• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.866-871
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• 1994

B-spline curves and surfaces are effective solutions for design and modelling of the freeform models. The control methods of these are using with control points, knot vectors and weight of NURBS. Using control point is easy and resonable for representation of general models. But the movement of control points bring out the reformation of original convex hull. The B-splines with nonuniform knot vector provide good result of the shape modification without convex hull reforming. B-splines are constructed with control points and basis functions. Nonuniform knot vectors effect on the basis functions. And the blending curves describe the prorities of knot vectors. Applying of these, users will forecast of the reformed curves after modifying controllabler primitives.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.10 no.1 s.19
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• pp.83-90
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• 2002

Control point survey by GPS can save labor and time and can obtain result of high accuracy, but if excessive error is contained to Control point that is used to GPS relative positioning, the error that has influence on new point is propagated to various configuration. therefore poor triangulation points that are caused by careless management are existed, a product of the triangulation points still are in many case. In order to select new point, this study carried out error-analysis of surrounding-control-points and performed selective process of control point. The propriety parts of control points that are used to verify precision is identified by means of comparing existing product with or GPS product about some control points after directly observe each baseline by using EDM. As the error is analyzed by static positioning the optimum control point is selected, the precision of survey data by EDM is improved than GPS data.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.5-26
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• 2012

This study is to find the new method for authority control in Korea by surveying status of authority control in university libraries and by analyzing international conceptual model of authority control and VIAF. 2 kinds of survey were done: one is for libraries having authority records and the other is for libraries not having authority records. In survey result, libraries that have authority records want to sustain their own forms of authorized access points and libraries that have no authority records want the rules related to authority and the national cooperative authority control system to be constructed. Based on ICP 2009, FRAD conceptual model, VIAF and this survey result, new authority control is to respect the diversity of forms of the authorized access points. New authority control is to permit authority records that reflect provision for linguistic or cultural environments of each library, confirming to the national cataloging code. Therefore, authorized access points will be displayed according to user preferred forms. For this new authority control, it is needed to make national authority rule, to build the authority records according to library's own rules, and to construct the cooperative authority control system. Also for user preferred authority control, it is needed to describe detailed elements for authority control and relation data between authorized access points, between authorized access points and variant forms. This study could contribute to suggest new authority control that could accept all kinds of authorized access points preferred by nation, libraries, and users.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.237-249
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• 2007

There are about 22,000 national control points throughout this nation. However, in order to identify the location data of a national control point, a control point result table is needed. And although the control points are important national facilities, due to the fact that these points located at remote areas such as on top of mountains, the facilities are being maintained via on-site inspection without any protections around them. In this research, by taking the locations where the control points are placed into consideration, a specialized RFID tags that can be attached to the national control point's marker has been developed, and CDMA-ready PDA based mobile Web System and national control point control system are developed as well. With help of these systems, control point data can be checked at the seen, and national control point maintenance personnel can find out about maintenance status and keep track of usage record. When these systems are taken into effect, access to the national control point data becomes easy, fast response to the change in data can be possible, and management efficiency will go up. When the Ubiquitous society becomes reality, the importance of location information will be high. Therefore, national control points using above mentioned RFID tags will not only be useful to the control point users and maintenance personnels such as professional land surveyors, but also useful when providing location based services to people, and it will become an important national infrastructure in terms of providing absolute location information.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.225-227
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• 2003

Traditional photogrammetry and satellite image rectification technique have been developed based on control-points for many decades. These techniques are driven from linked points in image space and the corresponding points in the object space in rigorous colinearity or coplanarity conditions. Recently, digital imagery facilitates the opportunity to use features as well as points for images rectification. These implementations were mainly based on rigorous models that incorporated geometric constraints into the bundle adjustment and could not be applied to the new high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) due to the absence of sensor calibration and satellite orbit information. This research is an attempt to establish a new Line Based Transformation Model (LBTM), which is based on linear features only or linear features with a number of ground control points instead of the traditional models that only use Ground Control Points (GCPs) for satellite imagery rectification. The new model does not require any further information about the sensor model or satellite ephemeris data. Synthetic as well as real data have been demonestrated to check the validity and fidelity of the new approach and the results showed that the LBTM can be used efficiently for rectifying HRSI.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels and the relationship of emergency nurses' organizational culture and fatigue for infection control, and infection control compliance of COVID-19. Methods: Data was collected from 114 nurses caring for patients suspected of COVID-19 at two emergency medical centers in Gyeonggi-do and Seoul June 18-July 23, 2021. Results: Emergency nurses caring for patients suspected of COVID-19 suffered from high fatigue for infection control. The mean scores of the organizational culture and fatigue for infection control, and infection control compliance of COVID-19 were 51.80 ± 8.37 of 70 points, 78.46± 12.28 of 100 points and 71.02± 7.84 of 80 points, respectively. The higher infection control compliance of COVID-19 is significantly related to the higher organizational culture for infection control (r= .42, p< .001). Conclusion: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the formation of a positive organizational culture for infection control may be a priority as a major strategy to improve the infection control compliance of emergency nurses. It is also necessary to manage the high level of fatigue for infection control among emergency nurses.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of infection control knowledge and nursing work environment on infection control performance among general hospital nurses. Methods: A total of 138 nurses from four general hospitals located in G and P cities participated in this descriptive study. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The average mean score was 21.41±1.92 points out of 25 for infection control knowledge, 2.53±0.33 points out of 4 for nursing work environment, and 4.62±0.40 points out of 5 for infection control performance. In the final analysis, the variables that had the greatest influence on infection control performance were the nursing work environment (β=.32, p<.001), working department (β=.19, p=.014), and knowledge (β=.19, p=.016). Conclusion: This study showed that nurses with a better nursing work environment, employment in general department, and more infection control knowledge delivered superior infection control performance. Therefore, to improve infection control performance, it is necessary to enhance the nursing environment and develop practical education programs for augmenting infection control knowledge.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2016

Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion were introduced through tobacco control legislation in Viet Nam, but it has been established that violations of the bans are very common. This study was conducted to explore the trend in violations of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in Viet Nam in the past six years and to explore any differences in the violation situations before and after the Law on Tobacco Control came into effect on 1st May 2013. Quantitative data were collected through observation of violations of the bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in 10 provinces throughout Viet Nam in four survey rounds (2009, 2010, 2011, and 2015). Variation in violation prevalence over time was examined by chi-square test using a Bonferini method. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors that may have influences on different types of violation. A level of significance of p<0.05 was used for all tests in this article. The most common form of violation was the display of more than one pack/one carton of a cigarette brand. Violation of bans on tobacco advertising increased while violations on promotion ban and on displaying tobacco decreased through time. Some factors associated with the tobacco advertising and promotion bans included surveyed years, types of points of sale, regions and areas where the points of sale were located. The enforcement of the bans did not improve even after the issuance and the enactment of the Law on Tobacco Control. This suggests that the monitoring and enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale should be strengthened. Penalties should be strictly applied for violators as indicated in the current tobacco control legislation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.955-958
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• 2003

Nepal is a country of mountains The higher order geodetic points were mostly established on the top of mountains and these points were used for the geodetic network extension. Lower order geodetic control networks were established at different times and used for the surveying and mapping activities of the country.. It has been found that the rate of convergence between north and south borders of Nepal to be 21${\pm}$2 mm each year and the rate translation of Kathmandu to 55${\pm}$3 mm/year to the plates. The most intense deformation in Nepal occurs along the belt of high mountains along its northern border res ulting in a strain contraction rate normal to the Himalayan Arc. This belt is approximately 40 km wide and extends into southern Tibet.( 13). Recently Survey Department of Nepal has lunched a program of strengthening the existing geodetic network of Nepal and re-observed the position of higher order geodetic points by using geodetic GPS receivers to evaluate their position and thus to define the precision of the control points once again. This paper describes the observation procedure and the adjustment results of the existing higher order control network of Nepal established in different time using different types of equipment and techniques; and highlights the observation procedure and the result obtained after the post processing of the GPS observation results. Attempt has been made to give the procedure and identify the methodology for the re observation of existing higher order geodetic points by using GPS receiver and post processing the observed data so that the existing higher order geodetic points are within the given accuracy standard.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2020

We investigate the transmit power control algorithm for multi-access points environment. Each terminal may transmit a signal to one of these access points. Each access point may receive a signal from desired terminals as well as interference from neighbor terminals. In this paper, a transmit power control algorithm is developed such that the total transmit power is minimized, while each terminal meets the target signal to interference ratio (SIR) requirement. In particular, the effect of increasing the number of access-points on the total transmit power consumption is analyzed. Based on this analysis, we propose a convergence guaranteed power control algorithm. We prove that the proposed iterative algorithm always converges to the target SIR. In addition, we show that the proposed algorithm optimizes the transmit power level. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm guarantees convergence regardless of the number of access points. We also observed that increasing the number of access points reduces the total transmit power consumption.