• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate two phonological error patterns on coronal feature of children with functional articulation disorders and to compare them with those of general children. We tested 120 children with functional articulation disorders and 100 general children from 2~4 years of age with 'Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Chidren(APAC)'. The results were as follows: (1) 37 disordered children substituted [+coronal] consonants for [-coronal] consonants (fronting of velars) and 9 disordered children substituted [-coronal] consonants for [+coronal] consonants (backing to velars). (2) Theses two phonological patterns were affected by the articulatory place of following phoneme. (3) The fronting pattern of children with articulation disorders was similar with that of general children, but their backing pattern was different with that of general children. These results show the clinical usefulness of coronal feature in phonological pattern analysis, the need of articulatory assessment with various phonetic context, and the importance of error contexts in clinical judgment.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.381-406
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• 2015

Russian nasal consonants / m /, / n / have a feature value not only [+consonant] in common with obstruents, but also [+sonorant] in common with vowels. Nasal / m /(bi-labial) and / n /(dental) have the same place of articulation but different manner of articulation. The feature value of / m / is [+cons, +son, +nas, +ant, -cor, -high, -low, -back, -cont, -del, rel, -strid, +voic], and that of / n / is [+cons, +son, +nas, +ant, +cor, -high, -low, -back, -cont, -del, rel, -strid, + voic]. There is a difference in feature [cor] value of / m / and / n /. In this study it is confirmed that it is a fact that the Russian nasal consonants behave differently from the other consonants in each phonological phenomenon due to their phonological characteristics. The preceding voiced obstruent is changed to an unvoiced one in a process where the last voiceless obstruent in the consonant cluster ' voiced obstruent + nasal /m/ + voiceless obstruent' skips the nasal consonant and spreads its feature value to the preceding voiced obstruent transparently because of the feature [+sonorant] of the nasal consonant. The coronal nasal /n/ participates in a palatalization with the following palatal actively and palatalize preceding plain consonants passively because of markedness hierarchy such as 'Velar > Labial > Coronal'. But the labial nasal /m/ is palatalized with the following velar palatal actively and participates in a palatalization with the following coronal palatal passively. This result helps us confirm the phonological difference of /m/ and /n/ in a palatalization. When the a final consonant is nasal, the unvoicing phenomenon of a final consonant doesn't occur. In such a case as cluster 'obstruent + nasal' the feature value [voiced] of the preceding obstruent doesn't change, but the following nasal can assimilate into the preceding obstruent. When continuing the same nasals / -nn- / in a consonant cluster, the feature value [+cont] of a weak position leads the preceding nasal / n / to be changed into [-cont] / l /. Through the analysis of the frequency of occurrences of consonants in syllabic onsets and codas that should observe the 'Sonority Sequence Principle', the sonority hierarchy of nasal consonants has been confirmed. In a diachronic perspective following nasal / m /, / n / there is a loss of the preceding labial stop and dental stop. But in clusters with the velar stop+nasal, the two-component cluster has been kept phonetically intact.

• MALSORI
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• no.29_30
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• pp.95-104
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• 1995

최근 음운론에서 lateral 자질이 자질수형도에서 어디에 위치하는가에 대해 두 가지 접근이 있어 왔다. Levin(1988)은 lateral이 coronal에만 나타나는 제약에 기초해서, lateral 자질이 coronal 마디의 의존자질이라고 주장한다. 이에 반해 Rice & Avery(1991), 그리고 Shaw(1991)는 lateral 자질이 자질수형도의 위쪽에 위치한다고 주장한다. 이 두 이론을 비교하기 위해 본 논문에서는 다음과 같은 내용의 음운론적인 요소들과 음성학적인 요소들을 고려한다. 첫째, 음성학에서 lateral의 기능은 lateral이 일반적으로 수형도 위쪽에 위치하는 것으로 간주되는 조음방법 자질이라는 것을 시사한다. 둘째, Papuan 언어군에서 보고된 Velar lateral의 존재는 lateral이 coronal에만 나타난다는 제약을 무효화하면서 Levin이론의 전제를 의심스럽게 한다. 셋째, 몇 가지 다른 유형의 동화 현상에 대한 논의는 동화현상이 lateral이 수형도의 위쪽에 위치하는 이론에서 더 잘 설명된다는 것을 보여 준다. 마지막으로 Chumash와 Tahltan의 coronal harmony에서 나타나는 lateral의 transparency와 Cambodian과 Javanese에서 나타나는 OCP효과 따위도 lateral이 조음위치 마디의 의존 자질인 이론에서는 설명될 수 없는 underspecified lateral의 증거를 제시한다. 이와 같은 논의에 기초해서 본 논문의 결과는 lateral이 수형도 위쪽에 위치한다는 주장이 옳음을 보여준다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-70
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• 2009

This study focuses on the asymmetrical realization of homorganic nasal-obstruent stop clusters in English when they occur word medially and word finally. This uneven realization of NC clusters is not only controlled by the place of articulation of the cluster constituents but also by the agreement of voicing feature specifications of the cluster elements. We propose context-sensitive constraints, which are more specified versions than *NC (Pater, 1996, 1999, 2004). The result of the study reveals that homorganic NC clusters consisting of coronal place feature are faithfully realized word finally while they are constrained word medially. The deletion of voiceless post-nasal coronal stop should be considered a new language specific strategy to avoid *NC.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.97-97
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• 2012

Hinode/XRT has observed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) since it launched on Sep. 2006. Observing programs of Hinode/XRT, called 'CME watch', perform several binned observations to obtain large FOV observations with long exposure time that allows the detection of faint CME plasmas in high temperatures. Using those observations, we determine the upper limit to the mass of hot CME plasma using emission measure by assuming the observed plasma structure. In some events, an associated prominence eruption and CME plasma were observed in EUV observations as absorption or emission features. The absorption feature provides the lower limit to the cold mass while the emission feature provides the upper limit to the mass of observed CME plasma in X-ray and EUV passbands. In addition, some events were observed by coronagraph observations (SOHO/LASCO, STEREO/COR1) that allow the determination of total CME mass. However, some events were not observed by the coronagraphs possibly because of low density of the CME plasma. We present the mass constraints of CME plasma and associated prominence as determined by emission and absorption in EUV and X-ray passbands, then compare this mass to the total CME mass as derived from coronagraphs.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2016

We investigated two flares in the solar atmosphere that occurred on June 3, 2012 and July 6, 2012 and caused propagation of Moreton and EIT waves. In the June 3 event, we noticed a filament winking which presumably was caused by the wave propagation from the flare. An interesting feature of this event is that there was a reflection of this wave by a coronal hole located alongside the wave propagation, but not all of this wave was transmitted by the coronal hole. Using the running difference method, we calculated the speed of Moreton and EIT waves and we found values of 926 km/s before the reflection and 276 km/s after the reflection (Moreton wave) and 1,127 km/s before the reflection and 46 km/s after the reflection (EIT wave). In the July 6 event, this phenomenon was accompanied by type II and type III solar radio bursts, and we also performed a running difference analysis to find the speed of the Moreton wave, obtaining a value of 988 km/s. The speed derived from the analysis of the solar radio burst was 1,200 km/s, and we assume that this difference was caused by the different nature of the motions in these phenomena, where the solar radio burst was caused by the propagating particles, not waves.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103.1-103.1
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• 2011

Recent observations by Hinode show weakly-attenuated coronal loop oscillations in the presence of background flow (Ofman & Wang 2008, A&A, 482, L9). We study the vertical kink oscillations in solar coronal loops, considering field aligned flows inside the loops as well as surrounding the loops environment. The two dimensional numerical model of straight slab is used to explore the excitation and attenuation of the impulsively triggered fast magnetosonic standing kink waves. A full set of time dependent ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations is solved numerically taking into account the value of flow of the order of observed flows detected by SOT/Hinode. We find that relaxing the assumption of the limited flows within the loops enhances the damping rate of the fundamental mode of the standing kink waves by 2 - 3 % as compared to flow pattern which is basically localized within the loops. We further notice that extending the flow pattern beyond the loop thickness also enhances the strength of the shock associated with slow magnetoacoustic waves, recognized as an addition feature detected in the numerical simulation. The wider out-flow pattern destroys the oscillation patterns early as compared to narrower flow pattern, in other words we can say that it affects the durability of the oscillation. However, for the typical coronal loops parameters we find that the observed durability periods of the SOT/Hinode observation can be achieved with an out-flow Gaussian patterns for which half-width is not greater than factor 2.0 of the loop-half-width. explain a possible relation between electric current structure and sigmoid observed in a preflare phase.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.337-339
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• 2001

One-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of a protostellar flare loop is presented. The model consists of thermally isolated loop connecting the central core and the accretion disk. We found that the conductive heat flux of a flare heated the accretion disk up to coronal temperature and consequently the disk is evaporated and disappeard. This effect may explain the ovserved feature of the repeated flare from the young stellar object YLW 15.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2011

We have investigated a coronal jet near the limb on 2010 June 27 by Hinode/X-Ray Telescope (XRT), EUV Imaging Spectrograph (EIS), SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and STEREO. From EUV (AIA and EIS) and soft X-ray (XRT) images we identify the erupting jet feature in cool and hot temperatures. Using the high temporal and multi wavelength AIA images, we found that the hot jet preceded its associated cool jet and their structures are well consistent with the numerical simulation of the emerging flux-reconnection model. From the spectroscopic analysis, we found that the jet structure changes from blue shift to red one with time, which may indicate the helical structure of the jet. The STEREO observation, which enables us to observe this jet on the disk, shows that there was a dim loop associated with the jet. On the other hand, we found that the structure of its associated active region seen in STEREO is similar to that in AIA observed 5 days before. Based on this fact, we compared the jet morphology on the limb with the magnectic fields extrapolated from a HMI vector magnetogram of this active region observed on the disk. Interestingly, the comparison shows that the open and closed magnetic field configuration correspond to the jet and the dim loop, respectively, as the Shibata's jet model predicted.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

Using a target detection task, this study compared the processing automaticity of phonemes and features in spoken syllable stimuli to determine the primitive representation in speech perception, phoneme or distinctive feature. For this, we modified the visual search task(Treisman et al., 1992) developed to investigate the processing of visual features(ex. color, shape or their conjunction) for auditory stimuli. In our task, the distinctive features(ex. aspiration or coronal) corresponded to visual primitive features(ex. color and shape), and the phonemes(ex. /$t^h$/) to visual conjunctive features(ex. colored shapes). The automaticity is measured by the set size effect that was the increasing amount of reaction time when the number of distracters increased. Three experiments were conducted. The laryngeal features(experiment 1), the manner features(experiment 2), and the place features(experiment 3) were compared with phonemes. The results showed that the distinctive features are consistently processed faster and automatically than the phonemes. Additionally there were differences in the processing automaticity among the classes of distinctive features. The laryngeal features are the most automatic, the manner features are moderately automatic and the place features are the least automatic. These results are consistent with the previous studies(Bae et al., 2002; Bae, 2010) that showed the perceptual hierarchy of distinctive features.