• Title/Summary/Keyword: contact effect

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A Study on the Effect of Perceived Risk in Choosing a Korean Restaurant on Customer Behavior - Based on Chinese Students Studying in Korea - (한식당 선택 시 인지된 위험 지각이 고객 행동 의도에 미치는 영향 - 중국인 유학생을 대상으로 -)

  • An, Hyun-Ae;Byun, Gwang-In;Kim, Dong-Jin
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.51-65
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    • 2010
  • This study attempts to examine how the perception of risk and customer satisfaction influence the intention to recommend when selecting a Korean restaurant. 257 copies of the questionnaire for the Chinese students studying in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do are analyzed. Three hypotheses were established and the results are as follows. First, as a result of difference analysis about perception of risk depending on dining types, there are significant differences in all factors of preception of risk partially. Second, as a result of difference analysis of customer behavior depending on dining types, there are significant differences between revisit intention and recommendation intention, and dining motivation and preferred Korean menu. Third, the effects of 6 factors of perception of risk on customer behavior are analyzed, and there are decreased customer satisfaction as the customers perceive financial and psychological crisis highly.

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A study on the mechanical performance of impregnated polymer foam in cargo leakage of LNG carrier (LNG운반선의 화물 누출 시 함침된 고분자 폼의 기계적 성능에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Gi-Beom;Kim, Tae-Wook;Kim, Seul-Kee;Lee, Jae-Myung
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.345-352
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the effect of cryogenic liquefied natural gas leakage and loading on liquefied natural gas cargo hold is investigated to observe the performance of the polymer foam material that comprises the cryogenic insulation of the cargo hold. The primary barriers of liquefied natural gas carrier that are in contact with the liquefied natural gas will leak if damage is accumulated, owing to fluid impact loads or liquefied natural gas loading / unloading over a long period. The leakage of the cryogenic fluid affects the interior of the polymer foam, which is a porous closed cell structure, and causes a change in behavior with respect to the working load. In this study, mechanical properties of polyisocyanurate foam specimen, which is a polymer material used as insulation, are evaluated. The performance of the specimens, owing to the cold brittleness and the impregnation effects of the cryogenic fluids, are quantitatively compared and analyzed.

The Effects of Fairness on Abusive Supervision and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Abusive Supervision (공정성이 비인격적 감독과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향: 비인격적 감독의 매개효과를 중심으로)

  • Nam, Keong-Suk;Yoo, Young-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.324-334
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    • 2016
  • The purposes of this study were to identify the causal effects of distributive fairness, procedural fairness and interactional fairness on abusive supervision and the causal ones of abusive supervision on organizational citizenship behavior(OCB). Also this study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of abusive supervision on the causal relationships between three fairnesses and organizational citizenship behavior. The sample of this study were customer-contact employees of restaurants among Youngnam province. 376 questionnaires were used for the empirical analyses. According to the research findings, distributive fairness and interactional fairness had negative influences to abusive supervision and abusive supervision had a negative influence to OCB. Another research findings were that abusive supervision had the mediating effects on the causal relationships between two fairnesses(distributive and interactional) and organizational citizenship behavior. Managerial implications of the research findings are that restaurant managers should set up the organizational culture of respecting employees each other and provide training for the level of supervisor to foster the organizational culture. In the field of restaurant industry, training is very important for employees to foster this organizational culture as this industry has the environment of becoming abusive supervisor for the reason of supervisors' being exposed to lots of physical and psychological burden of works.

Adhesion Characteristics of Polymers and Ceramic Surface Coated on Metal by Plasma Spray (플라즈마 용사법에 의한 금속면에 세라믹 코팅된 표면과 범용고분자와의 접착특성)

  • Lee, Gyeong-Hui;Gwon, Sun-Hun;Jo, Won-Je;Ha, Chang-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.9 no.7
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    • pp.724-734
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    • 1999
  • The adhesion characteristics of the thermoplastic resins such as PE, PP PVC, PET and PS were investigated on the surfaces of conventional steel (SS41), steel (SS41P) treated with ultrasonic waves and the SS41P coated with several ceramic powders (SS41PC) by the plasma spray. Alumina (Al$_2$O$_3$), alumina titania (Al$_2$O$_3$95%, TiO$_2$ 5%) and zirconia yttria (ZrO$_2$ 95%, $Y_2$O$_3$5% ) were used for the materials plasma spray The morphologies, surface hardness, surface roughness, and contact angles on SS41, SS41P, and SS41PC were examined. The tensile shear strength and peel strength of the polymers which were attached to the surfaces of ceramics coated on SS41P also were measured. The tensile shear strength and peel strength of polymers adhered to ceramic surface coated on steel were found to be stronger than those of conventional steel. The tensile shear strength and peel strength of the polymers adhered on the surfaces of ceramics coated steel increased in the following order PE > PET > PP > PS > PVC. The high adhesion strength of PE may be attributed to the surface roughness and its anchor effect on the ceramic surface.

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Measurement of Isoelectric Point of Betaine Zwitterionic Surfactant by QCM(Quartz Crystal Microbalance) (QCM(Quartz Crystal Microbalance)을 이용한 Betaine 양쪽성 계면활성제의 등전점 측정)

  • Kim, Ji Sung;Park, Jun Seok;Lim, Jong Choo
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 2009
  • A zwitterionic surfactant shows not only detergency but also mildness effect since it shows characteristics of a nonionic or an anionic surfactant above an isoelectric point, while showing characteristics of a cationic surfactant below an isoelectric point. Therefore, a zwitterionic surfactant can serve as a dual function surfactant by a single molecule through the interconversion of cleaning and softening effects depending on pH variations of the aqueous solution. In this study, physical properties of betaine surfactant such as CMC, surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle and viscosity were measured and phase behavior study was performed. Also dual function characteristics of betaine zwitterionic surfactant were investigated by measuring an isoelectric point using QCM(quartz crystal microbalance) and zeta potential measurement. The CMC of betaine surfactant was near $10^{-4}mol/L$ and the surface tension at CMC was about 32 mN/m. The interfacial tension between 1 wt% aqueous solution and n-decane measured by spinning drop tensiometer at pH 2~10 resulted in an increase in interfacial tension until pH 5 and a decrease with pH after 5 and equilibration time showed the similar trend with an increase in pH. The isoelectric point of betaine surfactant measured by QCM experiment was found to exist between 3.0 and 3.3, which is the same as the result determined by zeta potential measurement.

The Change of Corneal Refractive Power by Everted Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens Wear (역방향 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈 착용에 따른 각막 굴절력 변화)

  • Kim, Soo-Hyun;Shin, Dong-Min;Jeong, Ju-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.271-277
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: The purpose was to study the corneal refractive power changes associated with the wearing of everted silicone hydrogel soft lenses. Methods: The corneal refractive power and corneal astigmatism were measured using corneal topographer (CT-1000, Shin-nippon Co., Japan) for checking change of corneal refractive power and objective refractive error was measured by auto-refractometer (Natural vision-K 5001, Shin-nippon Co., Japan). We measured at baseline and 1 week after lens wearing. Results: The correcting of corneal refractive power could be effective in low myopia. It's more effective to the higher power of greatest meridian of cornea and the more corneal astigmatism. 73% of subjects' refractive error was decrease less than 1 D and 17% of the subjects had an reverse effect (increase) occurs. The reduction of objective refractive error was more effective when cornea refractive power was great or corneal astigmatism was much. Conclusions: Pressure which the everted silicone hydrogel lens to the cornea could be caused. It occurred as the degrees of corneal power, corneal astigmatism and objective refractive error differences. Selection of an appropriate subject is important considering difficulty of changing the parameters of the lens.

A Study on Corrosion Inhibitors for applying to Iron objects (철제유물의 부식억제를 위한 부식억제제에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hye Sun;Hur, Yoon Hyun;Kim, Soo Ki
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2014
  • Stabilization of iron artifacts is focused on desalination than corrosion inhibitors. However artifacts are not condition of desalination treatment must be applied to corrosion inhibitors. But iron artifacts is not representative of inhibitors which drug is most effective qualities have not been identified. Therefore in this study validates the effectiveness of existing inhibitors and its purpose is to suggest corrosion inhibitors for iron artifacts. In this study, Comparative experiment of corrosion inhibitors is selected BTA, DAN and MEA, TEA. This study was studied using Corrosion resistance test, Contact angle, XPS. As a result, all the samples treated with corrosion inhibitors was formed hydrophobic coating and was rising corrosion resistance. Also, the concentration of corrosion inhibitors was 3% better than 0.3%. BTA in the XPS experiment, the corrosive material to block the CH bond of the peak concentration was highly. This is considered corrosion potential is very high to see out the effect in the polarization experiment. Ethanolamine was superior to the MEA rather than in the TEA. MEA is likely to be appropriate in an outdoor iron artifacts seem to be suitable as corrosion inhibitors.

Effect of Fluidized Bed Powdered Activated Carbon Impregnated by Iron Oxide Nano-particles on Enhanced Operation and NOM Removal of MF Membrane System (산화철 나노입자 표면개질 분말활성탄 유동층에 의한 MF 막 분리 공정의 운전 및 NOM 제거 효율 향상)

  • Kim, Sung-Su;Seo, Gyu-Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.332-339
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    • 2011
  • Effects of powdered activated carbon impregnated by iron oxide nano particle (Impregnated PAC) on the microfiltration (MF) membrane system performance in NOM removal from water were investigated in this study. A fluidized bed column was employed as a pretreatment of MF membrane process. The Impregnated PAC bed was stably maintained at an upflow rate of 63 m/d without leakage of the Impregnated PAC particles, which provided a contact time of 29 minutes. A magnetic ring at the upper part of the column could effectively hold the overflowing discrete particles. The Impregnated PAC column demonstrated a significant enhancement in the MF membrane performance in terms of fouling prevention and natural organic matter (NOM) removal. Trans-membrane pressure of the MF membrane increased to 41 kPa in 98 hours of operation, while it could be maintained at 12 kPa with the Impregnated PAC pretreatment. Removal of NOM determined by dissolved organic carbon and UV254 was also enhanced from 46% and 51% to 75% and 84%, respectively, by the pretreatment. It was found that the Impregnated PAC effectively removed a wide range of different molecular-sized organic compounds from size exclusion analysis.

Geological Structures and Their Relation to Groundwater System around K-1 Oil Stockpile (K-1 기지 주변 지질 구조와 지하수위 변동 특성)

  • Moon, Sang-Ho;Kim, Young-Seog;Ha, Kyoo-Chul;Won, Chong-Ho;Lee, Jin-Yong
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.149-162
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    • 2010
  • The most serious problem in oil stockpiles with artificial underground cavern is maintaining the stability of ground water system. In order to understand the ground water system around K-1 site, we determined the regional flow direction and level distribution of groundwater, and investigated the major geologic factors influencing their flow system. Reactivated surface along the contact between granite and gneiss, and fractures and faults along the long acidic dyke may contribute as important pathways for groundwater flow. Within K-1 site, groundwater level fluctuation is closely related to the rainfall events and injection from surface or influx water. In this project, the effect of groundwater pumping from the southern wells was examined. Based on equations relating water level drawdown to pumping rate at those wells, their pumped outflow of groundwater ranged from $80\;m^3$/day to less than $250\;m^3$/day. The modeling results with MODFLOW imply that the previous groundwater pumping at distance of 1.2 km may not affect the groundwater level variations of the K-1 site. However, continuous pumping work at quantity over $250\;m^3$/day in this area will be able to affect the groundwater system of the K-1 site, particularly along the acidic dyke.

Correlation between belief in the importance of hand hygiene, related activities and performance among dental staff (치과종사자의 손 위생 신념 및 손 위생 활동과 손 위생 수행률의 관련성)

  • Jeong, Ju-Hui;Noh, Hie-Jin;Yoo, Ja-Hea;Mun, So-Jung
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.247-258
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the correlation between belief in hand hygiene, activities and related hand hygiene performance rates among dental staff. Methods: This study was based on the evaluation of 329 dental practitioners, including dental hygienists who work at dental clinics, dental hospitals, general and university dental hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do Province, and Incheon. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 46 questions, including 7 questions on general characteristics, and 25 questions on hand hygiene beliefs, and 5 questions on hand hygiene activities, and 9 questions on hand hygiene practices. This study used 291 subjects for the final analysis, excluding subjects who had provided incomplete or inappropriate responses to the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test, ANOVA, $x^2$ test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis, where p-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Longer clinical career was associated with a significant increase in behavior and norm beliefs, but no sequential difference in control beliefs. The hand hygiene performance was higher in staff at larger hospitals after contact with pollutants and contaminated environments. Higher age was associated with a significant increase in hand hygiene performance rates, but profession was not statistically significant in the performance rate of hand hygiene. The hand hygiene performance rate was ranked higher among those with average work hours per week of greater than 8 hours followed by those who worked fewer than 8 hours. Fewer work hours per week, a stronger belief in hand hygiene, less frequent exposure to contaminated environments, and a greater number of hand hygiene performance had a positive effect on higher hand hygiene performance rates. Conclusions: In order to increase the hand hygiene performance rate of dental practitioners, it is considered that required time for hand washing should be ensured sufficiently. Proper usage of hand sanitizers should also be promoted efficiently.