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인구집단 기반 건강관리모형의 적용가능성 검토: 한 지역의 의료복지사회적협동조합형 의료기관을 중심으로 (A Study on the Applicability of the Population-Based Health Care Model: Focusing on Social Cooperative-type Medical Clinics in a Local Area)

  • 이근정;오주연;이다희;함명일;이진용
    • 한국의료질향상학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study was to examine whether a health care model that provides comprehensive medical services based on population groups to members of the medical cooperative is applicable as a policy alternative in terms of medical use and cost. Methods: Data were derived from National Health Insurance claim data in 2019. We compared the medical volume and expenses of patients who visited social cooperative-type medical clinics with other patients, control group who visited other clinics in a local area. Results: The average number of visit days was 25.3 days in social cooperative-type medical clinics, more than 24.2 days in the control group (p=.004). However, the average medical cost per visit was KRW 46 thousand in social cooperative-type medical clinics, which was significantly lower than KRW 51 thousand in the control group (p<.001), and the total medical cost was also KRW 16.1 billion in social cooperative-type medical clinics and KRW 16.9 billion in the control group. Conclusion: We identified that a population-based health care model might change patients' behaviors to health care services and decrease total medical cost. Further population based experiment is needed to develop alternative healthcare model.

A Study on the Meaning and Strategy of Keyword Advertising Marketing

  • Park, Nam Goo
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2010
  • At the initial stage of Internet advertising, banner advertising came into fashion. As the Internet developed into a central part of daily lives and the competition in the on-line advertising market was getting fierce, there was not enough space for banner advertising, which rushed to portal sites only. All these factors was responsible for an upsurge in advertising prices. Consequently, the high-cost and low-efficiency problems with banner advertising were raised, which led to an emergence of keyword advertising as a new type of Internet advertising to replace its predecessor. In the beginning of 2000s, when Internet advertising came to be activated, display advertisement including banner advertising dominated the Net. However, display advertising showed signs of gradual decline, and registered minus growth in the year 2009, whereas keyword advertising showed rapid growth and started to outdo display advertising as of the year 2005. Keyword advertising refers to the advertising technique that exposes relevant advertisements on the top of research sites when one searches for a keyword. Instead of exposing advertisements to unspecified individuals like banner advertising, keyword advertising, or targeted advertising technique, shows advertisements only when customers search for a desired keyword so that only highly prospective customers are given a chance to see them. In this context, it is also referred to as search advertising. It is regarded as more aggressive advertising with a high hit rate than previous advertising in that, instead of the seller discovering customers and running an advertisement for them like TV, radios or banner advertising, it exposes advertisements to visiting customers. Keyword advertising makes it possible for a company to seek publicity on line simply by making use of a single word and to achieve a maximum of efficiency at a minimum cost. The strong point of keyword advertising is that customers are allowed to directly contact the products in question through its more efficient advertising when compared to the advertisements of mass media such as TV and radio, etc. The weak point of keyword advertising is that a company should have its advertisement registered on each and every portal site and finds it hard to exercise substantial supervision over its advertisement, there being a possibility of its advertising expenses exceeding its profits. Keyword advertising severs as the most appropriate methods of advertising for the sales and publicity of small and medium enterprises which are in need of a maximum of advertising effect at a low advertising cost. At present, keyword advertising is divided into CPC advertising and CPM advertising. The former is known as the most efficient technique, which is also referred to as advertising based on the meter rate system; A company is supposed to pay for the number of clicks on a searched keyword which users have searched. This is representatively adopted by Overture, Google's Adwords, Naver's Clickchoice, and Daum's Clicks, etc. CPM advertising is dependent upon the flat rate payment system, making a company pay for its advertisement on the basis of the number of exposure, not on the basis of the number of clicks. This method fixes a price for advertisement on the basis of 1,000-time exposure, and is mainly adopted by Naver's Timechoice, Daum's Speciallink, and Nate's Speedup, etc, At present, the CPC method is most frequently adopted. The weak point of the CPC method is that advertising cost can rise through constant clicks from the same IP. If a company makes good use of strategies for maximizing the strong points of keyword advertising and complementing its weak points, it is highly likely to turn its visitors into prospective customers. Accordingly, an advertiser should make an analysis of customers' behavior and approach them in a variety of ways, trying hard to find out what they want. With this in mind, her or she has to put multiple keywords into use when running for ads. When he or she first runs an ad, he or she should first give priority to which keyword to select. The advertiser should consider how many individuals using a search engine will click the keyword in question and how much money he or she has to pay for the advertisement. As the popular keywords that the users of search engines are frequently using are expensive in terms of a unit cost per click, the advertisers without much money for advertising at the initial phrase should pay attention to detailed keywords suitable to their budget. Detailed keywords are also referred to as peripheral keywords or extension keywords, which can be called a combination of major keywords. Most keywords are in the form of texts. The biggest strong point of text-based advertising is that it looks like search results, causing little antipathy to it. But it fails to attract much attention because of the fact that most keyword advertising is in the form of texts. Image-embedded advertising is easy to notice due to images, but it is exposed on the lower part of a web page and regarded as an advertisement, which leads to a low click through rate. However, its strong point is that its prices are lower than those of text-based advertising. If a company owns a logo or a product that is easy enough for people to recognize, the company is well advised to make good use of image-embedded advertising so as to attract Internet users' attention. Advertisers should make an analysis of their logos and examine customers' responses based on the events of sites in question and the composition of products as a vehicle for monitoring their behavior in detail. Besides, keyword advertising allows them to analyze the advertising effects of exposed keywords through the analysis of logos. The logo analysis refers to a close analysis of the current situation of a site by making an analysis of information about visitors on the basis of the analysis of the number of visitors and page view, and that of cookie values. It is in the log files generated through each Web server that a user's IP, used pages, the time when he or she uses it, and cookie values are stored. The log files contain a huge amount of data. As it is almost impossible to make a direct analysis of these log files, one is supposed to make an analysis of them by using solutions for a log analysis. The generic information that can be extracted from tools for each logo analysis includes the number of viewing the total pages, the number of average page view per day, the number of basic page view, the number of page view per visit, the total number of hits, the number of average hits per day, the number of hits per visit, the number of visits, the number of average visits per day, the net number of visitors, average visitors per day, one-time visitors, visitors who have come more than twice, and average using hours, etc. These sites are deemed to be useful for utilizing data for the analysis of the situation and current status of rival companies as well as benchmarking. As keyword advertising exposes advertisements exclusively on search-result pages, competition among advertisers attempting to preoccupy popular keywords is very fierce. Some portal sites keep on giving priority to the existing advertisers, whereas others provide chances to purchase keywords in question to all the advertisers after the advertising contract is over. If an advertiser tries to rely on keywords sensitive to seasons and timeliness in case of sites providing priority to the established advertisers, he or she may as well make a purchase of a vacant place for advertising lest he or she should miss appropriate timing for advertising. However, Naver doesn't provide priority to the existing advertisers as far as all the keyword advertisements are concerned. In this case, one can preoccupy keywords if he or she enters into a contract after confirming the contract period for advertising. This study is designed to take a look at marketing for keyword advertising and to present effective strategies for keyword advertising marketing. At present, the Korean CPC advertising market is virtually monopolized by Overture. Its strong points are that Overture is based on the CPC charging model and that advertisements are registered on the top of the most representative portal sites in Korea. These advantages serve as the most appropriate medium for small and medium enterprises to use. However, the CPC method of Overture has its weak points, too. That is, the CPC method is not the only perfect advertising model among the search advertisements in the on-line market. So it is absolutely necessary that small and medium enterprises including independent shopping malls should complement the weaknesses of the CPC method and make good use of strategies for maximizing its strengths so as to increase their sales and to create a point of contact with customers.

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청주지역의 출장요리 서비스에 대한 이용실태 및 고객만족도 (Use and Customer Satisfaction with Catering Services among Women in Cheongju City)

  • 윤미자;김기남
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.177-184
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    • 2003
  • In order to obtain baseline data for quality improvement of the catering services, a survey was carried out to investigate the consumer use and satisfaction with catering services. Subjects were 171 women who had used catering services within a year previously, and were replied to a questionnaire. The results were as follows: With respect to the use of the catering service, most reasons for using the catering service were no time and no cooking skills, and most events using catering services were the first birthday party and 100th day party for baby. The preferred meal cost was 8,000-10,000 won per person. With respect to customer satisfaction, over 60% of the people were satisfied with catering service which they had used ; they were satisfied with service quality and quantity of the dishes provided whereas they showed a little bit dissatisfaction in desserts and seasonal foods. It is recommended that supplying of sufficient desserts, and development of new and various menus according to seasons should be required to improve the consumer satisfaction with catering services.

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블록별 모션정보에 의한 감시시스템의 구현 (Implementation of Supervisory System for Motion Information per Blocks)

  • 김형균;오무송
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.74-79
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구에서는 동작 검출 기법을 소형 화상 카메라에 적용하여 감시 영상을 검출하는 감시시스템을 구현하였다. 기존에 사용되던 차 영상의 화소 값을 이용한 동작 검출 기법은 배경 영상을 저장할 메모리가 필요하고 화소 단위의 데이터 처리로 인하여 수행 시간의 증가와 노이즈에 민감한 단점을 감수해야만 한다. 이러한 단점을 해결하고 노이즈에 강인한 성질을 갖게 하기 위해서 블록 단위로 모션 정보를 추출하여 비교하는 기법을 제안하였다. 블록별로 모션 정보를 얻는 경우 기준 영상의 블럭 단위의 특징 값과 현재 영상의 블럭 특징 값만을 비교하기 때문에 프레임 메모리가 필요 없고 단지 기준 영상의 블럭 특징 값만을 저장하면 된다. 또한 블럭 단위로 특징 값을 구하는 과정에서 화소 값을 이용한 동작 검출 보다 노이즈에 대한 영향을 감소시키고 카메라의 흔들림 등에 덜 민감한 효과를 얻을 수 있다.

2018평창동계올림픽 시설 사후활용에 대한 경제적 가치: 정선군 알파인 경기장을 사례로 (The Economic Value for the Post-use of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics Facilities: Case of Alpine Stadium in Jeongseon)

  • 송운강;이혜진;양희원
    • 아태비즈니스연구
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.235-244
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    • 2020
  • Purpose - This study estimated the value of the post-use of Alpine stadium in Jeongseon as a tourist attraction, which is one of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics facilities, and identified determinant factors on the willingness to pay (WTP). Design/methodology/approach - A dichotomous-choice model of contingent valuation method (CVM) that is known for an effective tool was used to calculate the value. The questionnaire was conducted on 650 visitors to major tourist destinations in Jeongseon and 629 copies of the valid samples were analyzed. Findings - The results shows that determinate factors on the WTP are; suggestion cost, need (application of Ecotourism Program to the Restoration Process), agree(agree to Ecotourism Program in the Restoration Process) and age. Also, the WTP on the facility is 16,296 won per person. Research implications or Originality - This study estimates the value of the post-utilization of Alpine Stadium of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics facilities, which have been experiencing conflict in recent years. For this reason, the findings of the paper will provide meaningful information for tourism development and management policies of the region.

Economic Evaluation of Coupling APR1400 with a Desalination Plant in Saudi Arabia

  • Abdoelatef, M. Gomaa;Field, Robert M.;Lee, YongKwan
    • 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.73-87
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    • 2016
  • Combining power generation and water production by desalination is economically advantageous. Most desalination projects use fossil fuels as an energy source, and thus contribute to increased levels of greenhouse gases. Environmental concerns have spurred researchers to find new sources of energy for desalination plants. The coupling of nuclear power production with desalination is one of the best options to achieve growth with lower environmental impact. In this paper, we will per-form a sensitivity study of coupling nuclear power to various combinations of desalination technology: {1} thermal (MSF [Multi-Stage Flashing], MED [Multi-Effect Distillation], and MED-TVC [Multi-Effect Distillation with Thermal Vapour Compression]); {2} membrane RO [Reverse Osmosis]; and {3} hybrid (MSF-RO [Multi-Stage Flashing & Reverse Osmosis] and MED-RO [Multi-Effect Distillation & Reverse Osmosis]). The Korean designed reactor plant, the APR1400 will be modeled as the energy production facility. The economical evaluation will then be executed using the computer program DEEP (Desalination Economic Evaluation Program) as developed by the IAEA. The program has capabilities to model several types of nuclear and fossil power plants, nuclear and fossil heat sources, and thermal distillation and membrane desalination technologies. The output of DEEP includes levelized water and power costs, breakdowns of cost components, energy consumption, and net saleable power for any selected option. In this study, we will examine the APR1400 coupled with a desalination power plant in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) as a prototypical example. The KSA currently has approximately 20% of the installed worldwide capacity for seawater desalination. Utilities such as power and water are constructed and run by the government. Per state practice, economic evaluation for these utilities do not consider or apply interest or carrying cost. Therefore, in this paper the evaluation results will be based on two scenarios. The first one assumes the water utility is under direct government control and in this case the interest and discount rate will be set to zero. The second scenario will assume that the water utility is controlled by a private enterprise and in this case we will consider different values of interest and discount rates (4%, 8%, & 12%).

무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 공정성 향상을 위한 새로운 패킷 전송 구조 (A New Packet Forwarding Architecture For Fairness Improvement in Wireless Sensor Network)

  • 송병훈;이형수;함경선
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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    • pp.215-217
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    • 2004
  • In wireless sensor networks, fair allocation of bandwidth among different nodes is one of the critical problems that effects the serviceability of the entire system. Fair bandwidth allocation mechanisms, like fair queuing, usually need to maintain state, manage buffers, and perform packet scheduling on a per flow basis, and this complexity may prevent them from being cost-effectively implemented and widely deployed. It is a very important and difficult technical issue to provide packet scheduling architecture for fairness in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an packet scheduling architecture for sensor node, called FISN (Fairness Improvement Sensor Network), that significantly reduces this implementation complexity yet still achieves approximately fair bandwidth allocations. Sensor node for sensing estimate the incoming rate of each sensor device and insert a label into each transmission packet header based on this estimate. Sensor node for forwarding maintain no per flow state; they use FIFO packet scheduling augmented by a probabilistic dropping algorithm that uses the packet labels and an estimate of the aggregate traffic at the gathering node. We present the detailed design, implementation, and evaluation of FISN using simulation. We discuss the fairness improvement and practical engineering challenges of implementing FISN in an experimental sensor network test bed based on ns-2.

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미국 대도시권역 공동주택 임차가구의 주거 만족도 영향 요인 (Influences on Housing Satisfaction of Multifamily Housing Renter Households in the U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas)

  • 이현정
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to explore characteristics and housing satisfaction of multifamily renter households in metropolitan areas using 2009 American Housing Survey public-use microdata. A total of 8,139 multifamily renter household residing in metropolitan statistical areas were selected for data analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) In comparison with other types of households in the metropolitan areas, multifamily renter households tended to show a smaller household size, younger householders, a greater proportion of households with householders who have never married, or have been widowed, divorced or separated; (2) housing cost related variables such as monthly rent or rent per square footage were found not to have significant influence on housing satisfaction of multifamily renter households in metropolitan areas; (3) factors influencing housing satisfaction of multifamily renter households with householder's age 34 years or younger were neighborhood satisfaction, householder's race, structure age and per-person unit size; and (4) neighborhood satisfaction was found to have the strongest influence on housing satisfaction of multifamily renter households in metropolitan areas.

A force-based element for direct analysis using stress-resultant plasticity model

  • Du, Zuo-Lei;Liu, Yao-Peng;Chan, Siu-Lai
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.175-186
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    • 2018
  • The plastic hinge method and the plastic zone method are extensively adopted in displacement-based elements and force-based elements respectively for second-order inelastic analysis. The former enhances the computational efficiency with relatively less accurate results while the latter precisely predicts the structural behavior but generally requires more computer time. The displacement-based elements receive criticism mainly on plasticity dominated problems not only in accuracy but also in longer computer time to redistribute the forces due to formation of plastic hinges. The multi-element-per-member model relieves this problem to some extent but will induce a new problem in modeling of member initial imperfections required in design codes for direct analysis. On the contrary, a force-based element with several integration points is sufficient for material yielding. However, use of more integration points or elements associated with fiber section reduces computational efficiency. In this paper, a new force-based element equipped with stress-resultant plasticity model with minimal computational cost is proposed for second-order inelastic analysis. This element is able to take the member initial bowing into account such that one-element-per-member model is adequate and complied with the codified requirements of direct analysis. This innovative solution is new and practical for routine design. Finally, several examples demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.

A Comparison of the Cancer Incidence Rates between the National Cancer Registry and Insurance Claims Data in Korea

  • Seo, Hee Jung;Oh, In-Hwan;Yoon, Seok-Jun
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권12호
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    • pp.6163-6168
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    • 2012
  • Although much health services research has been conducted using national health insurance claims data in Korea, the validity of this method has not been ascertained. The objective of this study was to validate the use of claims data for health services research by comparing incidence rate of cancers found using insurance claims data against rates of the national cancer registry of Korea. An algorithm to estimate incidence rates using claims data was developed and applied. The claims data from 2005-2008 were acquired and the patients admitted to hospitals due to cancer in 2008 without admission to hospital from 2005-2007 by the same diagnosis code were regarded as incident cases. The acquired results were compared with the values from the National Cancer Registry of Korea. The incidence rate of all cancers found using claims data was 363.1 per 100,000 people, which is very similar to the 361.9 per 100,000 rate of the national cancer registry. Also the age-, gender- and disease-specific rates between the two data sources were similar. Therefore, national health insurance claims data may be a worthwhile resource for health services research if appropriate algorithms are applied, especially considering the cost effectiveness of this method.