• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2014

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the dietary effects of conventional or lutein fortified chlorella on lutein absorptions, the tissue distributions and the changes in lutein content of eggs in laying hens. In Exp 1, a total of one hundred and fifty, 70 wk-old Hy-Line brown layers were divided into three groups with five replicates and fed with each experiment diet (control diet, diet with 1% conventional chlorella or lutein fortified chlorella) for 2 wk, respectively. The egg production in groups fed diets containing both chlorella powders were higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). With chlorella supplementations, the yolk color significantly increased, although there were no significant differences in the eggshell qualities. The lutein contents of serum, liver and growing oocytes were greatly increased by feeding conventional or lutein fortified chlorella (p<0.01). In Exp. 2, a total of ninety 60 wk-old Hy-Line brown layers were assigned into three groups with three replicates per group (10 birds per replicate). The birds were fed with one of three experimental diets (0, 0.1 or 0.2% lutein fortified chlorella) for 2 wk, respectively. The egg production was not affected by dietary treatments. The egg weight in the group fed with diet containing 0.2% of lutein fortified chlorella was higher than that of the control (p<0.05). As the dietary chlorella levels increased, the daily egg mass linearly increased, although not significantly. The yolk colors in groups fed diets containing lutein fortified chlorella were dramatically increased as compared to the control (p<0.001). The lutein in chicken eggs significantly increased when fed with 0.2% of lutein fortified chlorella (p<0.01). These results suggested that the dietary lutein derived from chlorella was readily absorbed into the serum and absorbed by the liver with growing oocyte for commercial laying hens. Particularly, the lutein fortified chlorella was a valuable natural source for the production of lutein enriched chicken eggs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2006

구형 단세포 녹조류이며 건강식품인 chlorella를 첨가하여 일반가공치즈의 기호도와 유사한 chlorella가공치즈를 제조한 후 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 일반성분 및 pH는 전통적인 일반가공치즈의 정상적인 데이터로 안정성이 있는 품질특성을 나타내었다. 미생물은 모든 실험구에서 검출되지 않아 건강에 유해한 영향을 유발하지 않았다. 지방분리는 실험구간 품질차이가 발생하지 않았고 용융성은 chlorella 첨가량이 증가할수록 점진적으로 감소하였으나(p<0.05) 모두 품질에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 물성학적 특성은 hardness와 springiness가 유의적인(p<0.05) 증가로 조직감 개선의 효과가 나타났다. 색도는 chlorella 고유의 색상인 녹황색으로 인해 모든 실험구가 대조구와 극히 유의하였다(p<0.05). 관능검사 중 color 및 mouth feel은 대조구와 모든 실험구가 유의성(p<0.05)이 있었으나 상품성 측면에서 CPC1이 적합하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 실험구 중 CPC1이 전통적인 일반가공치즈의 품질특성을 유지하며 기호성 상품성 시장성이 우수한 건강지향적인 chlorella가공치즈의 개발 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1059-1072
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• 2018

Bioremediation has been recognized as a suitable alternative to conventional methods of removing contaminants, and it uses fungi, bacteria and microalgae. In contrast to other organisms, microalgae are unique in that they have the ability to perform photosynthesis like plants and to utilize organic/inorganic carbon substrates, in a process called phytoremediation. Microalgae can populate a reaction site rapidly and enhance the bioremediation efficiency. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was used to evaluate the removal potentials of the nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu and Zn) from swine wastewater. The optimum growth conditions for Chlorella vulgaris and the removal potentials of N, P, Cu, and Zn from synthetic wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. Based on the results, the applicability of this microalga to on-site wastewater treatment was examined. Optimal growth conditions for Chlorella vulgaris were established to be $28^{\circ}C$, a pH of 7, and light and dark cycles of 14:10 h. As the concentrations of the nutrients were increased, the efficiencies of N and P removal efficiencies by Chlorella vulgaris were decreased in the single and binary mixed treatments of the nutrients, respectively. Further, the efficiencies of Cu and Zn removal also decreased as the heavy metals concentrations added were increased, both in the single and binary mixed treatments. In addition, the efficiency of Cu removal was higher than that of Zn removal. Our results indicate that Chlorella vulgaris could be used in treatment plants for the removal of nutrients and heavy metals from swine wastewater.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

Various single solvents were tested to find the effective solvent for the extraction of algae oil from wet-form Chlorella minutissima. In the case of single solvents, their extractabilities for algae oil were increased with their polarity because the water in wet algae cell is to form a solvent shell around the lipids. Based on these results, the wet-form algae samples were treated with a polar alcohol solvent and then a nonpolar solvent was added in algae residue. In the algae oil extraction by ethanol/n-hexane, total lipid contents were 40-50% and composition of triglyceride in extracted oil was 46.50%. Considering solvent toxicity of conventional solvent mixture such as chloroform and methanol for algae oil extraction, the ethanol/n-hexane system was identified as the effective one for the oil extraction from wet-form Chlorella minutissima.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2020

Chlorella sp. HS2, which previously showed excellent performance in phototrophic cultivation and has tolerance for wide ranges of salinity, pH, and temperature, was cultivated heterotrophically. However, this conventional medium has been newly optimized based on a composition analysis using elemental analysis and ICP-OES. In addition, in order to maintain a favorable dissolved oxygen level, stepwise elevation of revolutions per minute was adopted. These optimizations led to 40 and 13% increases in the biomass and lipid productivity, respectively (7.0 and 2.25 g l^-1d^-1 each). To increase the lipid content even further, 12 h heat shock at 50℃ was applied and this enhanced the biomass and lipid productivity up to 4 and 17% respectively (7.3 and 2.64 g l^-1d^-1, each) relative to the optimized conditions above, and the values were 17 and 14% higher than ordinary lipid-accumulating N-limitation (6.2 and 2.31 g l^-1d^-1). On this basis, heat shock was successfully adopted in novel Chlorella sp. HS2 cultivation as a lipid inducer for the first time. Considering its fast and cost-effective characteristics, heat shock will enhance the overall microalgal biofuel production process.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.647-652
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the heavy metal removal and biomass productivity in the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using eggshell and microalgae. The experiment was operated 6 days in the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system, and using eggshell powder and microalgae as Chlorella vulgaris. The obtained result indicated that the biomass productivity of 2.82 g/L/d from 1.12 g/L initial concentration in 6 days was reached with light transmittance of 97% at a 305 mm depth in the optical panel photobioreactor (OPPBR). The total removal efficiency of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd was found to be 98.92%, 99.91%, 98.78%, 88.99% and 98.00% in the AMD using eggshell and Chlorella vulgaris hybrid system, respectively. Additionally, there were significant relationships between biomass and concentration of each heavy metal ($R^2$ = 0.8771, 0.8643, 0.8669, 0.9134 and 0.6277 for Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd). These results indicated that the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system was highly effective for heavy metal removal when compared to the conventional biological process in the AMD. Therefore, the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system was effective for heavy metal removal and biomass productivity and can be applied to treat AMD in treatment plant.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina is known to produce high levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) when fed on diverse algal prey. However, large-scale culturing of algal prey species is not easy and requires a large amount of budget, and thus more easily cultivable and low-cost prey is required. Dried yeast was selected as a strong candidate for an alternative prey in our preliminary tests. Thus, we explored the fatty acid composition and DHA production of O. marina fed on dried yeast and compared these results to those of O. marina fed on two algal prey species: the phototrophic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae and chlorophyte Chlorella sp. powder. O. marina fed on dried yeast, which does not contain DHA, produced the same high level of DHA as those fed on DHA-containing A. carterae. This indicates that O. marina is likely to produce DHA by itself regardless of prey items. Furthermore, the DHA content (and portion of total fatty acid methyl esters) of O. marina satiated with dried yeast, 52.40 pg per cell(and 25.9%), was considerably greater than that of O. marina fed on A. carterae (26.91 pg per cell; 15.7%) or powder of Chlorella sp. powder (21.24 pg per cell; 16.7%). The cost of dried yeast (approximately 10 US dollars for 1 kg dried yeast) was much lower than that of obtaining the algal prey (approximately 160 US dollars for 1 kg A. carterae). Therefore, compared to conventional algal prey, dried yeast is a more easily obtainable and lower-cost prey for use in the production of DHA by O. marina.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.920-926
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• 2010

본 연구는 단단한 세포벽을 이루고 있어 지질 추출 및 유용 물질의 용출이 어려운 C. vulgaris를 이용하여, 1200 psi의 압력으로 1회 및 2회의 homogenization 전 처리가 이루어 졌으며, chloroform-methanol 혼합 용액으로 기존 $65^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 짧은 시간(1 hr) 동안 비등이 이루어지던 것과는 달리, $35^{\circ}C$ 온도조건에서 적정시간(5 hr) 동안 교반하는 최적용매추출법으로 얻어낸 지질 추출 부산물에 대한 식품영양학적 가치 평가와 세포독성, 면역 활성 탐색을 통하여 식품첨가물로 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 일반성분 및 무기질, 아미노산 함량 분석결과 대부분의 유용 물질의 용출량이 증가하였으며, 특히 HCM-35는 총 열량의 감소와 함께 carbohydrate와 crude protein이 각각 30.8%, 56.8%로 높았으며, 그 외 필수 mineral 및 아미노산 함량의 증가를 통하여 다이어트 및 건강식품 첨가물로서 높은 가치를 확인했다. 또한, 정상세포(HEK293, HEL299)에 대한 세포독성은 16% 이하로 낮으며, 면역증진 효과를 분석한 결과 면역 B세포와 T세포에서 각각 $12.8\times10^4$ cells/mL, $11.9\times10^4$ cells/mL로 6일째 가장 높은 생육도를 보였으며, 추출 전 C. vulgaris와 비교하여 큰 차이가 없었다. C. vulgaris의 부산물은 높은 식품학적 및 생리활성 가치가 있다고 사료되며, 부산물의 소재화 가치가 높고, 특히 식품첨가물 이용 시, 다이어트 및 면역 기능을 통한 건강 향상이 기대된다. 또한 색깔, 매끈한 정도, 향기에 관한 관능 성 평가에서 높은 점수를 나타내어, 다이어트 및 건강보조식품 첨가물로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 더 나아가 이와 같은 부산물 이용은 환경 친화적 자원 내 에너지 절약형 산업으로 환경오염문제 해결 및 산업구조 고도화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2004

Batch experiment에서 다양한 질소 농도에서 구해진 질소제거 속도와 비 생장속도 등의 데이터를 토대로 4.6일의 체류시간을 갖는 2단 처리 장치를 설계하였다. 그리고 continuous experiments에서는 3.5일의 체류시간을 갖는 2단의 처리 장치를 설계하였다. 두 가지 값에 차이는 있지만 실제 현장에서 폐수 처리 장치를 설계할 때 충분한 자료가 되리라고 판단한다. 따라서 위의 결과를 토대로 기존 시스템에 미세조류 시스템을 부가한다면 기존공정의 단점인 잉여질소 제거 장치로서 충분히 역할을 수행해 배출 기준치를 만족시키는 안전한 폐수처리장치가 되리라고 판단한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 새로운 제형 클로렐라제품의 정확한 총 엽록소 정량시험법을 마련하기 위해 새로운 제형 중 Syrup과 Candy 두 가지 제형의 제품을 마련하여 현행 공전방법을 적용한 함량 비교시험을 하였고 보다 정확한 결과 값을 나타낸 제1법인 pyridine 추출법의 전 처리방법을 개선하기 위하여 alkari성 pyridine으로 시료에서 엽록소를 추출하기 위하여 30분간 방치하고, 15분간 가온 할 때 초음파 처리를 병행하는 방법을 개발하여 그 결과 값의 정확성, 정밀성을 검토하였고 또 matrix sparking에 의한 정밀성과 재현성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 액상제품의 경우 pyridin 추출법과 acetone 추출법의 결과 값 CV는 18.82와 40.00, 이론치에 대한 결과 값이 106.3%와 78.1%로 상당한 차이를 보였다. Pyridin 추출법과 pyridin 추출법에 초음파 전 처리를 추가한 결과는 $27.2{\pm}5.12\;mg$/100 g와 $25.0{\pm}2.84\;mg$/100 g로 표준편차가 상당히 줄어들었고 CV도 18.82에서 11.36으로 상당히 줄어들었다. 이론치 대비율도 106.3%와 97.7%로 pyridin-초음파 추출방법이 보다 이론치에 근접한 것으로 나타났으며 회수율 측정을 하기 위하여 pyridin-초음파 추출법에 matrix spiking 한 결과도 표준편차, CV값과 이론치 대비율이 모두 향상된 결과를 나타내었다. 고형제품의 경우도 pyridin 추출법과 acetone 추출법의 결과 값 CV는 7.05와 30.00, 이론치에 대한 결과 값이 62.7%와 40%로 상당한 차이를 보였다. Pyridin 추출법과 pyridin 추출법에 초음파 전처리를 추가한 결과는 $62.7{\pm}4.42\;mg$/100 g와 $99.4{\pm}4.06\;mg$/100 g로 표준편차가 상당히 줄어들었고 CV값도 7.05에서 4.08로 상당히 줄어들었다. 이론치 대비율도 62.7%에서 99.4%로 pyridin-초음파 추출법이 명확하게 이론치에 근접한 것으로 나타났으며 회수율 측정을 하기 위하여 pyridin-초음파 추출법에 matrix spiking 한 결과도 표준편차, CV값과 이론치 대비율 모두 향상된 결괴를 나타내었다.