• Computers and Concrete
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.307-328
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• 2024

The concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model is widely used to simulate concrete behaviour using either implicit or explicit analysis methods. To effectively execute the models and resolve convergence issues in implicit analysis, activating the viscosity parameter of this material model is a common practice. Despite the frequent application of implicit analysis to analyse concrete structures with the CDP model, the viscosity parameter significantly varies among available models and lacks consistency. The adjustment of the viscosity parameter at the element/structural level disregards its indirect impact on the material. Therefore, the accuracy of the numerical model is confined to the validated range and might not hold true for other values, often explored in parametric studies subsequent to validations. To address these challenges and develop a unified numerical model for varied conditions, a quasi-static analysis using the explicit solver was conducted in this study. Fifteen thick flat plates tested under load control with different geometries and different eccentric loads were considered to verify the accuracy of the model. The study first investigated various concrete material behaviours under compression and tension as well as the concrete tensile strength to identify the most reliable models from previous methodologies. The study compared the results using both implicit and explicit analysis. It was found that, in implicit analysis, the viscosity parameter should be as low as 0.0001 to avoid affecting material properties. However, at the structural level, the optimum value may need adjustment between 0.00001 to 0.0001 with changing geometries and loading type. This observation raises concerns about further parametric study if the specific value of the viscosity parameter is used. Additionally, activating the viscosity parameter in load control simulations confirmed its inability to capture the peak load. Conversely, the unified explicit model accurately simulated the behaviour of the test specimens under varying geometries, load eccentricities, and column sizes. This study recommends restricting implicit solutions to the viscosity values proposed in this research. Alternatively, for highly nonlinear problems under load control simulation, explicit analysis stands as an effective approach, ensuring unified parameters across a wide range of applications without convergence problems.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

In today's rapidly changing and increasingly competitive business environment, new product development in tune with market trends in a timely manner has been a matter of the utmost concern for all enterprises. Indeed, developing a sustainable new business has been a top priority for not only business enterprises, but also for the government policy makers accountable for the health of Its national economy as well as for decision makers in what type of organizations. Further, for a soft landing of new businesses, building a government-initiated industry base has been claimed to be necessary as a way to effectively boost corporate activities. However, the existing methodology in new service and new product development is not suitable for nurturing industry, because it is mainly focused on the research and development of corporate business activities instead of new product development. The approach for developing new business is based on 'innovation' and 'convergence.' Yet, the convergence among technologies, supplies, businesses and industries is believed to be more effective than innovation alone as a way to gain momentum. Therefore, it has become more important than ever to study a new methodology based on convergence in industrial quality new product development (NPD) and new service development (NDS). In this research, therefore, we reviewed any restrictions in the existing new product and new service development methodology and the existing business model development methodology. In doing so, we conducted industry standard collaboration analysis on a new service model development methodology in the private sector and the public sector. This approach is fundamentally different from the existing one in that ours focuses on new business development under private management. The suggested framework can be categorized into industry level and service level. First, in the industry level, we define new business opportunities In occurrence of convergence between businesses. For this, we analyze the existing industry at the industry level to identify the opportunities in a market and its business attractiveness, based on which the convergence industry is formulated. Also, through the analysis of environment and market opportunity at the industry level. we can trace how different industries are lined to one another so as to extend the result of the study to develop better insights into industry expansion and new industry emergence. After then, in the service level, we elicit the service for the defined new business, which is composed of private service and supporting service for nurturing industry. Private service includes 3steps: plan-design-do; supporting service for nurturing industry has 4 steps: selection-make environment- business preparation-do and see. The existing methodology focuses on mainly securing business competitiveness, building a business model for success, and offering new services based on the core competence of companies. This suggested methodology, on other hand, suggests the necessity of service development, when new business opportunities arise, in relation to the opportunity analysis of supporting service based on the clear understanding of new business supporting infrastructure optimization. Meanwhile, we have performed case studies on the printing and publishing field with the restrict procedure and development system to assure the feasibility and practical application. Even though the printing and publishing industry is considered a typical knowledge convergence industry, it is also known as a low-demand and low-value industry in Korea. For this reason, we apply the new methodology and suggest the direction and the possibility of how the printing and publishing industry can be transformed as a core dynamic force for new growth. Then, we suggest the base composition service for industry promotion(public) and business opportunities for private's profitability(private).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.359-374
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• 2020

This study is a complex type consisting of survey study and self-study. The former investigated elementary teachers' epistemological beliefs on convergence knowledge and teaching. As a representative of the result of survey study I, as a teacher as well as a researcher, was the participant of the self-study, which investigated my epistemological belief on convergence knowledge and teaching and my execution of convergent science teaching based on family resemblance of mathematics, science, and physical education. A set of open-ended written questionnaires was administered to 28 elementary teachers. Participating teachers considered convergent teaching as discipline-using or multi-disciplinary teaching. They also have epistemological beliefs in which they conceived convergence knowledge as aggregation of diverse disciplinary knowledge and students could get it through their own problem solving processes. As a teacher and researcher I have similar epistemological belief as the other teachers. During the self-study, I tried to apply convergence knowledge system based on the family resemblance analysis among math, science, and PE to my teaching. Inter-disciplinary approach to convergence teaching was not easy for me to conduct. Mathematical units, ratio and rate were linked to science concept of velocity so that it was effective to converge two disciplines. Moreover PE offered specific context where the concepts of math and science were connected convergently so that PE facilitated inter-disciplinary convergent teaching. The gaps between my epistemological belief and inter-disciplinary convergence knowledge based on family resemblance and the cases of how to bridge the gap by my experience were discussed.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-47
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• 2009

Many products today tend to adopt a convergence approach by adding new features or functionalities to the existing products. The convergence, however, results in both positive and negative effects on usage of products, and thus demonstrates the characteristics called "paradox of technology." On the one hand, the added functionalities or features will increase the usefulness of the products. On the other hand, the convergence increases complexity of learning and usage of products and may decrease satisfaction or user evaluations. This study provides an empirical evidence of this paradox through investigation of telematics, one of the exemplary products of convergence services. Our research model is designed to test the existence of the "paradox of technology" and includes variables such as variety of functions, complexity of usage, perceived usefulness, service evaluation, and service fit. The proposed research model and subsequent hypotheses are empirically tested using 149 survey responses from telematics users. We have found that the variety of functions is positively associated with perceived usefulness, but is negatively associated with the complexity of usage. The data analysis reveals that the perceived usefulness has more significant impacts on service evaluation than the complexity of usage does. Furthermore, the strength of causal relationships among these variables is partially moderated by the degree of service fit. This study thus highlights the paradox of technology in explaining user attitudes and beliefs associated with convergence services.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

With the rise of internet of things (IoT), there have been several studies to analyze the technological trend and technological convergence. However, previous work have been relied on the qualitative work that investigate the IoT trend and implication for future business. In response, this study considers the patent information as the proxy measure of technology, and conducts a quantitative and analytic approach for analyzing technological convergence using patent co-classification analysis and text mining. First, this study investigate the characteristics of IoT business, and characterize IoT business into four dimensions: device, network, platform, and services. After this process, total 923 patent classes are classified into four types of IoT technology group. Since most of patent classes are classified into device technology, we developed a co-classification network for both device technology and all technologies. Patent keywords are also extracted and these keywords are also classified into four types: device, network, platform, and services. As a result, technologies for several IoT devices such as sensors, healthcare, and energy management are derived as a main convergence group for the device network. For the total IoT network, base network technology plays a key role to characterize technological convergence in the IoT network, mediating the technological convergence in each application area such as smart healthcare, smart home, and smart grid. This work is expected to effectively be utilized in the technology planning of IoT businesses.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2012

As the global market becomes more competitive, manufacturing industries face relentless pressure caused by a growing tendency of greater varieties of products, shorter manufacturing cycles and more sophisticated customer requirements. Efficient and effective supplier selection and order allocation decisions are, therefore, important decisions for a manufacturer to ensure stable material flows in a highly competitive supply chain, in particular, when customers are willing to accept products with less desirable product attributes (e.g., color, delivery date) for economic reasons. This paper attempts to solve optimally the challenging problem of supplier selection and order allocation, taking into consideration the customer flexibility for a manufacturer producing multi-products to satisfy the customers' demands in a multi period planning horizon. A new mixed integer programming model is developed to describe the behavior of the supply chain. The objective is to maximize the manufacturer's total profit subject to various operating constraints of the supply chain. Due to the complexity and non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard nature of the problem, an improved genetic approach is proposed to solve the problem optimally. This approach differs from a canonical genetic algorithm in three aspects: a new selection method to reduce the chance of premature convergence and two problem-specific repair heuristics to guarantee feasibility of the solutions. The results of applying the proposed approach to solve a set of randomly generated test problems clearly demonstrate its excellent performance. When compared with applying the canonical genetic algorithm to locate optimal solutions, the average improvement in the solution quality amounts to as high as ten percent.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 2013

Team collaboration is becoming commonplace and it is spotlighted in agile software development projects as well. More efficient teamwork in terms of effective team operation and project performance is very important. Heuristic software development staffing method has been used, but algorithm approach is needed to compensate for it. In this paper, we propose a mathematical approaches for staffing developers in teamwork-based software development projects. This consist of six process, and activities in each processor is defined as a mathematical function placement, and functional deployment matrix is used. A case study is presented in order to prove the usefulness of this approach. This paper is a significant research because a mathematical approach of work assignment is developed for human resources by quantitative logic and it deviate from intuitive or heuristic methods used previously.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.519-526
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• 2016

This study aims to verify the relationship between achievement goal orientation and life satisfaction. It consists of 450 athletes from high school, university, and professional teams as an object. After examining reliability and validity on questionnaires, the data, based on gender, was evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The result says that male athletes have higher scores in Mastery approach and Performance approach - two of the four achievement motivation factors - which means a meaningful difference between gender. Life satisfaction also shows that male players have more satisfaction and indicates a big difference between gender. Finally, according to the multiple regression analysis on the Athlete's achievement goal orientation and life satisfaction, Mastery approach affects statically but Mastery avoidance does negatively on athlete's life satisfaction. The gender-based relationship between Athlete's achievement goal orientation and life satisfaction reveals that mastery approach gives positive effects on life satisfaction for both genders, but mastery avoidance influences negatively on male and female life satisfaction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

Intellectual property rights play a key role in employment creation and income generation plays an important role, especially in the creative economy. Many companies are ultimately increasing efforts to boost the company's financial performance, such as maximizing profits by building a strong brand assets amid committed to brand management in this paradigm. Reasonable evaluation and commercialization of technology transactions, financial assistance, investment decisions, trademark brand value for the reactivation (revitalizing) for the purposes of M & A, litigation, brand strategy will be said to be very important. In spite of the importance, the awareness of the property and the capabilities to assess are hardly sufficient. Thus, this study, targeting companies with valid trademarks for value assessment, conducted case analysis by cost method and income approach; the analysis presented the result from 2.05 million by the cost method to 2.7 million by the income approach applied to a variable discount rate and adjustment contribution. However, now that the implication was drawn from a single company, further studies covering case study and application plan according to scale and type of diverse company groups should be continued.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.381-407
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• 2018

This paper presents a hybrid numerical approach, which combines a two-phase Navier-Stokes model (NS) and the fully nonlinear potential theory (FNPT), for modelling wave-structure interaction. The former governs the computational domain near the structure, where the viscous and turbulent effects are significant, and is solved by OpenFOAM/InterDyMFoam which utilising the finite volume method (FVM) with a Volume of Fluid (VOF) for the phase identification. The latter covers the rest of the domain, where the fluid may be considered as incompressible, inviscid and irrotational, and solved by using the Quasi Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element method (QALE-FEM). These two models are weakly coupled using a zonal (spatially hierarchical) approach. Considering the inconsistence of the solutions at the boundaries between two different sub-domains governed by two fundamentally different models, a relaxation (transitional) zone is introduced, where the velocity, pressure and surface elevations are taken as the weighted summation of the solutions by two models. In order to tackle the challenges associated and maximise the computational efficiency, further developments of the QALE-FEM have been made. These include the derivation of an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian FNPT and application of a robust gradient calculation scheme for estimating the velocity. The present hybrid model is applied to the numerical simulation of a fixed horizontal cylinder subjected to a unidirectional wave with or without following current. The convergence property, the optimisation of the relaxation zone, the accuracy and the computational efficiency are discussed. Although the idea of the weakly coupling using the zonal approach is not new, the present hybrid model is the first one to couple the QALE-FEM with OpenFOAM solver and/or to be applied to numerical simulate the wave-structure interaction with presence of current.