pharmacopoeia standards, are sometimes different and confuse. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for Apiaceae taxa to compare the taxonomic identity and different taxonomic opinions for each country based on their local flora and recent taxonomic studies. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines were analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Japan. Especially, we compared their local floras, international plant scientific name database, and recently published taxonomic studies to confirm the correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed apiaceous herbal medicines in pharmacopoeias were all 21 items and 39 taxa; the highest percentage, genus Angelica (21%) and roots including rhizomes (62%) the registered genera and medicinal parts, respectively. Eleven items were in all five country's pharmacopoeias. Four items were in more than two countries' pharmacopoeias. Six items were registered in only one pharmacopoeia. Conclusions : Our research provides necessary information, e.g., corrected scientific names of original species based on taxonomic species concepts, taxonomic reviews, and figures of medicines. These results will help in the understanding of the apiaceous taxa among the five countries' pharmacopoeias. Moreover, these extensive nomenclatural reviews of authentic apiaceous taxa will help for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

Background: This study was aimed to establish the systematic management methods of tar color additives used in Korea for drugs and quasi-drugs. Although tar color additives have been used in various areas, safety problems are continuously being reported by several studies. For that reason, major countries like US, Japan, Europe are trying to update the safety information of tar color additives and the related management methods, and Korea also need to complement them based on the updated information for their safer use. Method: This report includes the compared information of all legally used tar color additives of each country, such as color additive name, compound name and chemical abstracts service registry number. Conclusion: It is expected that these investigated results will be useful as the basic materials for proper management guidelines of tar color additives in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.11-31
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• 2014

Objectives : Nomenclature for medical terminology is the most important point in traditional medical standardization. For example, standard nomenclature for acupuncture points, herbal medicines and prescriptions have been treated. However, studies on standard nomenclature for traditional medical books are rare. Methods : Following up all articles in Journal of Korean Medical Classics[JKMC], which have romanized name for medical books and analyzing problems of those. Results : There were so several methods to write in romanized character even to unique and replaceable name. Conclusions : Romanized nomenclature for medical book as a terminology must have unique expression. So we suggest that authors to write articles have to use unique romanized nomenclature for medical books and books published in a certain country should be written in romanized characters with their own languages.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.159-177
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• 2010

This work intends to study some problems in relation to the issuance of letters of credit. Those problems are the delay of issuing letters of credit, the reissuing letters of credit, and the issuing letters of credit in the third party's name. Sellers and buyers must keep in mind that the supply of letter of credit by buyer is the condition precedent for a seller's shipment obligation. A seller has no obligation to ship the goods until he receives the letter of credit by buyer's bank, issuing bank. An issuing bank can have the risk that an original letter of credit and a reissued letter of credit can be used double in the exporting country. The most safe method for issuing bank is to cancel the original letter of credit and to reissue a new letter of credit. When an issuing bank issues a letter of credit in the third party's name, the bank should investigate the background of the transaction and give the buyer a proper line of credit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.2 s.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2004

This study was conducted to propose name and role of a beauty-related specialist, a brand-new profession, recognizing that rapidly evolving culture and industries call for development of a new occupation in beauty business in the 21st century, and to suggest an approach to set up a department to produce such experts. To this end, extensive data and information were collected from relevant companies, education institutions, and all of the eighty two departments at 2-year junior colleges around the country, and were analyzed. The findings of the study are as follows: First, it was acknowledged that a new occupation distinct from existing ones is required in the beauty business. Secondly, the study has defined role of the new job; a professional beauty stylist who is competent to work across beauty, coordination and fashion with long-term perspective. Thirdly, the study suggested name of the brand-new occupation as beauty stylist. The results summarized above have meaningful implications; the study identified weaknesses of the existing beauty-related departments, and suggested practical approaches to improve them in order to provide effective education on the new profession, beauty stylist, and enhance adaptation capability.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2009

"Secret Works of Universal Benefit" was compiled by Lee Gyeonghwa(李景華, 1721-?) in Choseon Dynasty. Experience by Simple Formulae using Korean herbs in Secret Works of Universal Benefit was recorded Hangul name[鄕名], main medicinal effect and how to use etc. of 50 Korean herbs[鄕藥] to give aid to country people who didn't have medical knowledge. Secret Works of Universal Benefit have passed on traditional Korean medicine as selecting 50 Korean herbs and recording Hangul name. Though most of Experience by Simple Formulae using Korean herbs[鄕藥單方治驗] was quoted "Compendium of Matria Medica", it reflected developing of Korean traditional herb science[本草學] as selecting herbs, arranging frequent symptoms, changing main effect of herbs, and adding clinical experiences.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.249-265
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• 2004

In the current digital age, most of the countries in the world recognize the electronic business to be a very prospective area in the future and plan to activate for the preoccupation of the business. As a result, this led a rapid increase of the electronic business volume. Electronic business takes place in the cyber space, using internet. However, the intellectual property rights have a high degree of possibility of being infringed as the digitalized intellectual property is easy to receive, copy and transmit in the cyber space. The language structure on the web, represented by HTML, makes easier to copy the intellectual property. And, as the internet has no national boundary, the infringement of the intellectual property rights is easier regardless of country, which could lead to the commercial disputes between the concerned countries. There are in fact many legal disputes nowadays on the infringement of the intellectual property rights in such field as computer programming, infringement of the copyright, business model patent and infringement of the trademark right on the registered name of the domain. It is, therefore, time now to prepare a new theory or legal system to protect the intellectual property rights on copyright, patent and trademark right so as to comply with the digital environment together with such a splendid growth of "electronic business." USA and Germany are nowadays making a significant movement on the legislation of the electronic business, and this study will focus on the legislative contents, judicial precedents and interpretation of law in the above countries.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.4 no.1 s.4
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• pp.63-98
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• 1998

Background and Purpose : To investigate the wild plants to be used for survival on tactical activity of Special Forces soldiers at deep enemy's territory Material and Methods : To investigate the wild plants, I selected various native plants in the forests and fields that can be used for medical cure and eatables. And I selected some poisonous plants and some plants containing water or salts, after due consideration of tactical activity and use in the battle-fields. Results and Conclusion : There are many wild plants to be used for multiple purpose in our country. We can get from these plants emergency medicines, foods, even water and salts. I chose 6 species of digestives, 11 species of analgesics, 9 species of antiphlogistics, 7 species of hemostatics, 5 species of antidiarheal, 5 species of diuretics, 2 species of laxatives, 7 species of antipyretics, 1 species of vermicide and 45 species of eatable plants and 12 species of poisonous plants. and I summarized general name, scientific name, component, picking season, used portion, taking method of these plants. Building up accurate knowledge on the wild plants could contributed to raise survival rate of Special Forces soldiers in the battle-fields.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-82
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• 2012

21st century is the Age of Culture, and a period that is represented by symbolism and imagery. This is no exception for the countries that want to enhance their image in the international community. In order for a country to improve its brand, it has to select a representative emblem, symbols and cultural items. The usual suspects for this are its name, flag, and anthem. Each of these items can elicit different types of symbolism. It can also be used to differentiate the country from others; however, these are not the only sources of symbolism at the country's disposal. Other popular tools include cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, climate, natural environment, and its national character. A country can use these items to associate itself with certain images. The purpose of this study is to find an objective way to effectively boost Korea's brand. This will be done by comparing and contrasting the ways countries including Korea have used their national emblems to enhance their image. Data from each of the countries were collected and analyzed. The results of this study will become empirical evidence in researches aimed to develop fashion designs that use Korea's national emblem as its motif in order to improve its national brand Countries that were used for this research were United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Korea, and they were chosen because their national brand rated highly. The items selected for the analysis were scarves and neckties. This was because, compared to other fashion items, it was easier to sort out scarves and neckties that used motifs of national emblems as well as these two items having the highest usage rate of this type of motif. Group of experts looked through a combined total of 370 scarves and ties and they analyzed the following factors in the design: type of motifs, frequency, use of color, methods of expression and images.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.353-373
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• 2022

Many fish species are imported into Korea from various countries. However, in the case of some fish species, there are many that do not have Korean names. Species similar in morphology to domestically produced aquatic products are often disguised as being domestically produced and distributed. Therefore, this study presents a species list for 1,032 fish imported into Korea. Fish species that have not been given Korean names have been given a Korean name using a scientific method to prevent confusion during seafood distribution. Standards for naming stingrays, skates, and mackerel, which are often confused when a country name is being assigned are presented.