• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the utilizing of cool-season turfgrass in areas, excluding greens, of Korean golf courses. Data collected from 120 golf courses were subjected to frequency and T-test analysis using SPSSWIN. The results obtained were as follows: 1) seventy eight golf curses were utilizing cool-season turfgrass in areas except of the greens. At thirty five golf courses (46.0%) of them, the area utilized appeared tee, green collar, green approach etc. (tee>green collar>green approach). At 37 golf courses(48.7%), a mix of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass was utilized and the ratio of the mix was 70:30(v/v). At 57 golf courses(76.0%), seed sowing was utilized. 2) In Korean golf courses, the cognition of utilizing cool-season turfgrass depended on the existence of the practice. The cognition of the experienced was more´ affirmative´ than that of the inexperienced. 3) In the experienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality and good appearance and recuperative rate of cool-season turfgrass. In the inexperienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality god appearance. 4) The experienced recommended the mix of Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass. 5) It seems that the golf courses having used cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer while the golf courses without using cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer and the selection of turfgrass variety.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Cool-season turfgrass is a rapidly increasing of usage for the revegetation of waterside slopes in dams, lakes and rivers. The purpose of this research is to identify the flooding tolerance of cool-season turfgrass with respect to the flooding periods of 0(control), 2, 4 and 6 days, respectively. The surface coverage ratio, turfgrass injury and soil moisture content were measured to assess the flooding tolerance of cool-season turfgrass. The increase in the flooding periods with 4 and 6 days resulted in the lower surface coverage ratio for cool-season turfgrass while no significant difference was found in the 2 days flooding when compared to 0 day (the control plot) flooding plot. In case of the turfgrass injury and the soil moisture content, however, the higher values were found with the increase of flooding periods in 2, 4 to 6 days. We observed that the higher the turfgrass injury and soil moisture content increased, the lower the surface covrage ratio decreased. In these regards, we also observed that the tolerance of cool season turfgrass were high in the 2 days flooding condition, medium in the 4 days flooding condition and low in the 6 days flooding condition. The flooding tolerance of cool-season turfgrass was gradually weakened in over 2 days flooding periods due to $O_2$ deficiency in the anaerobic soil condition. Therefore, we could suggest cool-season turfgrass within 2 days flooding periods for the revegetation of waterside slopes in dams, lakes and rivers.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2003

Ecological control can contribute to the sustainibility of vegetation management systems by reducing the input currently derived from non-renewable fossil energy sources. The use of turfgrass mixtures is an important tool in turf management. Turfgrass mixtures of two or more compatible and adapted species provide improved tolerance to pest and environmental stress, more so than monostands. The objectives of this study were to evaluated turf insects, pests and zoysia large patch control by turgrass mixtures. In April 2001 and 2002, plots were inoculated with 50g of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2LP inoculum. Inoculum were treated within a 29cm diamater circle at Zoysia japonica, Zoysia japonica, Poa pratenis, or Festuca arundinacea mixtures. After four weeks, disease severity in each plot was determined. plot area visual ratings were assessed visually on a linera 0 to 100%. In August 2001 and October 2002, turf insects and pests in each plot were investigated in 10cm deep soil cores with 8cm diameters using hole cut. Zoysia large patch affected zoysiagrass monostands more severly than zoysiagrass and cool-season turfgrasses mixtures. It was suggested that the barrier effect of cool-season turfgrass suppressed zoysia large patch in the mixture of zoysiagrass and cool-season turfgrasses. Also, warm-season and cool-season turfgrasses mixtures suppressed insect populations more efficiently than warm-season turfgrass monostands.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

본 연구는 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디의 혼식구의 5년간에 걸친 초종 구성비율의 경년변화를 조사하여 안정성이 높은 초종 품종의 조합을 밝히고 시비법이 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디 초종의 구성비율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 한지형 잔디를 혼식하여 5년째인 시점에서 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디 혼식구의 초종 구성비율은 센티페드그래스와 버팔로그래스와의 혼식구를 제외하고는 들잔디, 세인트어거스틴그래스, 버뮤다그래스는 대체적으로 반반 정도의 비교적 안정된 혼식비율을 유지하고 있었다. 이들 초종들은 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디의 혼식을 위한 이용적성이 높은 것으로 사료된다. 그러나, 센티페드그래스와의 혼식구에서는 센티페드그래스가 버팔로그래스와의 혼식구에서는 한지형 잔디가 우점하여 이들 난지형 잔디는 한지형 잔디와의 혼식에 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디 혼식구의 시비는 난지형 잔디가 휴면중인 시기에 실시하면 한지형 잔디가 우점하게 되는 경향을 보여 난지형 잔디의 생육기인 4~8월 사이에 실시하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 이들 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디 혼식구는 장기간에 걸쳐 안정적으로 일정한 초종 구성비율이 유지되는 것이 중요하기 때문에 앞으로도 계속적인 조사가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.330-334
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• 2016

In 2010, disease symptoms, including necrotic lesions on stems and leaves with circular yellow-brown or irregular brown color patches, were observed on cool-season turfgrass at golf courses (OHCC) and the Daegu University research farm in Gyeongbuk, Korea. We isolated the causal agent and identified it as Waitea circinata var. zeae by morphological characterization and molecular analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of brown patch caused by W. circinata var. zeae on cool-season turfgrass in Korea.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out the effect of cool-season turfgrass overseeding onto zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica L.) for extending green color and solving traffic problem during dormant periods. Overseeding rates of cool-season turfgrasses were $10g/m^2$ of Kentucky bluegrass(KB1), $20g/m^2$of Kentucky b1uegrass(KB2), $60g/m^2$ of perennial ryegrass(PR), $80g/m^2$ of Tall fescue(TF), and $10g/m^2$ of Kentucky bluegrass + $10g/m^2$ of perennial ryegrass mixture(KB+PR) onto 2m${\times}$2m(width${\times}$length) zoysiagrass plots with 3 replications.1 to 9-sca1e of visual quality and visual color were measured after treatment, Consequently cool-season turfgrass overseeding gave a good performances of extending the green periods and enhancing the turf grass quality. KB1 and KB2 were found to be excellent performances for visual quality and visual color compared to PR, TF, KB+PR and control. KB2 showed better turf performances than KB1 within Kentucky bluegrass overseedings. Turfgrass color was kept up for 10 months by overseeding of cool-season turfgrasses(KB1, KB2, PR, TP, KB+PR) compared to about 5~6 months by zoysiagrass(Control). The visual quality and visual color of PR and TF showed good performances during a green-up period of spring, but decreasing tendencies through the summer.Percent diseases data revealed also higher ratings for PR and TF compared to for KB1 and KB2.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate physical properties of soil and turfgrass wear characteristics within turfgrasses inside or outside the stadium A 1/1000 scale model Inchon world cup soccer d[me was constructed for this test. Turfgrasses planted inside and outside the model dome were; Kentucky bluegrass(KB), Kentucky bluegrass + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+PR), Kentucky bluegrass + tall fescue + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+TF+PR), Zoysia japonica 'Anyangjungzii'(ZA) and Zoysia japonica 'Zenith\`(ZZ). The rootzone was constructed by the multi-layer method (United States Golf Association method). Traffic on turfgrasses was treated with a 120kg roller. Surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values on cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) was found to be better for soccer play compared to zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ). No big differences in surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values were found between inside and outside of the model dome. Wear damage on cool-season grasses caused by the traffic treatment was low compared to zoysiagrasses. However, there was no difference in wear damage by the traffic treatment within cool-season grasses while wear damage on ZA was higher than on ZZ within zoysiagrasses. It could be concluded that physical properties and wear characteristics on cool-season grasses were much better for soccer play than on zoysiagrasses.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2015

유기질비료의 원료를 이용하여 한지형 잔디의 종자 파종후 피복율, 생육 및 질의 증진을 위한 유지질비료 제제를 개발하였다. 개발 제제는 한지형 잔디의 생육에 필수적인 무기영양소와 유기물을 함유하고 있다. 유기질비료로 개발한 제제는 4종류로 creeping bentgrass "Penn-A1" 품종과 Kentucky bluegrass 혼합품종(Midnight 33%, Moonlight 33%와 Prosperity 33%)의 종자를 파종 후 50일에 1회 토양 시비로 시험하였다. creeping bentgrass와 Kentucky bluegrass의 피복율, 생장(생장지수) 및 잔디의 질은 2013년 가을부터 2014년 봄철기간 동안 경시적으로 평가를 하였다. 개발제제의 파종 후 1회 토양살포로 잔디 피복율, 잔디 엽색, 엽록소 함량 및 생장에서 통계적인 유의성의 차이를 보였다. creeping bentgrass와 Kentucky bluegrass의 피복율, 엽록소 함량, 잔디 엽색 및 생장은 봄철 6회 조사까지 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 이 결과에 의하면 일부 개발 제제의 사용은 한자형 잔디의 뗏장잔디의 생산과 잔디관리에 도움의 줄 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2003

본 연구는 난지형 잔디인 버뮤다그래스와 한지형 잔디인 켄터키블루그래스 혹은 톨페스큐와의 혼식에 의한 내답압성의 향상효과를 검토하였다. 또한, 내답압성에 미치는 고무칩의 효과 및 한국잔디류(Zosia spp.)의 답압에 대한 품종간의 차이 등을 조사하였다. 여름철의 답압 실험에서는 버뮤다그래스 단식구보다 한지형잔디의 혼식구가 지상부의 녹엽면적율이 높게 유지하고 있었다. 또한 겨울철의 답압 실험에서는 버뮤다 단식구는 나지화가 크게 진행하였으나, 한지형 잔디와의 혼식구에서는 전혀 나지화 현상이 발생하지 않았다. 겨울철의 답압 처리 후 토양의 가비중을 조사한 결과, 버뮤다그래스 단식구에서는 증가하였지만, 한지형 잔디와의 혼식구에서는 증가하지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디를 혼식함으로써 연간을 통하여 잔디의 내답압성 향상 효과가 나타났다. 또한 잔디의 손상을 완화하는 물리적 보조수단인 고무칩을 지표면에 산포하는 방법도 내답압성을 향상시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 단기간의 답압실험에서도 단식구와 혼식구, 품종 및 고무칩 산포에 의한 차이를 보이고 있어, 좀더 다양한 방법으로 장기간에 걸친 답압실험이 이루어져야할 것이다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of roof membrane on light environment that influence on turfgrass growth under domed stadium. Roof structure on experimental plot was constructed with PTFE and PE same as Busan Asiad Main Stadium. Tested turfgrass species were combinations of cool-season grasses(Kentucky Bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, $KBG80+PR20\%,\;KBG33+PR33+Fine fescue33\%)$ and warm-season grasses(zoysiagrass, 'An-yang middle-leaf, 'Zenith', Bermudagrass) established with seeding or sodding. The experimental set-up and research work were initiated November 1999 and finished on August 2000 at near Busan Asiad Main Stadium. By the result of computer simulation of daylight radiant energies on the turf surface were lower than needs of normal sport turf growth. The shortage of radiant resulted pest infection on cool-season grass mixture compared with warm-season. But turf color and density showed the best results on Kentucky bluegrass or its mixture plot. Over all the results showed that the best quality of turfgrass growth was occurred on full sun area, and the next was under PTFE membrane. The application of artificial lighting system may increase the turfgrass growth under domed stadium(partially) covered with roof membrane.