• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

3.0 T 자기공명영상기기에서 확산텐서영상을 이용하여 청소년을 대상으로 정상인과 인터넷 중독자의 뇌량과 내섬유막 구조의 변화에 대하여 정량적으로 알아보고자 하였다. 10명의 인터넷 중독자와 정상인 12명을 대상으로 검사를 하였고, 정량적 분석을 위하여 뇌량의 5부위와 내섬유막의 2부위를 View Forum 프로그램을 이용하여 두 그룹에 대한 신경섬유의 손상 정도를 FA, ADC($10^{-3}mm^2/s$), Length(mm)값으로 측정하였다. 그룹 간 통계적 유의성은 Independent t-test와 pearson 상관관계로 하였다(p<0.05). 정상인과 인터넷 중 독자에 관하여 신경섬유 손상정도는 7부위에 대하여 FA, ADC($10^{-3}mm^2/s$), Length(mm)값에 대하여 의미 있는 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 또한 두 그룹에서 IAD scale 과 뇌량의 FA값은 음의 적으로 강하게 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.000). 결론적으로, 확산텐서영상은 FA, ADC($10^{-3}mm^2/s$), Length(mm)값에 대하여 유의성 있는 차이를 보여고, 이 결과는 뇌 백질에 대한 손상정도에 관하여 정량적으로 임상적 정보를 제공하였다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권5호
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• pp.1184-1193
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• 2020

목적 뇌량 미세출혈이 저산소 뇌 손상과 상관관계가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 임상적으로 진단된 27명의 저산소 뇌 손상 환자군을 대상으로 후향적으로 연구를 진행하였다. 나이와 성별을 매칭한 대조군과 Fisher's exact test로 동반 질환, 뇌 미세출혈 유무를 비교하였다. 환자군은 뇌량 미세출혈의 유무로 나누어 비교하였다. Fisher's exact test로 두 그룹 간의 저산소 뇌 손상의 전형적인 자기공명영상 특징 유무, 심폐소생술 유무, 예후 정도를 비교하였고, Mann-Whitney U test로 저산소 뇌 손상 사건 발생 후 자기공명영상 획득까지의 시간 간격을 비교하였다. 결과 환자군에서 뇌 미세출혈은 29.6%에서 보였으며, 이는 대조군의 3.7%보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p = 0.012). 환자군에서의 모든 뇌 미세출혈은 뇌량에 국한됐다. 비뇌량 미세출혈군과 비교하여, 뇌량 미세출혈군은 좋은 예후를 보이는 경우가 많았고(6/8 vs. 11/19), 저산소 뇌 손상의 전형적인 자기공명영상 특징을 작은 비율에서 보이며(2/8 vs. 10/19), 심폐소생술이 많은 비율에서 시행됐으나(6/8 vs. 12/19) 통계적 유의성을 보이진 못하였다(p = 0.35, p = 0.19, p = 0.45, respectively). 결론 뇌량 미세출혈은 저산소 뇌 손상을 시사하는 부수적인 자기공명영상 특징이 될 수 있겠다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-1
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• pp.106-107
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• 2003

tIn brain ischemic insult, inflammatory cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes are chemo-attracted into the brain lesion and release cytokines, resulting in an activation of microglia that are functionally equivalent to peripheral macrophages in the central nervous system. In cerebral ischemic insults, activated inflammatory cells such as microglia and macrophages may be implicated in the pattern and degree of ischemic injury by producing various bioactive mediators. (omitted)

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

이 논문은 뇌 자기 공명 영상을 Talairach 좌표계에 맞추어 반자동적으로 정합시키기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 뇌영상을 Talairach 좌표계로 변환시키기 위해서는 anterior commissure (AC), posterior commissure (PC), 최 전방점 (AP), 최 후방점 (PP), 최고점 (SP), 최저점(IP), 좌측점 (LP), 우측점 (RP)을 정해주고, 뇌의 회전각을 구하기 위해서 좌뇌와 우뇌의 가운데를 지나는 선을 지정해 준다. 이때 제안한 방법을 쓰면 뇌를 좀더 쉽고 안정된 방법으로 정합할 수 있게 된다. 이 논문에서는 일단 뇌의 midsagittal plane을 추출해 내기 위해 사용자가 axial, coronal 방향에서 각각 두 개씩의 점을 지정해준다. 이후 원형정합을 이용하여 Corpus Callosum의 대강의 위치를 찾아내고 다음 단계에서 그 주변의 영역에 대한 원형정합을 통하여 정확한 AC와 PC의 위치를 찾아낸다. 마지막으로 단면의 밝기 정보를 이용하여 뇌의 경계를 이루는 나머지 점들을 찾을 수 있는데 이렇게 찾아낸 점들로 뇌자기공명영상을 정합하면 좀더 편리하고 안정적인 정합 결과를 얻을 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.64-67
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• 2018

We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who had mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) associated with acutepyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli. The patient was admitted with a high fever, and she was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis based on pyuria and the results of urine culture, which detected cefotaxime-sensitive E. coli. Although intravenous cefotaxime and tobramycin were administered, her fever persisted and her C-reactive protein level increased to 307 mg/L. On day 3 of admission, she demonstrated abnormal neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as delirium, ataxia, and word salad. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain performed on day 4 showed marked hyperintensities in the bilateral corpus callosum and deep white matter on diffusion-weighted images, with corresponding diffusion restriction on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping. No abnormalities or pathogens were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid; however, lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) were detected in plasma (41.6 pg/mL), associated with acute neurological deterioration. Her clinical condition gradually improved, and no neurological abnormalities were observed on day 6. Follow-up brain MRI performed 2 weeks later showed near-disappearance of the previously noted hyperintense lesions. In this patient, we first proved endotoxemia in a setting of MERS. The release of LPS following antibiotic administration might be related to the development of MERS in this patient. The possibility of MERS should be considered in patients who present with acute pyelonephritis and demonstrate delirious behavior.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1988

Normal swine brains at 1 to 70 days after birth were used to investigate the presence and morphology of the subependymal layer (SL) in the ventricle walls. The brain samples were taken from 27 pigs of 4 swine breeds. The results were summarized as follows: 1. SLs were observed on the walls of the lateral ventricle (LV) but none were observed on the walls of the 3th and 4th ventricles. 2. SLs of the LV walls were composed of mainly 3-to 10-cell layers in thickness. The thinest region of SLs was composed of only 1-to 2-cell thick on the dorsal and ventral walls, and the thickest region was composed of 250-to 300-cell thick on extension region of the SLs into the angle between the corpus callosum and caudate nucleus. 3. Of the LV parts observed, the SL thickness were 25-to 45-cell thick on the anterior horn, 3-to 10-cell thick on the body, 100-to 220-cell thick on the angle region between the corpus callosum and caudate nucleus, and 3-to 5-cell thick the superior walls of the posterior horn. Also the SL thickness was more thick on the anterior region than those on the posterior region. 4. SLs may be classified as three types by the cell distribution; one type of them is closely arranged cell region with the distinctive lateral margin from the periventricular white matter, the other type is loosely arranged cell region with the undistinctive lateral margin, and another type is two-subdivided region as the loosely and closely arranged cell layers in a layer. 5. SLs were extensively thick in young age but gradually decreased in size and cell number with age after 20-day age. SL layers were composed of mainly oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and immature cells of them. Morphological differences of SL in different breeds of pigs were not observed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.528-530
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• 2007

Purpose: Holoprosencephaly(HPE) is a rare developmental defect due to incomplete cleavages of the prosencephalon during the third week of fetal development. Chromosomal anomalies, genetic syndrome, teratogen, or genetic disorder of non-syndromic HPE are usually accepted as etiology. The consequences of prechordal mesoderm defect are varying degrees of deficit of midline facial development, especially the median nasal process(premaxilla), and incomplete morphogenesis of the forebrain. We experienced a case of lobar HPE with complete cleft lip and palate. Methods: A female newborn infant was born at $38^{+6}$ weeks' gestational age via NSVD. The infant's birth weight was 3.6 kg, height 52 cm, and head circumference 32.5 cm, showing microcephaly, flat nose, median complete cleft lip & palate, and hypotelorism, along with defects of midfacial development including losses of premaxilla, philtrum, nasal septum, and columella. Results: There were no specific findings noted from the head and neck X-ray and tests for endocrine and metabolic disorders, but clinical characteristics of midface and dysgenesis corpus callosum on brain MRI were seen, so that this case was diagnosed with HPE. Conclusion: HPE is divided into three categories of alobar, semilobar, and lobar prosencephaly according to the degree of cerebral hemisphere separation. Assesment of patient's brain abnormality and malformation is essential in determining the extent and benefit of surgical intervention. This case was included in the lobar type HPE which shows relatively good prognosis compared with other types and reconstruction of median complete cleft lip & palate and midfacial defects will be performed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2005

체질성 8세염색체는 비교적 드문 염색체 이상으로 신생아 25,000-50,000명당 한 명 정도의 출생빈도를 보이며 여아보다 남아에서 발생 빈도가 높다. 순수한 8세염색체는 생존이 어려운 것으로 보이며 보고된 대부분의 증례는 섞임증이다. 저자들은 뇌량 무발생, 선천성 심장질환과 소악증을 가진 신생아에서 말초혈액 T림프구 핵형분석 및 형광동소교잡법을 통해 체질성 선천성 8세염색체 섞임증을 진단하였다. 체질성 8세염색체 섞임증의 표현형은 거의 정상에 가까운 형태에서 심한 신체적 혹은 지능 장애까지 매우 다양하지만 그 표현형의 정도가 전체 핵형에서 8세염색체 핵형이 차지하는 비율, 즉 섞임증의 정도와 비례하지는 않는다. 또한 조직마다 섞임증의 정도가 매우 다양하여 그 예후를 예측하기는 매우 어렵다. 8세염색체 세포에서 골수성 혈액질환의 발생빈도가 높은 것으로 알려져 있으므로 향후 주의깊은 추적관찰이 필요하다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.226-236
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to explore the myelin volume change in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) using a multidynamic multiecho (MDME) sequence and automatic whole-brain segmentation. Materials and Methods: Forty-one consecutive mTBI patients with PCS and 29 controls, who had undergone MRI including the MDME sequence between October 2016 and April 2018, were included. Myelin volume fraction (MVF) maps were derived from the MDME sequence. After three dimensional T1-based brain segmentation, the average MVF was analyzed at the bilateral cerebral white matter (WM), bilateral cerebral gray matter (GM), corpus callosum, and brainstem. The Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare MVF and myelin volume between patients with mTBI and controls. Myelin volume was correlated with neuropsychological test scores using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: The average MVF at the bilateral cerebral WM was lower in mTBI patients with PCS (median [interquartile range], 25.2% [22.6%-26.4%]) than that in controls (26.8% [25.6%-27.8%]) (p = 0.004). The region-of-interest myelin volume was lower in mTBI patients with PCS than that in controls at the corpus callosum (1.87 cm³ [1.70-2.05 cm³] vs. 2.21 cm³ [1.86-3.46 cm³]; p = 0.003) and brainstem (9.98 cm³ [9.45-11.00 cm³] vs. 11.05 cm³ [10.10-11.53 cm³]; p = 0.015). The total myelin volume was lower in mTBI patients with PCS than that in controls at the corpus callosum (0.45 cm³ [0.39-0.48 cm³] vs. 0.48 cm³ [0.45-0.54 cm³]; p = 0.004) and brainstem (1.45 cm³ [1.28-1.59 cm³] vs. 1.54 cm³ [1.42-1.67 cm³]; p = 0.042). No significant correlation was observed between myelin volume parameters and neuropsychological test scores, except for the total myelin volume at the bilateral cerebral WM and verbal learning test (delayed recall) (r = 0.425; p = 0.048). Conclusion: MVF quantified from the MDME sequence was decreased at the bilateral cerebral WM in mTBI patients with PCS. The total myelin volumes at the corpus callosum and brainstem were decreased in mTBI patients with PCS due to atrophic changes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2001

Object : We intended to investigate the relationship between the degree of injury on MRI and the outcome of the patients with diffuse axonal inury. Method : From january, 1995 to march, 1999, 22 patients were supposed to have diffuse axonal injuries by means of their neurologic signs and MRI. We investigated their prognosis according to CT, MRI and initial neurologic findings. Result : 1) The lesions were mainly located at white matter of cerebrum, corpus callosum, brainstem, and basal ganglia. 2) The lesions of white matter were most commonly in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe. 3) The majority of corpus callosal lesions were located in the posterior body and splenium, but anterior corpus callosal lesions combined with posterior lesions were not found. 4) Brainstem lesions, all non-hemorrhagic, were mostly located in the dorsolateral aspect, not be found on CT. 5) The brainstem lesions were found in 10 cases among total 22 cases, and corpus callosal lesions were accompanied with 8 cases of brainstem lesions. 6) The patients with brainstem lesions had worse prognosis. Conclusion : It is important and reasonable to take brain MRI to identify the brainstem lesions in any cases of suspicious diffuse axonal injury, and we should remind that the diffuse axonal injury with stem lesion has worse prognosis.