• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the comparison of storability on film sources and storage temperature and determine the proper condition for fresh Japanese mint in U storage. The fresh weight in storage was maintained well more than 40$\mu$m ceramic film(CE 40) thickness. The carbon dioxide, ethylene, and acetaldehyde contents in 80$\mu$m ceramic film(CE 80) was higher than those in CE 40. Those were not different among the storage temperatures, rather, those in 3$^{\circ}C$ and 1$^{\circ}C$ storage were higher than those in 1$0^{\circ}C$. The chlorophyll contents loss was promoted by above 5％ water loss and 0.5ppm ethylene contents, but mote than 4％ carbon dioxide contents restrained from degrading chiorophyll. The storage period in 3$^{\circ}C$ was 30 days that was twice longer than those in other storage temperatures. The visual quality was higher in CE 40 at 3$^{\circ}C$, and this plot was lowest in ion leakage that was shown the degree of chilling injury. It was concluded that storage temperature of at 3$^{\circ}C$ and packaged ceramic 40$\mu$m film to increase storability of Japanese mint would be favorable.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

The study was performed on the effects of crop load of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees on shoot growth, reserved nutrients, and fruit production for two years, as well as regrowth of cuttings treated with various cold temperatures in 2012 and 2013. Crop load adjustments included three levels of fruiting; 54 (60%), 90 (100%), and 126 fruits per tree (140%). As increasing crop load from 60% to 140%, water sprout growth decreased, and one-year old shoot resulted in declined concentrations of total carbon, macro-nutrients, and free sugar. The 140% of crop load greatly increased fruit yield of approximately 35 tons per ha in both 2011 and 2012 but slightly reduced weight, size, and soluble solid contents in fruit. However, 140% of crop load increased annual production income to approximately over 10 million won compared to the 60% and 100% of crop load. Germination rates in the cuttings did not rapidly decrease up to $-20^{\circ}C$ in a growth chamber condition. The 140% of crop load decreased germination rates less than 70% of cuttings grown under $-30^{\circ}C$. Amounts of electrolyte leakage in the cuttings under various cold temperatures were not significantly different among the adjustment of crop load.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Small valves including ball valves, gate valves and butterfly valves have been adopted in the fields of steam power generation, petrochemical industry, carriers, and oil tankers. Butterfly valves have normally been applied to fields where in narrow places installing the existing valves such as gate valves and ball valves have proven difficult due to the surrounding area and the heavier of these valves. Butterfly valves are used to control the mass flow of the piping system under low pressure by rotating the circular disk installed inside. The butterfly valve is benefitted by having simpler structure in which the flow is controlled by rotating the disc circular plate along the center axis, whereas the weight of the valve is light compared to the gate valve and ball valve above-mentioned, as there is no additional bracket supporting the valve body. The manufacturing company needs to acquire the performance and life test equipment, in the case of adopting the improving factors to detect leakage and damage on the seat of the valve disc. However, small companies, which are manufacturing the industrial valves, normally sell their products without the life test, which is the reliability test and environment test, because of financial and manpower problems. Furthermore, the failure mode analysis of the products failed in the field is likewise problematic as there is no system collecting the failure data on sites for analyzing the failures of valves. The analyzing and researching process is not arranged systematically because of the financial problem. Therefore this study firstly tried to obtain information about the failure data from the sites, analyzed the failure mode based on the field data collected from the customers, and then obtained field data using measuring equipment. Secondly, we designed and manufactured the performance and life test equipment which also have the real time monitoring system with the naked eye for the butterfly valves. The concept of this equipment can also be adopted by other valves, such as the ball valve, gate valve, and various others. It can be applied to variously sized valves, ranging from 25 mm to large sized valves exceeding 3000 mm. Finally, this study carries out the life test with square wave pressure, using performance and life test equipment. The performance found out that the failures from the real time monitoring system were good. The results of this study can be expanded to the other valves like ball valves, gate valves, and control valves to find out the failure mode using the real time monitoring system for durability and performance tests.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of light condition before and after chilling treatment started at different times of a day on the survival and physiological responses of cucumber seedlings grown in a greenhouse. Percent survival of cucumber seedling exposed to a chilling temperature of 2$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours varied considerably depending upon the initiation time of chilling treatment. Seedlings exposed to chilling treatment from 7:00 o clock, the end of a dark period, showed considerably lower % survival of 30.6% as compared to 90.2% in those exposed to the same treatment starting from 18:00 o clock, the end of a photoperiod. This difference in % survival was found to be closely associated with content of photosynthetic assimilates in seedlings. Relative amount of electrolyte leakage was 57.1% in seedlings chilled from 7:00 o clock and 25.9% in seedlings chilled from 18:00 o clock. Among the ions found in the electrolyte leakage, content of $K^{+}$ was the greatest, followed by that of N $a^{+}$, $Mg^{+}$ and $Ca^{+2}$. Light illumination for 2 hours or longer shortly before chilling treatment during the dark period was effective in increasing % survival of seedlings, probably because of increased photosynthetic assimilates in seedlings. Light illumination during a 48 hour chilling treatment at 3$^{\circ}C$ significantly reduced % survival to 43.3% as compared to 92.0% in seedlings kept continuously in darkness.ess.s.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.540-546
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• 2010

This study was conducted to understand the role of soybean pathogenesis-related 10 (GmPR10) gene in salt tolerance and to develop salt-tolerant rice using GmPR10 cDNA. GmPR10 transgene was expressed constitutively in the shoot and root of the $T_1$ transgenic rice plants. Interestingly, however, the levels of the transgene expression were increased temporally up to over four- to five-fold in the shoot and root by 125 mM NaCl treatment, peaking at six hours after the treatment and decreasing thereafter. Electrolyte leakage of leaf cells under 125 mM NaCl treatment was lower in all the transgenic lines than in the control variety, Dongjin-byeo. Ability of seedlings to recover from 125 mM NaCl treatment for two weeks was higher in the transgenic plants than in the control plants. These results demonstrated that GmPR10 had function to increase cell integrity and promote growth under the saline stress imposed by NaCl. The transgenic line GmPR10-3 which showed highest ability to recover from the saline stress could be used as a potential source for salt tolerance in rice breeding programs.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.835-844
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• 2018

Recently, as the number of smartphone users has been increasing worldwide, various services such as electronic payment, internet use, and financial settlement are being used as a smartphone. In addition, researches for home appliance control and automobile control using smartphone are conducted. As such, smartphone users can enjoy a more convenient life, but by hacking smartphones, tapping texts and conversations on smartphones, tracking location through spy apps, DDoS attacks using smartphones, and malicious apps When a message is received at a specific telephone number when using a micropayment, the corresponding text message is transmitted to a remote server, thereby increasing the risk of leakage of personal information and the like. Therefore, in this paper, we define the risk factors of the smartphone that are caused by the internal and external environmental, physical, contents (apps) of the smartphone through the smartphone that we use in real life, We propose a method to check vulnerability of smartphone security solution such as CC evaluation and the most effective response technique for each risk of smartphone by defining the technique.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.6
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• pp.51-79
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• 2024

In the 1970s and 1980s, during the nascent phase of ginseng disease research, efforts concentrated on isolating and identifying pathogens. Subsequently, their physiological ecology and pathogenesis characteristics were scrutinized. This led to the establishment of a comprehensive control approach for safeguarding major aerial part diseases like Alternaria blight, anthracnose, and Phytophthora blight, along with underground part diseases such as Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off, Pythium seedling damping-off, and Sclerotinia white rot. In the 1980s, the sunshade was changed from traditional rice straw to polyethylene (PE) net. From 1987 to 1989, focused research aimed at enhancing disease control methods. Notably, the introduction of a four-layer woven P.E. light-shading net minimized rainwater leakage, curbing Alternaria blight occurrence. Since 1990, identification of the bacterial soft stem rot pathogen facilitated the establishment of a flower stem removal method to mitigate outbreaks. Concurrently, efforts were directed towards identifying root rot pathogens causing continuous crop failure, employing soil fumigation and filling methods for sustainable crop land use. In 2000, adapting to rapid climate changes became imperative, prompting modifications and supplements to control methods. New approaches were devised, including a crop protection agent method for Alternaria stem blight triggered by excessive rainfall during sprouting and a control method for gray mold disease. A comprehensive plan to enhance control methods for Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off and Rhizoctonia damping-off was also devised. Over the past 50 years, the initial emphasis was on understanding the causes and control of ginseng diseases, followed by refining established control methods. Drawing on these findings, future ginseng cultivation and disease control methods should be innovatively developed to proactively address evolving factors such as climate fluctuations, diminishing cultivation areas, escalating labor costs, and heightened consumer safety awareness.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.744-751
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• 1995

Background: Asthma is an inflammatory disease because there are many inflammatory changes in the asthmatic airways. Axon reflex mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Sensory neuropeptides are involved in this inflammation, which is defined as neurogenic inflammation. Substance p, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B may be main neuropeptides of neurogenic inflammation in airways. These tachykinins act on neurokinin receptors. Three types of neurokinin receptors, such as $NK_1$, $NK_2$, and $NK_3$, are currently recognized, at which substance p, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B may be the most relevant natural agonist of neurogenic inflammation in airways. The receptor subtypes present in several tissues have been characterized on the basis of differential sensitivity to substance p, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B. Plasma extravasation and vasodilation are induced by substance p more potently than by neurokinin A, indicating NK1 receptors on endothelial cells mediate the response. But airway contraction is induced by neurokinin A more potently than by substance P, indicating the $NK_2$ receptors in airway smooth muscles. These receptors are used to evaluate the pathogenesis of brochial asthma. FK224 was identified from the fermentation products of Streptomyces violaceoniger. FK224 is a dual antagonist of both $NK_1$ and $NK_2$ receptors. Purpose: For a study of pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, the effect of FK224 on plasma extravasation induced by vagal NANC electrical stimulation was evaluated in rat airway. Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180~450gm were anesthetized by i.p. injection of urethane. Plasma extravasation was induced by electrical stimulation of cervical vagus NANC nerves with 5Hz, 1mA, and 5V for 2 minutes(NANC2 group) and for sham operation without nerve stimulation(control group). To evaluate the effect of FK224 on plasma extravasation in neurogenic inflammation, FK224(1mg/kg, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide; DMSO, Sigma Co.) was injected 1 min before nerve stimulation(FK224 group). To assess plasma exudation, Evans blue dye(20mg/kg, dissolved in saline) was used as a plasma marker and was injected before nerve stimulation. After removal of intravascular dye, the evans blue dye in the tissue was extracted in formamide($37^{\circ}C$, 24h) and quantified spectrophotometrically by measuring dye absorbance at 629nm wavelength. Tissue dye content was expressed as ng of dye per mg of wet weight tissue. The amount of plasma extravasation was measured on the part of airways in each groups. Results: 1) Vagus nerve(NANC) stimulation significantly increased plasma leakage in trachea, main bronchus, and peripheral bronchus compared with control group, $14.1{\pm}1.6$ to $49.7{\pm}2.5$, $17.5{\pm}2.0$ to $38.7{\pm}2.8$, and $12.7{\pm}2.2$ to $19.1{\pm}1.6ng$ of dye per mg of tissue(mean ${\pm}$ SE), respectively(p<0.05). But there was not significantly changed in lung parenchyma(p>0.05) 2) FK224 had significant inhibitory effect upon vagal nerve stimulation-induced airway plasma leakage in any airway tissues of rat,such as trachea, main bronchus, and peripheral bronchus compared with vagus nerve stimulation group, 49%, 58%, and 70%, respectively(p<0.05). Inhibitory effect of FK224 on airway plasma leakage in neurogenic inflammation was revealed the more significant in peripheral bronchus, but no significant in lung parenchyma. Conclusion: These results suggest that FK224 is a selective NK receptor antagonist which effectively inhibits airway plasma leakage induced by the endogenous neurotransmitters relased by neurogenic inflammation in rat airway. Tachykinin receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of brochial asthma.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.771-781
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• 1994

The heat generation of cement causes the internal temperature rise and volume change at early age, particulary in massive concrete structures. As the results of the temperature rise and restraint conditions, the thermal stress may induce cracks in concrete. Therefore, the prediction of the thermal stress is very important in the design and construction in order to control the cracks developed in mass concrete. In case of young concrete, creep effect by the temperature load is larger than that of old concrete. Thus, the effect of creep must be considered for checking the cracks, serviceability, durability and leakage. This paper is concentrated on the development of a finite element program which is capable of simulating the temperature history and the thermal stress considering creep and the modified elastic modulus due to inner temperature change and maturity. The analytical results in the inner parts highest important to control cracks are in good agreement with experimental data. Therefore this study may provide available method to control the cracks.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

If digital forensic investigators can utilize file access logs when they audit insider information leakage cases or incident cases, it would be helpful to understand user's behaviors more clearly. There are many known artifacts related to file access in MS Windows. But each of the artifacts often lacks critical information, and they are usually not preserved for enough time. So it is hard to track down what has happened in a real case. In this thesis, I suggest a method to utilize SACL(System Access Control List) which is one of the audit functions provided by MS Windows. By applying this method of strengthening the Windows's audit settings, even small organizations that cannot adopt security solutions can build better environment for conducting digital forensic when an incident occurs.