• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.75-106
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the trends of studies on estimation of cost for early childhood education and child-care services provided by both the kindergarten and child-care centers. A total of 21 papers including academic journals and policy research reports were collected. The papers were analyzed with the annual trends, research contents, and estimation methods of cost for early childhood education and child-care services. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the studies on estimation of cost for early childhood education were performed earlier than the ones on estimation of cost for child-care services. The research contents were composed of analyzing operating expenses and estimating cost for early childhood education and child-care services. Secondly, there were similarities in the estimating processes of cost for early childhood education and child-care services, but the definition of operating expenses used for the estimation of cost differed. Thirdly, there were differences in the items of operating expenses inputted to estimate cost and in the calculation procedures of items in studies. Finally, based on the results, this study suggested what future studies and policy should consider in the estimation of cost for early childhood education and child-care services.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2014

This paper explores factors associated with multiple concurrent care and education arrangements in early childhood in South Korea. It draws on a subsample from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. Results show that about one-fifth of the families utilized multiple arrangements for their first preschool child. The primary non-parental option in multiplicity was nurseries or kindergartens. Home care and education options such as home study materials were found to be most prevalent secondary non-parental option, followed by services at private institution as well as relative care. Children's age, care cost, non-parental care time and time constraints were found to be positively related to the incidence of multiplicity for the first preschool child while family income and cost constraints were negatively associated. As a secondary option in the multiplicity, services at private institutions increased with children's age, care cost and when the grandparents live far from the parents' house. Home care and education utilization was found more among mothers with low degree of time constraints. Utilization of relative support decreased with the children's age and meant lower care cost and increased with mother's employment, fathers' education, family income, cost constraints and when grandparents live nearby. This paper, based on the associated factors, suggests how issues of children enrichment and constraints might be related to the multiplicity.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2020

Recognizing the importance of early childhood education, the government is preparing measures at the national level, including expanding the scope of free education for infants, linking early childhood education to elementary schools, unifying the system in charge of early childhood education, printing the cost of operating a full-time system for double-income couples, and policies for low-income infants. In Korea's childcare policy, the need for childcare has increased due to the increase of free double-income couples, the increase of nuclear families, and the increase of divorce rates. Despite the overall increase in the child care budget, Korea's child care policy shows many problems in its efficiency due to the burden of childcare facilities and childcare fees for caregivers. After looking into the theoretical contents of the free childcare policy and the corresponding child care support policy, we would like to consider ways to improve the free childcare policy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.125-140
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to inverstigate the need of child care services and child care programs for the working class mothers. We surveyed four Industrial complex (in Seoul, Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan) to collect data. The samples were 282 mothers (Seoul: 95, Incheon: 54, Ulsan: 62, Pusan: 71). The mothers had children under six years of age and they worked at factory for 11 hours. They (65%) rented houses with 1-2 rooms. Their income was not enought to support their family. They were never supported by social network, so they had to work at factory and they need child care services. The mothers had many difficulties of child rearing and early childhood education. They wanted perfect day care programs. They expected it as followings: (1) Day care center placed at factory or near home. (2) The administrater is goverment or employer. (3) It is managed a full time system. (4) It is center-based day care or industrical day care. (5) They share day care expense with employer or goverment. (6) Day care expenses is 35,000 won in case of full time system, 25,000 won in case of half-time system. They desited highly qualifed day care programs, but they would not expense highly cost. So we suggest that goverment and factory employers support the working mothers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2020

New-born babies who require special attention medically are admitted often to incubator. Incubators are well equipped to fulfill take care of infants, but they have to hospital and so expensive. This paper proposes a smart incubator that can solve the problem of convenience and cost aspect of these incubators. Developed incubator enables near-field monitoring using Arduino Uno as the main control device and Bluetooth communication. The environment in the incubator measures temperature and humidity using a DHT22 sensor and the sound using a P5510 microphone. If the temperature and humidity data set by the user are lower or higher than the reference value, it is designed to operate the heating pad using the controller or turn on the fan to allow air circulation. The measured values in the incubator are displayed in real time on the user's smartphone monitoring screen and are programmed using app inventor. Developed incubators can help take care of infants at low cost in the home.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.490-498
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate how many kindergarten parents use after-school programs and specialization activities and to suggest effective policy improvement plans based on the results. After 693 parents were interviewed by the investigators, the collected data were presented by calculating the percentages, averages, and standard deviations. First of all, the results of after-school are presented. First, about 38.2% of the surveyed parents spent additional expenses to use after - school program, and the average of additional costs was about 62,850 won. When the cost burden and satisfaction were evaluated as 5 points, it was rated as normal. Second, the main reason for participating in the after-school program was both parents were working, followed by the parents' wishes for their children to spend time with their friends. Next, the results for specialization activities at kindergartens are presented. First, the proportion of children using after-school specialization activities was 68.2%, of which 79% were expenditures, the number of activities was 2.69, and the average cost was 83,540 won. Second, the most preferred after-school specialization activity by age group was English, and the most common reason for this was that the children liked to participate. Improvement of the educational contents suggested as the most important thing to improve after-school specialization activities. Lastly, the results showed that after-school specialization activities reduced parents' spending on private education. On the basis of the results, some discussions are presented included the development after-school programs focusing on the different needs of children and parents accordingly.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.285-298
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze teachers job satisfaction according to the working environment of teachers working in child-care centers and to investigate which variables of the working environment relate to job satisfaction of child-care teachers. The main results of this study were as follows. First, married teachers are more satisfied with the job itself, supervision, and colleague relations compared to teachers who are not married. Teachers with certificates are more satisfied with the job itself compared to teachers without certificates. Second, teachers's job satisfaction is significantly correlated with their salary, welfare, and colleague relations. Also teachers' job satisfaction is correlated with responsibility in the case that teachers have a good relation with their principal and child-care parents. Third, the results of this study show that teachers consider substitute teachers, vacation systems, day care systems, compliant with the ratio of teacher and children, job security, order of legal status as important. With regard to external compensation, teachers want salary increase, payment on overtime labor, flexible work-time, use of both full-time and part-time teachers, expansion of educational materials, increase on purchasing cost for textbooks and materials. To improve the quality of child-care teachers' working environment as well as their satisfaction, practical policies need to be implemented.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the introduction and activation of smart training for the effective training of vocational ability development of companies in the 4th industrial revolution era, we analyze the present status of smart training introduction and related difficulties and propose concrete activation plan. Research design, data, and methodology - Through the online survey, we tried to confirm the recognition of corporate about smart training. Questionnaires include what are the benefits, expectations, and difficulties of smart training, etc. The survey was conducted from August 21, 2017 to September 4, 2017. A total of 69 companies participated in the questionnaire. The questionnaire results were analyzed through frequency analysis and contents analysis. Based on the results of the questionnaire, we found out the cause of inhibition of smart training activation and suggested activation strategies. Results - The main reason for the provision of smart training is the expectation of the training performance and the recognition that it is possible to provide training in a flexible manner. The effectiveness of smart training operation was evaluated as a high level of contribution to the development of creative training course and the capacity of training institute. As a result of checking factors that hinders the activation of smart training, the most important reason is that the time and cost burden of the training institutes is excessive. The lack of expertise in the design of smart training courses and the burden of employers and trainees. Conclusions - In order to activate smart training, it is necessary to find solutions to the obstacles at the internal or external level of training institutions. The internal barriers to the training organization are lack of internal competence for preparation and course management. In this regard, we need to consider providing consulting, best practices or guidance in the process of designing and operating smart training. On the other hand, as an external obstacle factor, it is necessary to provide incentives to participate in smart training. In addition, further research is needed on strategies that can lead to participation in smart training from the viewpoint of employers and learners.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.228-236
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• 2020

As of March 2020, this study divided the applications for young children installed on Android-based smart-phones in Korea into top and bottom groups according to review scores, and selected 30 applications each, conducted content analysis and application evaluation, and looked at differences between groups. Through this, by providing objective information on the smart-phone application for young children, it is intended to help parents and early childhood education professionals select high-quality applications, and to present ideas and directions for developing applications suitable for development to application developers. As a result of application content analysis, only data presentation type, simulation type, and game type were found in all the top and bottom groups as for the application type. There was a difference in order. In the case of app purchase cost, the top group in the review score was evenly distributed from the low price to the high price of 100,000 won or more, while the bottom group had few high-priced applications. On the other hand, as a result of application evaluation, a significant difference was found in the entire evaluation score, including all functional elements and all content elements, between the top and bottom groups of the review score. In the case of detailed sub-factors, significant differences were shown in all factors except 'technicality' of functional elements.