• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2C
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• pp.37-47
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• 2012

In this study, three centrifuge tests were performed to evaluate the feasibility of three physical quantities for detecting internal defect of earth core fill dam: pore water pressure, temperature, and electrical resistance. For this purpose, the measurement system for pore water pressure, temperature and electrical resistance on centrifuge model dams was established. Three centrifuge tests included a fill dam without internal defect and two other dams with artificial internal defect in the core. The effectiveness of seepage monitoring was examined during the centrifuge test. Test results showed the applicability of monitoring techniques to detect internal defect by monitoring pore water pressure, temperature, and electrical resistance.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.65-78
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• 1996

The Chungpyung Dam is a 16 yearn old rock-fill dam for a Pumped storage hydro-Power plant, located in the middle of the Korean Peninsula. Since the dam is subjected to the daily water level fluctuation, such as rapid drawdown and refill, thus inducing a structural impact on the behavior of dam body, it draws attention of many engineering concerns. Traditionally, steady-state analysis was employed to investigate the seepage in the dam body, but in this study the seepage analysis was numerically performed by 2-D FEM thansient analysis. As a boundary condition for an analysis, the water level fluctuation was incorporated to simulate the daily change. As a res41t, the various seepage phenomena such as hydraulic gradient, seepage vector, and pore water pressure distribution were quantified at the corresponding time of interest as the water level rises and recedes. The seepage flux was also estimated and compared with the measured data which were both acceptable considering design criteria. The result proves that there is no sign of hazardous sources contributing to the possibility of piping, internal erosion and excess leakage through the dam body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.862-870
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• 2010

This thesis has been researched on optimized design method for the total cross section of embankment considering the fact that the size of embankment cross section is directly related with economic efficiency when dam designing. In general, embankment cross section of fill dam is either determined by cohesion and angle of internal friction, a strength parameter of embankment materials or by permeability of embankment. Therefore the size of embankment cross section depending on strength parameter of embankment materials was determined by using MIDAS-GTS program through stress-seepage coupled analysis at the time of fill dam design. As a result, determination of embankment cross section was more affected by the size of central core and permeability rather than by slope stability by shear strength and it was revealed that in case of embankment height being over 20m, stability against infiltration and slope action could be secured only when embankment slope is at least over 1:2.5. In addition, it was also revealed that in case of making the size of central core exceeding specification standard, total cross section of embankment could be reduced considerably and at the time of embankment design, adequate size and appropriateness of embankment cross section could be determined with referring the table suggested by this study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1985

This thesis, intended to establish the design criteria of core wall of a Fill Dam, has determined after a series of twenty one analytic experiments on the seepage flows in various types of core wall that the rates of rise and fall of the seepage flow changing in accordance with the variation of core wall cross section, which is to say, the transformation of slope inclination. Particularily the appropropriate design inclination was examined for the sloped core wall. Putting the resulting values into the existing approximate theoretical function has revealed the volume of theoretical seepage flows. With this result, the experiment values was compared and interestingly enough, a theoretical formula was found which is considered to be the nearest one to the resulting values of the experiment. It is also discussed in the papers that the seepage alignment and flows in the sloped core wall section that inclined to the upstream and the adoptability of the theoretical function which has been known up to present. Based on the above mentioned study it is anticipated that thesis should be available for determination of the cross section in the core wall design of a Fill Dam as large amount of references as it can be.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

Dam movements are identified in real-time with measuring instruments for dam maintenance. However, for dams that have aged, the measuring instruments that were installed during the dam construction are frequently malfunctioning or completely failing altogether. Precision safety diagnosis is being executed for dams that are national facilities Type 1. During the diagnosis, a safety assessment is conducted for the dam body. Normally, during the analysis of dam safety, the widest cross-section is selected and a two-dimensional numerical analysis is taken place for the cross-section. However, numerous researchers have recently looked into applying the 3-dimensional numerical analysis program developments to precisely analyze the structure of the dam, as well as the surrounding strata, and the lower dam strata. In this study, PLAXIS 3D, a geotechnical generic FEM analysis program, was used to conduct dam safety assessments for earthquakes. The following were compared and analyzed: considering the seismic properties of the dam body with all zoned structures reflected as one rock-fill zone together with the dam body, considering the dam body as the rock-fill zone and the core zone, and the numerical analysis results. Thus, the study was aimed to analyze the impact properties of seismic waves according to the different zones.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

In this study, the behavioral characteristics of the fill dam were analyzed during water level fluctuations through a numerical analysis model, and the reservoir safety management plan was prepared. The variation in plastic deviatoric strain, horizontal displacement, stress path, pore water pressure, etc., due to elevation of water level in the upper and lower sides of shell and core were analyzed using numerical analysis software, viz. GTS NX and LIQCA. The analysis results manifest that as the water level in the dam body increases rapidly, the pore water pressure and displacement also increase quickly. It was found that the elevation of the water level causes an increase in pore water pressure in the dam body as well as an increase in the saturation of the dam body and decreased effective stress. It is considered that this type of dam behavior can be the cause of the reduction of strength and stiffness of the dam. Also, it is assumed that the accumulated plastic deviatoric strain due to the deformation of the dam body caused by water infiltration causes an increase in displacement. Based on these experimental results and the results of analyses of the existing reservoir safety diagnosis techniques, an improvement plan for dam safety diagnosis and evaluation criteria was proposed, and these results can be used as primary data while revising dam safety diagnosis guidelines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.209-218
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• 2009

In this study, properties of shear wave velocity of core zone in filldams are analyzed. Shear wave velocity is derived using analysis of surface wave method that can be used nondestructively on the surface of filldams. These values are acquired through the tests for the core zone of six filldams by SASW and HWAW methods. Existing 2 more results are added. Shear wave velocity according to the depth and confining pressure are estimated, respectively. These analytical results are compared with the frequently used empirical method by Sawada and Takahashi.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-177
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior and to study the safety evaluation of the Unmun Dam located in Cheongdo-Gun of GyeongBuk Province, Korea. For this purpose, soil analyses including boring data, geophysical surveys were conducted. In this paper, especially many geophysical methods were adopted to configure out the subsurface situation of dam. Applied geophysical methods were: 1) electric resistivity survey, 2) high frequency magnetotelluric (HFMT) survey, 3) ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey, 4) seismic refraction survey, 5) seismic cross-hole tomography survey, and 6) high frequency impedance (ZHF) survey. Each of geophysical surveys were analyzed and joint analyses between geophysical surveys were also performed to deduce the more reliable subsurface information of Dam by using the features and characteristics of each geophysical survey. Since many defects, such as gravel and weathered rock blocks in the dam core, and lots of amounts of leakage, by boring analyses were found, reinforcement by compaction grouting system (CGS) has been conducted in some range of dam. Some geophysical data and data of geotechnical gauges were also used to confirm the effects of reinforcement. Electric resistivity, EM, GPR, ZHF, seismic refraction and seismic tomography surveys show that left side of dam is weak, which means the possibility of existence of gravel, rock block, water and cavities in the core of dam. This result coincides with the boring data. Especially, electric survey after reinforcement shows that even the right side of the dam has been deformed by the strong pressure during the reinforcement itself. As a conclusion, some problems in the dam found. Especially, the dam near spillway shows the high possibility of leakage. It should be pointed out that only the left side of he dam has not a leakage problem. As a whole, the dam has problems of weakness, because of unsatisfactory construction. It is strongly recommended that highly intensive monitoring is required.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.87-105
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• 2009

Nonlinear dynamic deformation characteristics, expressed in terms of normalized shear modulus reduction curve (G/$G_{max}-\log\gamma$, G/$G_{max}$ curve) and damping curve (D-$\log\gamma$), are important input parameters with shear wave velocity profile ($V_s$-profile) in the seismic analysis of (new or existing) fill dam. In this paper, the reasonable and economical methods to evaluate the nonlinear dynamic deformation characteristics for core zone and rockfill zone respectively are presented. For the core zone, 111 G/$G_{max}$ curves and 98 damping curves which meet the requirements of core material were compiled and representative curves and ranges were proposed for the three ranges of confining pressure (0~100 kPa, 100 kPa~200 kPa, more than 200 kPa). The reliability of the proposed curves for the core zone were verified by comparing with the resonant column test results of two kinds of core materials. For the rockfill zone, 135 G/$G_{max}$ curves and 65 damping curves were compiled from the test results of gravelly materials using large scale testing equipments. The representative curves and ranges for G/$G_{max}$ were proposed for the three ranges of confining pressure (0~50 kPa, 50 kPa~100 kPa, more than 100 kPa) and those for damping were proposed independently of confining pressure. The reliability of the proposed curves for the rockfill zone were verified by comparing with the large scale triaxial test results of rockfill materials in the B-dam which is being constructed.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-105
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• 2017

Monitoring is the most important part of the construction and operation of the embankment dams. Applied instruments in these dams should be determined based on dam requirements and specifications. Instruments selection considered as one of the most important steps of monitoring plan. Competent instruments selection for dams is very important, as inappropriate selection causes irreparable loss in critical condition. Lack of a systematic method for determining instruments has been considered as a problem for creating an efficient selection. Nowadays, decision making methods have been used widely in different sciences for optimal determination and selection. In this study, the Multi-Attribute Decision Making is applied by considering 9 criteria and categorisation of 8 groups of geotechnical instruments. Therefore, the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Multi-Criteria Optimisation and Compromise Solution methods are employed in order to determine the attributes' importance weights and to prioritise of instruments for embankment dams, respectively. This framework was applied for a rock fill with clay core dam. The results indicated that group decision making optimizes the selection and prioritisation of monitoring instruments for embankment dams, and selected instruments are reliable based on the dam specifications.